• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2017

본 연구는 사물인터넷과 스마트홈 시대의 도래를 맞아 에너지 기업과 소비자 간 실시간 의사소통 도구로 기대되고 있는 스마트 기기개발을 위해 소비자의 효율적 에너지 소비를 유도하는 데 효과적인 정보는 무엇인지 알아보고자 했다. 총 105명의 미국 성인들을 대상으로 에너지 소비 수준에 따라(평균 초과 혹은 미달) 그리고 추가적인 정보의 프레임에 따라 (경제/안보/환경/건강) 총 8가지 버전의 설문을 진행한 결과, 에너지 미달조건의 소비자들이 초과조건 소비자에 비해 환경문제를 더 걱정하는 것으로 나타났다. 초과조건에서는 경제 프레임 추가정보를 받은 소비자들이 다른 프레임의 정보를 받은 소비자들에 비해 에너지 절약 행동을 실행할 의사가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 미달조건에서는 경제와 안보 프레임정보를 받은 사람들이 지구온난화에 대해 더 우려하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 소비자의 에너지 소비량에 맞춰 관련정보를 어떤 콘텐츠로 제공하느냐에 따라 소비자의 에너지 절약 의사와 환경문제에 대한 관심도가 달라질 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과는 에너지 소비 관련 스마트기기 개발에 있어 전문가들이 참고할만한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 더 나아가 한국 소비자들을 대상으로 에너지 소비에 대한 문화차를 탐색하는 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 4-month milk consumption in the prevention of osteoporosis in elderly women living in Asan. Subjects included 277 women age over 65 years were divided into control (n=111) and milk (n=166) groups. For those in the milk group, one cup (200ml) of partially lactose-digested low-fat milk was provided everyday for 4 months. Each subject was interviewed to assess food intake by 24-h recall method before and after milk supplementation. Prevalence of osteoporosis was determined by WHO criteria with calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) on left heel. After 4 months, the nutrient intake levels of control did not change while intakes of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorous, riboflavin, pyridoxin, niacin and folic acid were significantly increased in milk group. No significant changes were observed in anthropometric, and BMD in both control and milk groups. T-score of milk group, however, was significantly increased after 4 month milk consumption. Prevalence of osteoporosis was increased (27% to 32%) in control group while that of milk group was decreased (32% to 30%). When BMD and t-score changes after 4 months of milk consumption were compared between those with low baseline calcium intake and high calcium intake subjects in the milk group, BMD and t-score were significantly improved in the low baseline calcium intake group. We conclude that one cup a day milk consumption for a relatively short period of 4 months can prevent further bone loss and significantly improve intakes of both macro and micro-nutrients of elderly women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2003

Middle and high school students in Korea spend a lot of time at school. In other words, many Korean teenagers spend most of their time studying, and have little time for other activities, such as physical workouts. Fewer physical activities, and consumption of many snacks, etc. may lead to overweight or obesity in some teenagers. This study was conducted to find out the activity levels of teenagers' in order to calculate their daily energy expenditures. A total of 1,192 students (461 middle school students and 731 high school students) who lives in either a city or a country area were recruited for this study. One-day Activity Diaries were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by means of SPSS /win. The participating students spent about 7 hours 24 minutes resting including sleeping; 6 hours 28 minutes studying ,4 hours 4 minutes in leisure activities , 1 hour 32 minutes in personal hygiene activities such as washing, dressing and undressing, etc., 50 minutes on transportation : and 23 minutes on household chores such as cleaning, doing the laundry, etc. The average activity factor was 1.49. That of middle school female students was the lowest at 1.47, followed by middle school male students at 1.48, high school female students at 1.49, and high school male students at 1.51. The daily energy expenditure of middle and high school male students was 2,289 kcal and 2,600 kcal, respectively. That of female students was 1,959 kcal and 2,067 kcal, respectively.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

This study aims at investigating the benefit of actively controlling humidity to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency in climate zones other than hot-dry. For this research purpose, three thermal control strategies, which adopted different initiative degrees in humidity control, were developed - i) temperature controls, ii) temperature and humidity controls, and iii) thermal sensation controls. Performance of the developed strategies were experimentally tested in a full scale mock up of an office environment. The study revealed that air temperature was better controlled in the occupied zone under the first two strategies than the thermal sensation based strategy. On the other hand, the thermal sensation-based strategy maintained thermal sensation levels more comfortably. In addition, energy consumption was significantly reduced when humidity was actively controlled for thermal comfort. The thermal sensation-based control strategy consumed significantly less electricity than the first two strategies. From these findings, this study indicated that adoption of an active humidity control system based on thermal sensation can provide increased thermal comfort as well as energy savings for summer seasons in climatic zones other than hot-dry.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 1988

This is a close relationship between energy consumption and the way in which we develop and manage our regions. This study has estimated and compared energy requirements for the journey to work, resulting from alternative population and employment growth patterns in a rural-urban regional settlement of Korea. The broad scope of work was as follows: i) Select the study area ii) Formulate alternative growth patterns iii) Develop the Hansen and double-constrained gravity model iv) Application of Vogel's approximation method and the developed Hansen and gravity model to the case study area. v) Analyze the relationship between spatial structure, transport energy-requirements and environmental pollution. At issue here is the trade-off between air pollution averages and variations. Policies concentrating manufacturing industry and other regional facilities, for instance, may indeed reduce average pollution levels at the benefit of less-car miles, thus, reducing auto pollution, in the region, but increase local pollution peaks.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.709-719
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• 2022

Recently, as the importance of environmental protection has emerged, interest in new and renewable energy is also increasing worldwide. In particular, the solar energy sector accounts for the highest production rate among new and renewable energy in Korea due to its infinite resources, easy installation and maintenance, and eco-friendly characteristics such as low noise emission levels and less pollutants during power generation. However, although climate prediction is essential since solar power is affected by weather and climate change, solar radiation, which is closely related to solar power, is not currently forecasted by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Solar radiation prediction can be the basis for establishing a reasonable new and renewable energy operation plan, and it is very important because it can be used not only in solar power but also in other fields such as power consumption prediction. Therefore, this study was conducted for the purpose of improving the accuracy of solar radiation. Solar radiation was predicted by a total of three weather variables, temperature, humidity, and cloudiness, and solar radiation outside the atmosphere, and the results were compared using various models. The CatBoost model was best obtained by fitting and comparing the Boosting series (XGB, CatBoost) and RNN series (Simple RNN, LSTM, GRU) models. In addition, the results were further improved through Time series cross-validation.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common causes of death in elderly Koreans, and HDL-cholesterol is known to have a pivotal role in protecting against CVD. This study was undertaken to study the relationships between plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical factors in elderly Koreans. The 102 subjects, who were over 60 years old, were classified into two groups based on their plasma HDL-cholesterol levels: a risk group with plasma HDL-cholesterol < 40mg/dl in men or HDL-cholesterol < 50mg/d1 in women, and a control group with higher HDL-cholesterol levels. The subjects' mean intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E, and folate did not meet the Korean RDA for elderly people. Vitamin $B_2$ and folate intakes were significantly lower (p<0.l) in the risk group compared to the control group. The consumption of seaweed was significantly lower (p<0.05), and fish intake was 33% lower, in the risk group compared to the control group. Subjects in the risk group showed a higher BMI, waist/hip ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, and % body fat, compared to control subjects. Plasma triglyceride levels and values of the atherogenic index were significantly higher (p<0.00l) in risk group subjects. Significant negative correlations between HDL-cholesterol level and plasma triglyceride level (r= 0.37), and values of the atherogenic index (r=-0.74), were found. In summary, subjects with low levels of HDL-cholesterol were found to have relatively low intakes of vitamin B$_2$, folate, and seaweed, and higher levels of the CVD risk factors: body fat, plasma TG, and AI. These results suggest that plasma HDL-cholesterol levels can be modified by dietary, anthropometric, and hematological means.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 남자대학생 30명, 여자대학생 70명으로 총 100명을 대상으로 하여 김치섭취량에 따른 신체계측 식습관 식품섭취실태 및 혈중지질 농도와의 관련성에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 김치섭취빈도조사지를 이용하여 조사대상자를 김치섭취량이 50 g 미만인 군과 50 g 이상인 군으로 나누었다. 조사대상자들의 신체계측 및 생화학적 검사에서는 김치섭취량이 50 g 이상인 군이 50 g 미만인 군보다 체지방량, BMI 및 혈압이 낮게 측정되고 HDL-콜레스테롤은 높게 측정되었지만 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 남 여학생 모두 김치섭취량이 50 g 이상인 군이 50 g 미만인 군보다 소변으로 배설되는 나트륨량이 유의적으로 많았다. 식습관을 살펴 본 결과 김치섭취량이 50 g 이상인 군의 경우 남학생에 있어 '균형잡힌 식사를 합니까?'(p<0.05), '김치를 제외한 채소류를 매일 먹습니까?'(p<0.05)의 항목에 대한 점수가 50 g 미만인 군보다 높았다. 반면에 '우유를 매일 먹습니까?'에 대한 항목에 대해서는 남 여학생 모두 50 g 미만인 군보다 점수가 낮았으나 유의성은 없었다. 식품섭취빈도에서는 김치섭취량이 많을수록 남학생은 쌀(p<0.05)의 섭취가, 여학생은 라면(p<0.01)의 섭취빈도가 높은데 반하여, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취빈도는 남 여학생 모두 낮았다. 조사대상자의 영양소섭취량을 살펴본 결과 성별에 관계없이 김치섭취량이 50g 이상인 군이 50 g 미만인 군보다 일일 에너지섭취량이 높았으며, 탄수화물 및 식이섬유소 섭취량도 높았으나 유의성은 없었다. 김치섭취량과 신체계측, 혈액검사, 식품섭취빈도, 식습관 간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 남학생과 여학생 모두 김치섭취량이 많을수록 HDL-콜레스테롤이 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 체지방 및 BMI, 혈당은 감소하는 음의 상관관계를 보였으나 유의적 차이는 없었다. 혈중지질농도와 관련된 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤은 남 여학생 모두 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 중성지방은 남학생의 경우 양의 상관관계를, 여학생의 경우 음의 상관관계를 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 김치섭취량과 쌀 및 채소류의 섭취빈도는 남학생(p<0.05)과 여학생 모두 양의 상관관계를 보였지만, 우유 및 유제품에서는 음의 상관관계를 보였고 유의성은 없었다. 본 연구는 건강한 대학생을 대상으로 한 단면연구이기에 김치섭취량과 혈중지질농도, 신체계측치와의 관계를 밝히는 데는 한계가 있었다. 앞으로 연구대상자의 범위를 성인으로 확대한 종단적 연구를 통하여 김치 섭취량과 건강요인과의 관계를 규명할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the 12 college volleyball player's food behavior, nutrient intakes, and their serum lipid levels during the periods of training and detraining and to provide basic data for an effective program for the volleyball players during the period of detraining after the game season. The results were summarized as follows : The total daily energy intake of the players was $3,363{\pm}339kcal and 3,692{\pm}499kcal$ during the periods of the training and detraining, respectively. During the training period, daily intakes of protein, calcium and vitamin A, and $B_2$ were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for the players. During the detraining period, the players' daily intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were even lower. However, the consumption of alcohol was dramatically increased during the period of detraining. The levels of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein were significantly increased during the detraining period. Basal metabolic rates were significantly increased after the training period and diastolic pressure was decreased during the detraining period. In conclusion, out results suggest that the detraining of volleyball players for 10 days after intensive training, negatively affects their food behavior and serum lipid concentrations. Therefore, for the improvement of performance for the next game season, a planned program for the players' detraining period should be developed.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

In ad hoc network, the scarce energy management of the mobile devices has become a critical issue in order to extend the network lifetime. Therefore, the energy consumption is important in the routing design, otherwise cluster schemes are efficient in energy conserving. For the above reasons, an Energy conserving Context aware Clustering algorithm (ECC) is proposed to establish the network clustering structure, and a routing algorithm is introduced to choose the Optimal Energy Routing Protocol (OERP) path in this paper. Because in ad hoc network, the topology, nodes residual energy and energy consuming rate are dynamic changing. The network system should react continuously and rapidly to the changing conditions, and make corresponding action according different conditions. So we use the context aware computing to actualize the cluster head node, the routing path choosing. In this paper, we consider a novel routing protocol using the cluster schemes to find the optimal energy routing path based on a special topology structure of Resilient Ontology Multicasting Routing Protocol (RODMRP). The RODMRP is one of the hierarchical ad hoc network structure which combines the advantage of the tree based and the mesh based network. This scheme divides the nodes in different level found on the node energy condition, and the clustering is established based on the levels. This protocol considered the residual energy of the nodes and the total consuming energy ratio on the routing path to get the energy efficiently routing. The proposed networks scheme could get better improve the awareness for data to achieve and performance on their clustering establishment and messages transmission. Also, by using the context aware computing, according to the condition and the rules defined, the sensor nodes could adjust their behaviors correspondingly to improve the network routing.