• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

This study analyzed the standard school's energy usage and patterns as the zero-energy goal of primary school building, and proposed the energy reduction process of school building using energy analysis computing simulation tool. As a analysis simulation tool, Visual DOE 4.0 is used. For analysis of actual energy usage, selected primary school that is standard in the nation's energy consumption. Standard of the school's energy consumption analysis were devided into electric and gas energy. Input parameters of the simulation program based on the literature material and field survey material. after, but it was calibrated to comparison with the standard school's energy consumption. Finally, its energy usage analyzed by component and made the priority order of energy saving. Applied energy saving technologies are envelopment insulation, high efficiency lighting, high performance HAVC system and used active equipment system of solar collector and photovoltaic generation for additional savings.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06e
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• pp.147-150
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• 2000

Manual and predictive defrosting method is used in current refrigerators, which have several problems in terms of energy consumption and efficiency. fuming the defrosting system on by the amount of frost remains to be an important problem which has to be improved by refrigerator manufacturers. The sensing of the amount of frost by FDS(Frost Detecting Sensor) and its proper mounting point are investigated in the paper. Also the realization of actual defrosting system through experiments of operation, energy consumption and sensing mechanism is presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.539-549
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• 2007

To establish effective and prompt measures for energy conservation in public wastewater treatment plants in Korea, energy consumption rates in 233 utilities in 9 provinces and 7 metropolitan cities are investigated and compared to the rest of the world. Mean load factor for wastewater treatment utilities is 74.9% and those for influent pumps and aeration blowers are 56.2% and 61.0%, respectively. Mean electrical energy usages as the key performance indicators are $0.243kWh/m^3$ for overall sewage treatments and 2.07 kWh per unit kg BOD removal. Digester gas as one of major byproducts in the process amounts to $382,000m^3/day$ nationwide. While major part of the digester gas is used for sludge heating, only 7.3% of the gas is utilized for electricity generation. Both efficiencies for BOD removal and digestion gas generation are considerably lower than those in USA and EU utilities due to low concentration of organic material in influent wastewater. Such low energy regeneration, in turn, results in significantly higher energy consumption in Korean plants, compared to that in USA and EU ones.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Nowadays, reduction of energy use in buildings is a big issue, especially in public buildings like schools. The building structure is very simple in that, the room size, schedule and user number is similar across different schools. There are many policies which are suitable for this kind of buildings. Investigation of energy consumption pattern in primary school, middle school and high school in different cities of Korea has been done in this paper using statistical data from national organization and the data from IBM and Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education, aimed at providing the basic data for the development of energy efficiency improvement policies of educational facilities. The study was divided according to climate, energy source type and public or private school, as different cities have different climates and accordingly different amount of energy sources are used. It was observed that, the average energy consumption in primary school is $36.9kWh/m^2$, in middle school is $20.5kWh/m^2$ and in high school $27.4kWh/m^2$. As further analysis, monthly energy consumption pattern has been analyzed for one city.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea is showing a lot of interest in net zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) to reduce energy consumption of military facilities and to promote green growth policy in military sector. The application of building passive technologies and renewable energies is essential to achieving NZEBs. This paper analyzed energy performance and energy cost on the conventional heating and cooling system (baseline scenario) and three different alternative scenarios (ALT 1, ALT 2 and ALT 3) applied in a hypothetical military building. A building modeling and simulation software (DesignBuilder V6.1) with EnergyPlus calculation engine was used to calculate the energy consumption for each scenario. Overall, when the GSHPs are applied to both space airconditioning and domestic hot water (DHW) production, Alt-2 and Alt-3, the amount of energy consumption for target building can be greatly reduced. In addition, when the building envelope performance is increased like Alt-3, the energy consumption can be further reduced. The annual energy cost analysis showed that the baseline was approximately 161 million KRW, while Alt-3 was approximately 33 million KRW. Therefore, it was analyzed that the initial construction cost increase could be recovered within about 6.7 years for ALT 3. The results of this study can help decision-makers to determine the optimal strategy for implementing GSHP systems in military buildings through energy performance and initial construction cost assessment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.2302-2324
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• 2014

Cluster-based wireless sensor network (WSN) can significantly reduce the energy consumption by data aggregation and has been widely used in WSN applications. However, due to the intrinsic many-to-one traffic pattern in WSN, the network lifetime is generally deteriorated by the unbalanced energy consumption in a cluster-based WSN. Therefore, energy efficiency and network lifetime improvement are two crucial and challenging issues in cluster-based WSNs. In this paper, we propose a Non-Uniform Node Distribution (NUND) scheme to improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime in cluster-based WSNs. Specifically, we first propose an analytic model to analyze the energy consumption and the network lifetime of the cluster-based WSNs. Based on the analysis results, we propose a node distribution algorithm to maximize the network lifetime with a fixed number of sensor nodes in cluster-based WSNs. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the theoretical analysis results determined by the proposed analytic model are consistent with the simulation results, and the NUND can significantly improve the energy efficiency and network lifetime.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1618-1637
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• 2014

Clustering wireless sensor network is an efficient way to reduce the energy consumption of individual nodes in a cluster. In clustering, multihop routing techniques increase the load of the Cluster head near the sink. This unbalanced load on the Cluster head increases its energy consumption, thereby Cluster heads die faster and create an energy hole problem. In this paper, we propose an Energy Balancing Cluster Head (EBCH) in wireless sensor network. At First, we balance the intra cluster load among the cluster heads, which results in nonuniform distribution of nodes over an unequal cluster size. The load received by the Cluster head in the cluster distributes their traffic towards direct and multihop transmission based on the load distribution ratio. Also, we balance the energy consumption among the cluster heads to design an optimum load distribution ratio. Simulation result shows that this approach guarantees to increase the network lifetime, thereby balancing cluster head energy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2012

Lately, the scale of the primary energy consumption in Korea is ranked 10th in the world, and it takes up about 1.9% of the entire energy consumption in the world. And among total energy consumption in Korea, the ratio of the part corresponding to the residence or commercial buildings is about 30.5%. Also, with the increased interest in eco-friendly buildings, the production of eco-friendly building materials consisting of them also increases as well. However, since the process of their production generates much energy consumption, so this is being raised as a social problem. Therefore, this study suggests a method to improve thermal performance by using eco-friendly earth plastering materials and natural materials in order to reduce energy consumption in buildings. The experiment evaluated thermal performance by measuring the external and internal temperature of the curing after the plastering of 1cm in the wooden box of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm. As a result, there was difference in the order of powdered coal, pealite, chaff, and rice straw. Among them, powdered coal indicated excellent thermal performance. This will be the foundational research used to improve interior environment and reduce heating bills.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1312-1320
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• 2022

The earlier studies have analyzed theoretical links between nuclear energy and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions concerning territorial (or production-based) emissions. Here using the latest available dataset, this study explores the impacts of nuclear energy on production-based and consumption-based CO₂ emission in the era of globalization for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The Driscoll-Kraay regression method reveals that nuclear energy is beneficial for the reduction of production-based CO₂ emissions. However, it is revealed that nuclear energy does not reduce consumption-based CO₂ emissions that are traded internationally and hence not comprised in conventional production-based emissions (territory) inventories. Globalization tends to reduce both production-based and demand-based carbon emissions. Finally, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is validated for both kinds of CO₂ emissions. The findings may deliver practical policy implications related to nuclear energy and CO₂ emissions for selected countries.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2022

Smart power grid is a user friendly system that transforms the traditional electric grid to the one that operates in a co-operative and reliable manner. Demand Response (DR) is one of the important components of the smart grid. The DR programs enable the end user participation by which they can communicate with the electricity service provider and shape their daily energy consumption patterns and reduce their consumption costs. The increasing demands of electricity owing to growing population stresses the need for optimal usage of electricity and also to look out alternative and cheap renewable sources of electricity. The solar and wind energy are the promising sources of alternative energy at present because of renewable nature and low cost implementation. The proposed work models a smart home with renewable energy units. The random nature of the renewable sources like wind and solar energy brings an uncertainty to the model developed. A stochastic dual descent optimization method is used to bring optimality to the developed model. The proposed work is validated using the simulation results. From the results it is concluded that proposed work brings a balanced usage of the grid power and the renewable energy units. The work also optimizes the daily consumption pattern thereby reducing the consumption cost for the end users of electricity.