• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.49-63
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• 1999

This research utilized the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS) and the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in the analysis of chemical elements present among the textiles exhumed from Kupori Hwasung-kun Kyunggi-do. The two research objectives were: first to examine the elements present and their percent presence in Kupori samples: second to investigate whether the elements are part of mordant substances which could have been used when dyeing the KUpori textiles in the past. To meet such research purposes standard silk fabric was dyed with Sophorajaponica using alum and iron mordants. For alum mordant unpurified general alum and potassium aluminum sulfate(AlK(SO4)2). iron sulfate(FeSO4·7H2O) were used, From the results of EDS and ICP-Mass analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1 According to the EDS analysis 9 elements Ca, S, Al, Si, K, Fe, P, Mg and Na were detected. 2. ICP-Mass result of the mordant chemicas showed high amount of A, Al and k present in alum mordants and S and Fe present in iron mordants. 3. Comparison of the ICP-Mass results of the mordant chemicals and those of the standard dyed samples suggested that the amount presence of Al and Fe is a strong indication of the usage of alum and iron mordants respecticely in an unknown dyed textile. 4, In the washed Kupori textiles Fe showed a relatively higher rate of presence in the samples Therefore it can be conjectured that those Kupori textiles were dyed with iron mordant based on the result of the above number 3. 5. It is probable that the other elements detected from the Kupori samples were incorporated into the textiles as part of the soil debris produced from the degradation of the dead within the coffin or the earth debris. They can also be part of the inorganic compounds inherent in the silk textiles themselves before dyed. 6. Among the elements it is likely that Ca which showed a high degree of presence among the unwashed samples was part of the inorganic compound inferent in the silk textiles.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare removal torques and surface topography between laser treated and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Laser-treated implants (experimental group) and SLA-treated implants (control group) 8 mm in length and 3.4 mm in diameter were inserted into both sides of the tibiae of 12 rabbits. Surface analysis was accomplished using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; Hitachi S-4800; Japan) under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Surface components were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Rabbits were sacrificed after a 6-week healing period. The removal torque was measured using the MGT-12 digital torque meter (Mark-10 Co., Copiague, NY, USA). RESULTS. In the experimental group, the surface analysis showed uniform porous structures under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Pore sizes in the experimental group were 20-40 mm and consisted of numerous small pores, whereas pore sizes in the control group were 0.5-2.0 mm. EDS analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean removal torque in the laser-treated and the SLA-treated implant groups were 79.4 Ncm (SD = 20.4; range 34.6-104.3 Ncm) and 52.7 Ncm (SD = 17.2; range 18.7-73.8 Ncm), respectively. The removal torque in the laser-treated surface implant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=.004). CONCLUSION. In this study, removal torque values were significantly higher for laser-treated surface implants than for SLA-treated surface implants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.617-621
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• 2009

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were grown on the pre-oxidized silicon substrate with the assistance of Au and the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) based on the catalysts by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis. Two types of ZnO powder particle size, 20nm, $20{\mu}m$, were used as a source material, respectively The properties of the nanorods such as morphological characteristics, chemical composition and crystalline properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The particle size of ZnO source strongly affected the growth of ZnO nanostructures as well as the crystallographic structure. All the ZnO nanostructures are hexagonal and single crystal in nature. It is found that $1030^{\circ}C$ is a suitable optimum growth temperature and 20 nm is a optimum ZnO powder particle size. Nanorods were fabricated on the FTO deposition with large electronegativity and we found that the electric potential of nanorods rises as the ratio of current rises, there is direct relationship with the catalysts, Therefore, it was considered that Sn can be the alternative material of Au in the formation of ZnO nanostructures.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The necessity of exploration in deep sea increases to develop the natural resources. The deep marine sediments, which were recovered from the hydrate occurrence regions during the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate Expedition 2 (UBGH2), East Sea, Korea in 2010, are explored to obtain the geotechnical characteristics and strength parameters. The index properties of the specimens including the atterberg limits, specific surface, and particle size distribution are measured and compared with the previous studies. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy are conducted to analyze the clay mineralogy, chemical composition, and microstructure of the sediments. Strength parameters and shear wave velocities are measured with the axial strain by using an instrumented triaxial device. The strength parameters estimated by empirical equations are compared with the experimental results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2018

Background: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPDD) is a rare disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It forms a calcified crystal mass and induces a limitation of joint movement. Case presentation: The calcified mass in our case was occupied in the left TMJ area and extended to the infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. For a complete excision of this mass, we performed a vertical ramus osteotomy and resected the mass around the mandibular condyle. The calcified mass in the infratemporal fossa was carefully excised, and the segmented mandible was anatomically repositioned. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis was performed to evaluate the calcified mass. The result of SEM/EDS showed that the crystal mass was completely composed of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This result strongly suggested that the calcified mass was CPDD in the TMJ area. Conclusions: CPDD in the TMJ is a rare disease and is difficult to differentially diagnose from other neoplasms. A histological examination and quantitative microanalysis are required to confirm the diagnosis. In our patient, CPDD in the TMJ was successfully removed via the extracorporeal approach. SEM/EDS microanalysis was used for the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.547-553
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• 2013

Zirconium oxide ($ZrO_2$) nano porous membranes were fabricated by electrochemical two-step anodization with an electropolished zirconium substrate in inorganic water-based and organic electrolyte systems containing small amounts of fluoride. Using two-step anodization and organic electrolytes, highly regular and ordered nanotubular $ZrO_2$ oxide layers can be compared with aqueous electrolytes. The morphology and size of the nano porous layers were characterized by FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Luminescence properties were investigated by photoluminescence measurements.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to produce resin prosthetics using a dental barrel finishing machine. For dental resin grinding, the ingredients of the barrel finishing media were analyzed, and surface residues of the resin were observed. Methods: Two types of barrel finishing media for dental resin grinding were tested. Specimens were made from thermal polymerized, auto polymerized, and photopolymerized resins. Finishing media were analyzed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) component analysis and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) component analysis. Then, the prepared specimen was barrel finished for 25 minutes using two types of barrel finishing media, and scanning electron microscope was photographed to observe the surface residues. Results: As a result of EDS component analysis, both types of finishing media were analyzed for the components of C, O, Zr and Al elements, and industry media (IM) was further analyzed for the components of Si and Mg elements. In the ICP-OES component analysis, Cd and As, which are harmful elements, were detected in IM, and no harmful elements were detected in manufacturing media (MM). Because of observation of surface residues, no residues were observed in the three types of resin specimens that were barrel finished with two types of finishing media. Conclusion: Surface residue wasn't observed on the specimens polished using two types of finishing media. However, in IM, Cd and As, which are harmful elements, were detected, making it inappropriate for clinical use. In MM, harmful elements were not detected; therefore, clinical use will be possible.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2022

Objectives: The Korean Industrial Standard (KS) for sterile acupuncture needles was established in 2009 based on research on the quality control of acupuncture needles. We aimed to determine the quality of acupuncture needles available in South Korea in 2021 by examining their surface condition and chemical composition using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Methods: In South Korea, there are 23 brands of acupuncture needles, and we examined 10-15 needles from each brand, resulting in a total of 285 needles. The microstructures of the needles were assessed by SEM. Using SEM images, we evaluated the acupuncture needle tips for the following defects/aspects: scratches, lumps, detached coating, bent tip, and tip sharpness. EDS was used to determine the chemical composition of the selected acupuncture needles. Results: Overall, 88.4% of 285 needles were found to have at least one type of abnormality. The most frequently observed abnormalities were scratches and dents on the surface (68.1%), followed by detached coating (63.2%), and lumps (61.8%); blunt tips were observed in about 24% of them. Of 252 needles with at least one defect, 86.9% had two or more types of defects. The ratio of the number of needles with any defect to that of needles without any defect varied among brands, ranging from 50% to 100%. Regarding foreign materials, higher proportions of Si and O were observed on the needles, indicating incomplete or detached silicone coating. Conclusion: The quality of acupuncture needles varied among brands, suggesting that further improvements can be made through various inspection methods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2024

The exact mechanism of sialolith formation has yet to be determined. Recurrence of sialolithiasis is rare, affecting only 1%-10% of patients. The current study presents a case of recurrent stones that occurred twice on the right submandibular gland 6 months postoperative and 7 months after reoperation in a 48-year-old female patient. The stones were analyzed using histology, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The first stone showed a three-layered structure with a poorly mineralized peripheral multilayered zone, highly mineralized middle layer, and the central nidus. The stones were composed of Ca, C, O, Cu, F, N, P, Si, Zn, and Zr. In TEM, compact bi-layered bacterial cell membrane was found on the peripheral layer and the central nidus of the stone as well as exosomes in the central nidus. The results demonstrated the essential components of sialolith formation, including bacteria, inflammatory exosomes, and exfoliated salivary epithelial cells that cooperatively underwent the pathogenetic progresses of central nidus formation, induction of compact zone calcification of the middle layer, and repeated subsequent deposition in the peripheral multilayer zone. The rapid recurrence could have resulted from residual pieces of a sialolith acting as the nidus of bacterial infection.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2016

The light harvesting efficiency is counted as an important factor in the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs. There are two measures to improve this parameter, including enhancing the dye-loading capacity and increasing the light trapping in the photoanode structure. In this paper, these tasks are addressed by introducing a macro-porous silicon (PSi) substrate as photoanode. The effects of the novel photoanode structure on the DSSC performance have been investigated by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, photocurrent-voltage, UV-visible spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results indicated that bigger porosity percentage of the PSi structure improved the both anti-reflective/light-trapping and dye-loading capacity properties. PSi based DSSCs own higher power conversion efficiency due to its remarkable higher photocurrent, open circuit voltage, and fill factor. Percent porosity of 64%, PSi(III), resulted in nearly 50 percent increment in power conversion efficiency compared with conventional DSSC. This paper showed that PSi can be a good candidate for the improvement of light harvesting efficiency in DSSCs. Furthermore, this study can be considered a valuable reference for more investigations in the design of multifunctional devices which will profit from integrated on-chip solar power.