• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

This paper proposes a PFC converter with a double step-up function using an asymmetrical PWM scheme. For the conventional PWM scheme, the input voltage range, which maintains a double step-up function, is limited because the proposed converter has different voltage gains and characteristics when the duty ratio(D) is less than 0.5. The proposed converter has a constant voltage gain regardless of the magnitude of the input voltage and can achieve output voltage balancing by using the asymmetrical PWM scheme. A 1.6-kW prototype of the proposed converter was built and tested to verify the performance.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2008년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.1 (A)
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• pp.249-250
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• 2008

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.686-695
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• 1988

An algorithm and a computer program were developed for the operational simulation of office building cooling system. Using this computer program, the following results were obtained. ${\bullet}$ There is a critical number of coil rows in AHU with which the cooling system can be operated in maximum efficiency. ${\bullet}$ Energy conservation can be achieved in an office building through TAB(Testing Adjusting and Balancing) of zone air volumes.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2018

UDN is expected to be a type of network capable of satisfying the requirements various 5G services, such as the peak data rate, connection density, and area traffic capacity. Technical challenges for 5G UDN, such as interference management, resource management, mobility management, load balancing, and energy efficiency are discussed. In addition, candidate technologies for solving these challenges, and their related standardization trends, are summarized in this article.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 노드 당 소비 전력의 균형을 달성하기 위해 네트워크 수명의 최적 경로 탐색 과정을 달성하기 위한 효율적인 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안 프로토콜은 각 중간 노드가 전력 레벨 및 자식 노드의 분기 수를 유지하고 노드에 가장 가까운 이웃 노드로 데이터를 전송한다. 제안 프로토콜은 클러스터내에 존재하는 싱크의 수명을 연장시키기 위해서 각 노드의 에너지 소비를 최소화 한다. 또한, 제안 프로토콜은 노드의 잔류 에너지와 기지국과의 거리를 기준으로 인접한 중계 노드를 선택한다. 실험 결과, 제안 프로토콜은 기존 프로토콜에 비해 네트워크 내 잔존하는 노드들의 수명을 7.5 % 의 높였다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

Clustering allows hierarchical structures to be built on the nodes and enables more efficient use of scarce resources, such as frequency spectrum, bandwidth, and energy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper proposes a hierarchical clustering algorithm called EEHC which is more energy efficient than existing algorithms for WSNs, It introduces region node selection as well as cluster head election based on the residual battery capacity of nodes to reduce the costs of managing sensor nodes and of the communication among them. The role of cluster heads or region nodes is rotated among nodes to achieve load balancing and extend the lifetime of every individual sensor node. To do this, EEHC clusters periodically to select cluster heads that are richer in residual energy level, compared to the other nodes, according to clustering policies from administrators. To prove the performance improvement of EEHC, the ns-2 simulator was used. The results show that it can reduce the energy and bandwidth consumption for organizing and managing WSNs comparing it with existing algorithms.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

최근 인공위성의 에너지 저장 매체로서 리튬-이온 배터리가 각광을 받는 추세이다. 리튬-이온 배터리는 다른 화학적 특성을 가지는 배터리들에 비해 높은 작동 전압과 큰 용량을 가지면서 부피도 작기 때문에 위성의 eclipse 기간 동안 위성에 전력을 공급하는 데에 매우 효과적이다. 위성에 전력을 공급하기 위한 에너지 저장 장치로서 리튬-이온 배터리를 사용하기 위해서는 하나의 cell이 아닌 다중 cell을 직렬 연결해서 사용해야 한다. 그러나 cell 간의 미소한 내부저항 차이 때문에 cell 전압의 언밸런스 (Unbalance)가 야기되고 충전 시 저항이 낮은 cell이 과 충전 되어 전지 용량이 급격히 저하되고 이로 인해 배터리의 수명이 줄어들게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Fly-back topology를 이용하여 다중 cell을 직렬 연결할 때 각 cell간의 전압 편차를 줄여주는 전압안정화 회로를 구현하였으며, prototype 제작 및 시험을 통해 배터리의 전압이 균일해지는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.775-785
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• 2015

Many equalization circuits have been proposed to improve pack performance and reduce imbalance. Although bidirectional equalization topologies are promising in these methods, pre-equalization global equalization strategy is lacking. This study proposes a novel state-of-charge (SoC) equalization algorithm for bidirectional equalizer based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is employed to find optimal equalization time and steps. The working principle of bidirectional equalization topologies is analyzed, and the reason behind the application of SoC as a balancing criterion is explained. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, a pack with 12 LiFePO4 batteries is applied in the experiment. Results show that the maximum SoC gap is within 2% after equalization, and the available pack capacity is enhanced by 13.2%. Furthermore, a comparison between previously used methods and the proposed PSO equalization algorithm is presented. Experimental tests are performed, and results show that the proposed PSO equalization algorithm requires fewer steps and is superior to traditional methods in terms of equalization time, energy loss, and balancing performance.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.609-613
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• 2016

전기자동차 배터리 셀들 간의 불균형 충전 문제를 해결하기 위해, 직병렬 하이브리드 충전 구조를 개발하였다. 이 방법은 직렬 부분에 의해 주 충전이 수행되며 병렬 부분에 의해 밸런싱이 수행되는데, 이 때, 직렬 부분은 부피가 크고 무겁지만 병렬 부분은 직렬 부분보다 작고 가볍다. 개별 배터리 셀 전압을 측정하기 위한 센서 어레이, 듀티비 제어를 포함한 IGBT, 그리고 배터리 관리 시스템은 제안된 시스템의 핵심 요소이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.513-529
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• 1999

A concept of hierarchical modeling, the newest modeling technology, has been introduced in early 1990's. This new technology has a great potential to advance the capabilities of current computational mechanics. A first step to implement this concept is to construct hierarchical models, a family of mathematical models sequentially connected by a key parameter of the problem under consideration and have different levels in modeling accuracy, and to investigate characteristics in their numerical simulation aspects. Among representative model problems to explore this concept are elastic structures such as beam-, arch-, plate- and shell-like structures because the mechanical behavior through the thickness can be approximated with sequential accuracy by varying the order of thickness polynomials in the displacement or stress fields. But, in the numerical, analysis of hierarchical models, two kinds of errors prevail, the modeling error and the numerical approximation error. To ensure numerical simulation quality, an accurate estimation of these two errors is definitely essential. Here, a local a posteriori error estimator for elastic structures with thin domain such as plate- and shell-like structures is derived using the element residuals and the flux balancing technique. This method guarantees upper bounds for the global error, and also provides accurate local error indicators for two types of errors, in the energy norm. Compared to the classical error estimators using the flux averaging technique, this shows considerably reliable and accurate effectivity indices. To illustrate the theoretical results and to verify the validity of the proposed error estimator, representative numerical examples are provided.