• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.743-750
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effects of 2 mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes, on streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study . Diabets mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of STZinto the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg. Sprague-Dawley male rats(200-250g) were assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were assigned to STZ-control, pleurotus ostreatus and Lenitinus edodes groups. All groups were fed a AIN 76 diet. The two experimental groups were fed with each protein-bound polysaccharide(150mg/kg BW) for 14 days and with carboxymethyl cellulose for STZ-control group. The body weight gain was monitored and the blood levels of glucose and cholesterol were measured . Levels of protein triglyceride, and free fatty acid in plasma were analysed. Serum aminotransferase activity as also measured. The body weight gain was lower in the all diabetic groups than in the of normal group. The weight of spleen was reduced by adminstration of the Lentinus edodes protein-bound polysaccharides. The result suggest that orally administered Lentinus edodes protein-bound polysaccharides exhibited hypoglycemic effect in STZ -induced diabetic rats and that these protein-bound polysaccharides may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2017

The effect of the trehalose incorporation on the biological membranes was investigated with respect to the phase of the membranes using the fluorescence intensity change. Spherical phospholipid bilayers, vesicles, were prepared only with the variation in the phase of each layer via a double emulsion technique. In the aqueous inside of the vesicles, 8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt(ANTS) was encapsulated. As a quencher, p-Xylene-bis(N-pyridinium bromide)(DPX) was included in the buffer where the vesicles were dispersed. The fluorescence scale was calibrated with the fluorescence of ANTS vesicles in p-Xylene-bis(N-pyridinium bromide)(DPX)-included-buffer taken as 100% fluorescence and the mixture of ANTS and DPX in the buffer as 0% fluorescence. Trehalose injection into the vesicle solution led the distortion of the membrane. It was found that the distortion was related to the phase of each layer the vesicle up on the ratio of trehalose to lipid. In the identical measurements at glucose, the behavior of the distortion was completely different from that of trehalose. These results seem to depend on the stability of the vesicles, due to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the headgroup packing disruption.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.93.1-93.1
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the generation of consecutive electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) using by one-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. For a given Gaussian perturbation, it is found that electron two-stream instability occurs in local grids region. Thus because of this instability, the electrostatic potential grows rapidly so as to be separated into electron and ion in perturbation region, and then electrons are trapped with heating during growing instability. It is found that these heated and trapped electrons are caused the generation of ESW, and ions are reflected backward and forward at the boundary of the initial perturbation, then form cold ion beam whereas electrons are confined to inside of the potential. Furthermore backward reflected ion beam forms ion holes by ion two-stream instability. On the other hand, as the confined electrons are released, and then released electrons also form hot electron beam, which play an important role in the generation of consecutive ESWs such as broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) observed frequently in space environment. Therefore the reason of the generation of consecutive ESWs is the existence of heated electrons which can sufficiently support energy to produce ESWs.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.247-251
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• 2010

It is very difficult to understand and estimate the heat transfer and flow characteristics in the combustor, which is one of main components in the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), because its flow filed has very complex structure. In this paper, specified is characteristics of injection and flow through different air goles in the liner, which consist of large circular holes film cooling holes, and tangential air swirl holes. The durability of the liner depends on whether the surface of the liner is exposed to the hot gas over 1000 $^{\circ}C$ of a temperature or net. It is proved that the locations of hot spots estimated from the calculation using CFD are matched well with that from the test. In this study, CFD simulations were performed to examine the heat transfer and temperature distributions in and about a liner wall with film cooling on the wall. This computational study is based on the ensemble average continuity, compressible Navier-Stokes, energy, and PDF combustion equations closed by the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with standard wall functions for the gas phase and the Fourier equations for conduction in the solid phase.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.146-156
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• 2003

A numerical algorithm is developed to analyze the performance of a Unit-injector (UI) System for a diesel engine. The fundamental theory of the algorithm is based on the continuity equation of fluid dynamics. The loss factors that should be seriously regarded on the continuity equation are the compressibility effect of liquid fuel, the wall friction loss in high-pressure fuel lines of the system, the kinetic energy loss of fuel in the system, and the leakage of fuel out of the control volume. For an evaluation of the developed simulation algorithm, the calculation results are compared with the experimental outputs provided by the Technical Research Center of Doowon Precision Industry Co. (DPICO) ； the maximum pressure in the plunger chamber (P$\_$p/) and total amount of fuel injected into a cylinder per cycle (Q$\_$f/) at each operational condition. The result shows that the average error rate (%) of P$\_$p/ and Q$\_$f/ are 2.90% and 4.87%, respectively, in the specified operational conditions. Hence, it can be concluded that the analytical simulation algorithm developed in this study can be reasonably applied to the performance prediction of newly designed UI system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Recently, we have a lot of interest in alternative fuels to provide energy independence from oil producing country and to reduce exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biodiesel, which can be generated from natural renewable sources such as new or used vegetable oils or animal fats, may be used as fuel in diesel engine of compression ignition engine. In this paper, the test results on specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were presented using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine, especially this biodisel was produced from soybean oil at our laboratory. This study showed that Soot and CO emission were decreased as the blending ratios of biodiesel to diesel oil increased, on the other hand NOx emission was slightly increased because of the oxygen content in biodiesel. Also, the biodiesel blends yielded slightly higher specific fuel consumption than that of diesel oil because of lower heating value of biodiesel.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.318-328
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• 2003

Numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed to calculate the velocities and temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker within the individual local air conditioning system. The calculation domain is the space of ㄴ between walls and a worker in the climate room. The fresh air is supplied from the three different inlets located on the right, left and center wall in the climate room. In this study, the calculated data of velocities and temperature profiles of air in the nearest the skin of a worker are used to calculate the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) for evaluation of thermal comfort of a worker in the local air conditioning system. Because the data of veto-cities temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker and the PMV of a worker are the design parameters of the local air conditioning system. The results of calculation show that the fresh air velocity and injection position are closely related to the PMV value. In individual air condition system of ㄴ, the appropriate PMV are obtained when the fresh air velocity and position are 1.0 m/s, throat of a worker and are 1.5 m/s, head of a worker, respectively. The method of numerical calculation is effective to obtain the optimum velocity and position of the fresh air for optimum the PMV and energy saving in individual local air conditioning system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 1995

Creatine(Cr) and phosphocreatine(PCr), the important mediators of intracellular high-energy phosphate buffer system, were found in the tissues of mouse seminal vesicle and also in the extracellular fluids of seminal vesicle secretion. This study was performed m confirm that the secretion and accumulation of Cr and PCr is regulated by testosterone and its $5{\alpha}$-reduced metabolite, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone(DHT). In addition, the effect of nandrolone decanoate(ND), a synthetic anabolic steroid, on the levels of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicle was compared with those of testosterone propionate(TP) and DHT. Male Swiss-Webster mice were castrated and three groups of the castrates were treated with daily injection(sc) of same molar dose($1.45{\times}10^{-8}mol/g\;BW$) of TP, DHT, or ND. All three androgens rapidly increased weights of seminal vesicle tissue and fluid, and also increased concentrations of Cr and PCr in the tissue and fluid. However, ND was least effective in increasing seminal vesicle weights, whereas ND was as effective as, or in some cases, more effective than, TP or DHT in increasing Cr and PCr levels in the tissue and fluid. The results confirm that the accumulation of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicles is regulated by testosterone and DHT, and also suggest that the effects of androgens on seminal vesicle growth and secretory activity may be differentiated.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

As integrated circuits become more complex, the number of I/O connections per chip grow. Conventional wire-bonding, lead-frame mounting techniques are unable to keep up. The space saved by shrinking die size is lost when the die is packaged in a huge device with hundreds of leads. The solution is bumps; gold, conductive adhesive, but most importantly solder bumps. Virtually every semiconductor manufacturer in the world is using or planning to use bump technology fur their larger and more complex devices. Several wafer-bumping processes used in the manufacture of bumped wafer. Some of the more popular techniques are evaporative, stencil or screen printing, electroplating, electrodes nickel, solder jetting, stud bumping, decal transfer, punch and die, solder injection or extrusion, tacky dot process and ball placement. This paper will discuss the process steps for bumping wafers using these techniques. Critical cleaning is a requirement for each of these processes. Key contaminants that require removal are photoresist and flux residue. Removal of these contaminants requires wet processes, which will not attack, wafer metallization or passivation. research has focused on enhanced cleaning solutions that meet this critical cleaning requirement. Process parameters defining time, temperature, solvency and impingement energy required to solvate and remove residues from bumped wafers will be presented herein.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

As integrated circuits become more complex, the number of I/O connections per chip grow. Conventional wire-bonding, lead-frame mounting techniques are unable to keep up. The space saved by shrinking die size is lost when the die is packaged in a huge device with hundreds of leads. The solution is bumps; gold, conductive adhesive, but most importantly solder bumps. Virtually every semiconductor manufacturer in the world is using or planning to use bump technology for their larger and more complex devices. Several wafer-bumping processes used in the manufacture of bumped wafer. Some of the more popular techniques are evaporative, stencil or screen printing, electroplating, electroless nickel, solder jetting, stud humping, decal transfer, punch and die, solder injection or extrusion, tacky dot process and ball placement. This paper will discuss the process steps for bumping wafers using these techniques. Critical cleaning is a requirement for each of these processes. Key contaminants that require removal are photoresist and flux residue. Removal of these contaminants requires wet processes, which will not attack, wafer metallization or passivation. Research has focused on enhanced cleaning solutions that meet this critical cleaning requirement. Process parameters defining time, temperature, solvency and impingement energy required to solvate and remove residues from bumped wafers will be presented herein.