• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제41권8호
• /
• pp.625-631
• /
• 2013

핀풀러의 신뢰도를 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해서 예측하였다. 예측방법은 응력-강도 간섭 모델에 근거한다. 이 모델은 강도가 응력보다 작을 경우를 고장으로 간주한다. 본 연구에서 강도는 핀을 예정된 거리까지 후퇴시키는데 필요한 에너지로, 응력은 이 핀의 운동을 방해하는데 소요되는 에너지로 간주하였다. 전자는 주로 화약량에 의해 결정되고 후자는 여러 가지 마찰력과 반발방지장치에서 소모되는 에너지에 의존한다. 응력과 강도 변수들은 해석적 성능 모델로부터 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 많은 시료가 필요하지 않기 때문에 유사한 종류의 파이로 장치 신뢰도 계산에도 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2016

This study has investigated the feasibility of 980-nm low-energy pulsed near-infrared laser stimulation to evoke auditory responses, as well as the effects of radiant exposure and pulse duration on auditory responses. In the experiments, a hole was drilled in the basal turn of the cochlea in guinea pigs. An optical fiber with a 980-nm pulsed infrared laser was inserted into the hole, orientating the spiral ganglion cells in the cochlea. To model deafness, the tympanic membrane was mechanically damaged. Acoustically evoked compound action potentials (ACAPs) were recorded before and after deafness, and optically evoked compound action potentials (OCAPs) were recorded after deafness. Similar spatial selectivity between optical and acoustical stimulation was found. In addition, OCAP amplitudes increased with radiant exposure, indicating a photothermal mechanism induced by optical stimulation. Furthermore, at a fixed radiant exposure, OCAP amplitudes decreased as pulse duration increased, suggesting that optical stimulation might be governed by the time duration over which the energy is delivered. Thus, the current experiments have demonstrated that a 980-nm pulsed near-infrared laser with low energy can evoke auditory neural responses similar to those evoked by acoustical stimulation. This approach could be used to develop optical cochlear implants.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2020

Birnessite-type manganese dioxide (δ-MnO₂) with hierarchical micro-/mesoporosity was synthesized via sacrificial graphene template approach under mild hydrothermal conditions for the first time. Graphene template was obtained by a surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) in water. A thin PEDOT:PSS (poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate)) layer was applied to improve electrical conductivity and rate capability of MnO₂. The MnO₂ (535 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 45 F g^-1 at 10 A g^-1) and MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite (550 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 141 F g^-1 at 10 A g^-1) delivered electrochemical performances superior to their previously reported counterparts. An asymmetric supercapacitor, composed of MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS (positive) and Fe₃O₄/Carbon (negative) electrodes, provided a maximum specific energy of 18 Wh kg^-1 and a maximum specific power of 4.5 kW kg^-1 (ΔV= 2 V, 1M Na₂SO₄) with 85% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. The graphene-templated MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite obtained by a simple and green approach promises for future energy storage applications with its remarkable capacitance, rate performance and cycling stability

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.954-967
• /
• 1996

Laser application to modify healthy permanent dentin to improve microhardness and caries resistence has been previously reported but the physical modification and ablation thresholds of carious and sclerotic dentin has yet to be identified. This study determined the energy density required by modify (physical modification threshold, PMT) and remove (ablation threshold, AT) infected carious, affected and selerotic dentin compared to healthy permanent dentin. $1{\pm}0.25mm$ thick dentin sections(n=272) from extracted human teeth were used. Smear layer was removed 0.5M EDTA for 2 minutes. Utilizing three pulsed fiberopitc delivered contact lasers with different emission wavelengths($1.06{\mu}m$=Nd : YAG, $2.10{\mu}m$=Ho : YAG and $2.94{\mu}mEr$ : YAG). The energy density($J/cm^2$) was incrementally increased and the resulting tissue interaction classified on a scale from 0-6. A minimum of 5 repetitions/energy density were completed. Light microscopy(10-25X) was used to verify the physical modification(scale=3) and ablation thresholds(scale=4) of the various forms of dentin and the data were analyzed by logistic regression at the 95 % confidence interval. PMT and AT by the laser and the dentin types were: PMT and AT was lower in infected dentin than in sound dentin for all lasers. PMT and AT induced by Nd : YAG>Ho : YAG>Er : YAG for all forms of dentin. Microhardness was increased in sound dentin at PMT. Morphology of crater examined by light microscopy showed Nd : YAG was safe and effective for removing carious dentin and Er: YAG was effective for removing sound dentin. The PMT and AT for YAG lasers are different as a function of dentin type which may be utilized for selective modification and removal of dentin.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2015

We analyzed the differential effects of histopathology, apoptosis and expression of radiation response genes after chronic low dose rate (LDR) and acute high dose rate (HDR) radiation exposure in spleen, lung and liver of rats. Female 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. For chronic low-dose whole body irradiation, rats were maintained for 14 days in a $^{60}Co$ gamma ray irradiated room and received a cumulative dose of 2 Gy or 5 Gy. Rats in the acute whole body exposure group were exposed to an equal dose of radiation delivered as a single pulse ($^{137}Cs$-gamma). At 24 hours after exposure, spleen, lung and liver tissues were extracted for histopathologic examination, western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. 1. The spleen showed the most dramatic differential response to acute and chronic exposure, with the induction of substantial tissue damage by HDR but not by LDR radiation. Effects of LDR radiation on the lung were only apparent at the higher dose (5 Gy), but not at lower dose (2 Gy). In the liver, HDR and LDR exposure induced a similar damage response at both doses. RT-PCR analysis identified cyclin G1 as a LDR-responsive gene in the spleen of rats exposed to 2 Gy and 5 Gy gamma radiation and in the lung of animals irradiated with 5 Gy. 2. The effects of LDR radiation differed among lung, liver, and spleen tissues. The spleen showed the greatest differential effect between HDR and LDR. The response to LDR radiation may involve expression of cyclin G1.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2001

The potential pollution problems resulting from tanker collision necessitate the requirement for an effective structural design and the development of relevant safety regulation. During a few decades, the great effort has been made by International Maritime Organization and the Administration, etc, to reduce oil spillage from collision accidents. However there is still a need for investigation in the light of structural evaluation method for the experiments and rational analysis, and design development for an operational purpose of ships. This study is aimed at investigating a complicated structural response of bow structures of oil carriers for assessing the energy dissipation and crushing mechanics of striking vessel through a methodology of the numerical analysts for the various models and its design changes. Through this study an optimal bow construction absorbing great portion of kinetic energy in the least penetration depth prior to reach to the cargo area and an effective location of collision bulkhead are investigated. In order to obtain a rational results in this study, three stages of response analysis procedures are performed as follows; 1). 16 simplified ship models are used to investigate the structural response against bow collision with variation of primary and secondary members. Mass and speed are also varied in two conditions. 2). 21 models conisted of 5 size of full scaled oil carriers are used to perform the collision simulation with the various sizes and deadweight delivered in a recent which are complied with SOLAS and MARPOL. 3). 36 models of 100k oil carrier are used to investigate the structural response and its influence to the collision bulkhead against bow collision in variation with location of collision bulkhead, primary mombers, framing system and colliding conditions, etc.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2017

근래 제한된 자원과 이기종 통신 장치를 가진 사물들이 인터넷을 통해 서로 연결되어 정보를 주고받는 사물인터넷 기술이 각광받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 블루투스 4.2 기술인 Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) 상에서 IPv6를 사용하여 센서 등을 실시간으로 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 발행-구독 방식의 사물인터넷 프로토콜인 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT)를 이용하여 별도의 데이터 변환이나 프록시가 필요 없이 데이터를 전송할 수 있다. 본 시스템과 연동된 웹 클라이언트에서는 BLE 장치가 감지한 센서 데이터는 MQTT 브로커로 중개된 후에 HTTP 및 웹소켓 프로토콜을 통해 웹 클라이언트로 전달되므로 센서 데이터를 실시간으로 모니터링할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 테스트 플랫폼을 구현하여 네트워크 성능을 검증하고 본 시스템의 유효성을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 시스템을 적용하면 개발 비용을 줄이고 이기종 장치들로 사물인터넷 망을 쉽게 구성할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2016

현대의 스마트 빌딩은 온도, 습도, 소리, 빛, 이동 등 다양한 물리적 정보를 감지해낼 수 있는 센서가 설치돼 있어 인간의 행동을 감지하고 추적하여 의료, 보안, 에너지 절약 등 각종 편의 시설에의 활용이 가능이다. 본 논문은 스마트 빌딩의 센서 기술을 이용하는 효율적인 엘리베이터 스케줄링 시스템을 제안한다. 스케줄링에 사용되는 센서로는 RFID, 비디오 센서, 바닥 센서 등으로 이들 센서는 엘리베이터 사용자의 도착 여부를 엘리베이터 호출 버튼을 누르기 전에 미리 감지하는 역할을 한다. 감지된 정보는 빌딩 네트워크를 통해 엘리베이터 스케줄링 시스템으로 전달되며, 제안하는 스케줄링 시스템은 이러한 정보를 통해 엘리베이터 사용자들을 위한 예약 호출을 생성하여 엘리베이터의 이동 방향과 이동 시간을 효율적으로 제어한다. 제안하는 엘리베이터 스케줄링 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 다양한 워크로드 환경에서 모의 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 제안하는 스케줄링 시스템이 전통적인 엘리베이터 시스템보다 평균 대기 시간, 최악 대기 시간, 에너지 소모량 등에서 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.397-410
• /
• 1999

In order to obtain the basic data concerning the optimal parameters in using Nd:YAG laser as a therapeutic modality to dentinal hypersensitivity, the author prepared 3 sections of sound dentin and 10 sections of sclerotic dentin with thickness of $0.5mm{\pm}0.1mm$ from human extracted teeth of anteriors and premolars, and applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064nm, pulse duration $120{\mu}sec$, fiber diameter $320{\mu}m$) to surfaces of sound and sclerotic dentin sections for 1 second with contact/unidirectional moving mode of the fiber under speed of 3mm~4mm/sec and parameters of 0.5W/10Hz, 1.0W/10Hz, 1.5W/10Hz, 2.0W/10Hz: $62J/cm^2$, $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$. The author comparatively evaluated the characteristics of ultrastructural changes on surfaces of sound and sclerotic dentin sections irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser using the scanning electron microscopy. A fairly ill-defined bordered surface of partially closed and melted dentinal tubules can be seen on the scanning electron microscopic feature of the sound dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser with energy density of $62J/cm^2$. The physical modification of sound dentin surface extensively occurred depended on the increase of energy density from $62J/cm^2$ to $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$. While, a fairly well-defined bordered surface of partially closed and melted dentinal tubules with thickened peritubular dentin can be seen on the scanning electron microscopic feature of the sclerotic dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser with energy density of $62J/cm^2$. The physical modification of sclerotic dentin surface of a fairly rough, shallow depression with many cracks, thickened peritubular dentin and structureless dentinal tubules extensively occurred depended on the increase of energy density from $62J/cm^2$ to $124J/cm^2$, $187J/cm^2$, $249J/cm^2$ compared to those of sound dentin surface irradiated by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser under the same parameters. Therefore, it is recommended that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser as a therapeutic modality to dentinal hypersensitivity should be applied with the less energy density than $62J/cm^2$ on the sound dentin surface, and its energy density on the partially sclerotic dentin surface should be lower than that on the sound dentin surface to preserve tooth from unnecessary excessive structural destruction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.25-44
• /
• 2011

KAERI has been operating an integral effect test facility, ATLAS (Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation), for accident simulations of advanced PWRs. Regarding integral effect tests, a database for major design basis accidents has been accumulated and a Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) exercise using the ATLAS has been proposed and successfully performed. The ATLAS DSP aims at the effective utilization of an integral effect database obtained from the ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperative framework in the domestic nuclear industry, better understanding of thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation of the potential limitations of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. For the first ATLAS DSP exercise (DSP-01), integral effect test data for a 100% DVI line break accident of the APR1400 was selected by considering its technical importance and by incorporating comments from participants. Twelve domestic organizations joined in this DSP-01 exercise. Finally, ten of these organizations submitted their calculation results. This ATLAS DSP-01 exercise progressed as an open calculation; the integral effect test data was delivered to the participants prior to the code calculations. The MARS-KS was favored by most participants but the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code was also used by a few participants. This paper presents all the information of the DSP-01 exercise as well as the comparison results between the calculations and the test data. Lessons learned from the first DSP-01 are presented and recommendations for code users as well as for developers are suggested.