• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2014

Endoglin (also known as CD105 or TGF-${\beta}$ type III receptor) is a co-receptor involved in TGF-${\beta}$ signaling. In atherosclerosis, TGF-${\beta}$ signaling is crucial in regulating disease progression owing to its anti-inflammatory effects as well as its inhibitory effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Endoglin is a regulator of TGF-${\beta}$ signaling, but its role in atherosclerosis has yet to be defined. This review focuses on the roles of the various forms of endoglin in atherosclerosis. The expression of the two isoforms of endoglin (long-form and short-form) is increased in atherosclerotic lesions, and the expression of the soluble forms of endoglin is upregulated in sera of patients with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, long-form endoglin shows an atheroprotective effect via the induction of eNOS expression, while short-form and soluble endoglin enhance atherogenesis by inhibiting eNOS expression and TGF-${\beta}$ signaling. This review summarizes evidence suggesting that the different forms of endoglin have distinct roles in atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

Objectives: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are correlated with tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Endoglin is one of the representative vascular endothelial cell markers. Podoplanin is also a representative marker used in order to detect lymphatic endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the expression of endoglin/podoplanin and clinical variables associated with OSCC progression. Materials and Methods: Paraffin embedded tissue specimens from 21 patients diagnosed with OSCC were used in this study. Ten patients were diagnosed with early clinical stage (I or II) and 11 patients with advanced clinical stage (III or IV) OSCC. Five patients had positive lymph node involvement. Primary antibodies for endoglin and podoplanin were used to perform the immunohistochemical detection of the vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. The expression of endoglin and podoplanin was examined by an image analysis program in the three most highly expressed regions of each specimen. Results: The average endoglin expression was observed to be $1.691{\pm}0.920$ in the advanced stage (III, IV) specimens and $0.797{\pm}0.583$ in the early stage (I, II) specimens (P=0.020). The average expression of podoplanin was $0.286{\pm}0.228$ in the advance stage (III, IV) specimens and $0.374{\pm}0.157$ in the early stage (I, II) specimens (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of endoglin and podoplanin, regardless of whether or not the lymph node was positive. Conclusion: The expression of endoglin was significantly higher in the advanced stage specimens than that in the early stage specimens. Therefore, we concluded that endoglin is a useful molecular marker for use in the evaluation of the progression of OSCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2429-2434
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• 2016

Transforming growth factor-B1 ($TGF-{\beta}1$ )and its coreceptor endoglin (ENG) have been shown to contribute to hepatocellular tumor development and malignant progression. Our aim was to evaluate the serum expression levels of $ENG/TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNAs and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic Egyptian patients. Our study included 77 subjects. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression level of ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$mRNAs. The relative expression ratio of ENG mRNA was 0.82 (0.1 -3.2), 0.66 (0.15-5.3), 0.38(0.007-2.8) and 0.12 (0.00-0.22) and the relative expression ratio of $TGF-{\beta}1$mRNA was 1.4 (0.19 -6.2), 1.2 (0.22-4.3), 1.0 (0.15-4.4) and 0.6 (0.00-2.2) for cirrhotic HCC cirrhotic, HCC only and healthy control groups respectively. Increased ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA gene expression was correlated with TNM clinical stage. The expression ratio in TNM stage III-IV 1.1 (0.07-3.2), 1.55 (0.15-6.2) was statistically significantly higher than that in stage I-II 0.47 (0.007-2.8), 1.0 (0.31-4.4) (P<0.05). Our data suggested that increased ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ gene expression may participate in hepatocarcinogenesis and increased risk of HCC in individuals with cirrhosis. Early screening for evidence of cirrhosis and consideration of ENG and $TGF-{\beta}1$ as targets for therapy and treatment strategies are warranted.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2000

사람 무릎관절 윤활막을 구성하는 윤활세포 중 윤활포식세포(phagocytic synovial cell, type A cell)의 기원에 대한 논의는 형태적으로 큰포식세포의 모습을 하고 있는 단핵포식체 계 (mononuclear phagocyte system)의 한 일부로서 아마도 골수(bone marrow)에서 기원되어졌을 것이라고 알려져 있다. 기능적으로도 LCA, HLA-DR과 Ia 항원에 양성반응을 보여 큰포식세포의 일부로 알려졌으나 아직 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 CD14와 활성화된 큰포식세포의 표지물로 알려진 CD105(endoglin)를 이용하여 윤활포식세포의 세포 내 발현부위를 규명하고, 기능적으로 활성화된 큰포식세포와 포식작용의 역할을 수행하는지 여부를 확인하기 위해 사람의 무릎관절에서 윤활세포들을 냉동초미세박절법을 이용한 면역조직화학 기법으로 CD14와 CB105에 대한 금표지를 하여 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. CD14는 윤활포식세포의 과립세포질세망과 세포질및 가장자리, 공포 주변 부위에서 표지 되었으며 공포내에서는 표지 되지 많았다. 2. CD105(endoglin)는 윤활포식세포의 세포막 가장자리와 세포질 돌기를 따라 표지 되었으며 공포 주변 부위에서도 표지 되었으나, 공포 내에서는 표지 되지 많았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 사람 무릎관절 윤활세포층에 위치하는 윤활포식세포는 CD14와 CD105의 항원에 대한 표지를 보이므로 활성화된 큰포식세포나 포식작용의 역할을 수행하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2011

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy is life-threatening clinical syndrome caused by the rapid enlargement of a pituitary tumor due to hemorrhage and/or infarction. The pathogenesis of pituitary apoplexy is not completely understood. We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pituitary tumors and subsequently correlated the radiological findings with the clinical presentation. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was also performed to determine whether certain biomarkers are related to radiological apoplexy. Methods : Thirty-four cases of pituitary adenoma were enrolled for retrospective analysis. In this study, the radiological apoplexy was defined as cases where hemorrhage, infarction or cysts were identified on MRI. Acute clinical presentation was defined as the presence of any of the following symptoms: severe sudden onset headache, decreased visual acuity and/or visual field deficit, and acute mental status changes. Angiogenesis was quantified by immunohistochemical expression of fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1), neuropilin (NRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, while microvascular density (MVD) was assessed using Endoglin and CD31. Results : Clinically, fourteen patients presented with acute symptoms and 20 for mild or none clinical symptoms. Radiologically, fifteen patients met the criteria for radiological apoplexy. Of the fifteen patients with radiologic apoplexy, 9 patients presented acute symptoms whereas of the 19 patient without radiologic apoplexy, 5 patients presented acute symptoms. Of the five biomarkers tracked, only VEGF was found to be positively correlated with both radiological and nonradiological apoplexy. Conclusion : While pituitary apoplexy is currently defined in cases where clinical symptoms can be histologically confirmed, we contend that cases of radiologically identified pituitary hemorrhages that present with mild or no symptoms should be designated subacute or subclinical apoplexy. VEGF is believed to have a positive correlation with pituitary hemorrhage. Considering the high rate of symptomatic or asymptomatic pituitary tumor hemorrhage, additional studies are needed to detect predictors of the pituitary hemorrhage.