• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.213-239
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 국가복지가 확대되는 우리 현실에서, 복지국가의 발전방식(제도 보편성)에 대한 선호에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 파악하는 것이다. 특히, 주관적 인식과 선호의 인과구조를 밝히는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 내생성(endogeneity) 문제를 고려해, 도구변수를 활용한 2SLS 회귀분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가복지의 확대에 반대할 것으로 예상되는 집단(고소득자, 저위험자, 그리고 고용주/자영업자 등)들이 보편적 복지는 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주관적 인식의 경우 복지제도 및 수혜자에 대한 부정적 인식은 보편적 복지를 반대하는 쪽으로 영향을 미쳤다. 추가로 부정적 인식은 산업화 시대를 오래 경험한 세대들에서 더 강한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 태도로 태도를 설명하고자 할 경우에 발생할 수 있는 내생성 문제가 본 연구에서도 확인되었다. 이것은 실제로 추정회귀계수를 왜곡시키고 있었다. 따라서 관련 후속연구들은 분석과정에서 이를 유념해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2015

한국의 구인 구직 매칭함수를 추정하였다. "사업체노동력조사"와 워크넷의 빈 일자리 수 과소 측정 문제를 극복하기 위해 채용동학모형을 통해 빈 일자리 잠재변수를 도출하고 이를 위한 도구변수를 매칭함수 추정에 활용하였다. 매칭 효율에 영향을 주는 구직자 속성과 공공고용서비스의 효과도 검증하였다. 구인 구직 매칭함수의 규모에 대한 수익불변(constant returns to scale)을 확인하였고, 매칭 효율은 구직자 중 전문대졸 학력자 비중과 정(+)의 상관관계를, 실업급여 수혜 비율과는 부(-)의 관계를 보였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

This paper examines the empirical magnitude of local human capital spillovers in Korea during the 1980s and mid-1990s. Local human capital spillovers exists if plants in regions with a higher level of human capital can produce more given their own amount of input (Moretti 2004c). In particular, this paper explores an educational reform in South Korea which exogenously induced a large amount of variation in regional human capital levels. Using annually collected plant level data, I explore the effect of changes in the regional human capital levels induced by this reform on plant productivity in Korea. My results suggest that this effect is limited. I find a positive correlation between a regional level of human capital and plant productivity. However, after further addressing endogeneity using an instrumental variable, the effect of the overall regional human capital level on productivity decreases and becomes statistically insignificant.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2010

This paper empirically evaluates the effects of regional and industrial R&D on the performances of individual firms in two separated stages: (1) the stage of technological outcome from R&D and (2) the stage of economic outcome from technological outcome. Technological spillovers are separated from negative congestion effects through the stage-specific estimation. The firm-level Korean Innovation Survey data merit in coping with the endogeneity problem inherent in the estimation of spillovers. The estimation results show that: (1) there exist significant R&D spillovers both in regional and industrial dimensions, (2) the hypothesized technological spillovers and economic congestion effects are both in effect, and (3) firms with smaller individual R&D investments show greater spillovers.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.61-89
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• 2009

본 논문은 CECD의 PISA 2006 자료를 사용하여 전 세계의 상이한 국가들에서 사교육에 대한 지출(private education expenditures)이 학업성적 향상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 추정하였다. 사교육비 지출의 내생성을 통제하기 위하여 성향점수 매칭법을 사용하였다. 실증 결과에 의하면, PISA 2006 자료에 조사된 15개 국가들 각각에서 사교육비 지출의 효과는 그리 크지 않다. 사교육비 지출을 10% 증가시킬 때 성적은 평균 0.6% 정도 또는 그 이하로 증가한다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2021

The paper investigates investor sentiment's role in boosting Japanese companies to enhance their environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) performance. Using ESG scores of 367 firms between 2005 and 2019 from the ASSET4 database, we find that negative sentiment in the previous year, both firm and market level, can be a stimulation for the company's commitments to its ESG activities next year. Notably, the moderating effect of the business sector and economic cycle on the sentiment-ESG inference are detected in our study differentiating between corporate and market sentiment, which have never been reported before. In detail, we discover that the impact of firm-specific sentiment is less pronounced for high-sensitive ESG firms. On the other hand, the driving force of market sentiment on corporate social behaviors weakens when economic recessions happen. Our results are robust after controlling for potential endogeneity issues and using alternative proxies for market sentiment.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_3호
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• pp.1261-1273
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• 2022

Homeownership is much more than a financial calculation. It is a socio-psychological phenomenon. During the last decade studies of homeownership have demonstrated a positive link between homeownership and positive social outcomes including welfare perceptions and attitudes. This study compared welfare perceptions between homeowners and renters in Korean Welfare Panel Survey using data collected in 2019. The study analyzed six continuous outcomes of welfare perceptions. Six variables indicating welfare perceptions included: (1) welfare and work disincentives; (2) welfare recipients are lazy; (3) welfare selectivism; (4) national minimum; (5) free university education and; (6) free child care and kindergarten. This study acknowledged bias arising from selection on observables. To control these biases, this study employed analytical approaches including the treatment effect model. Results of this study confirmed that attainment of homeownership is not possible for everyone. Findings from this study have provided some evidence that homeowners and renters have different perceptions on welfare listed above. Finally, issues relating to homeownership and welfare perceptions were discussed. Implications for social work practice and research were further discussed.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_3호
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• pp.1293-1302
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• 2022

The relationship between homeownership and participation in giving and volunteering overall indicates that homeowners are more likely to give and participate in volunteering organizations than renters. This study compared 'giving and participation in volunteering between homeowners(n=6,078) and renters(3,587) in the 14^th Korean Welfare Panel Survey data collected in 2019. The outcome measure of study is a binary outcome of giving and volunteering participation. This study accounted for a bias arising from selection on observables. Specifically, this study employed a recursive bivariate probit model to simultaneously estimate respondents' participation in giving and volunteering participation and their selection of homeownership. Findings from this study have provided some evidence that homeowners and renters have different behaviors in giving and volunteering participation. Finally, issues relating to homeownership and social outcomes were discussed. Implications for social work practice and research were further discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

The paper aims to examine the impact of exports on the growth of Vietnamese manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by exploring the information of 36,053 enterprises across 24 manufacturing sectors from the Vietnam Annual Enterprise Survey (VAES) in the period 2014-2019. To deal with the problem of variable variance, autocorrelation, and endogeneity of the model, the paper uses the OLS regression method with a strong standard error method and system GMM. Export participation by SMEs is positively associated with business growth in terms of sales and total assets, according to the findings. The GMM estimate shows that the rate of sales growth among exporters is 36.5 percent greater than that of non-exporting enterprises in the case of the sales growth measure. Exporters' average total asset growth rate is 19% greater than the rate estimated for non-exporting businesses. The study's findings indicate the need of adopting policies that promote SMEs in transition economies like Vietnam to engage in exporting activities. Furthermore, the findings show that financial assistance and suitable ownership would enable SMEs to take advantage of export opportunities to increase sales and total assets.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.273-301
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• 2023

This study investigates the impacts of long-term climate variability on household consumption in Indonesia, a country highly vulnerable to climate change. The analysis combines household survey data from nearly 5,998 families with satellite-derived weather data from NASA POWER spanning 30 years. We use the long-term variability in temperature and precipitation as a proxy for climate change. This study examines the impact of climate change which proceeds over the long term, unlike previous studies concerning one-off or short-term climate events. In addition, using satellite data enhances the accuracy of households' exposure to climate variability. The analysis finds that households in a village with higher temperature and precipitation variability significantly consume less food. This implies that households more exposed to climate change are at higher risk of malnutrition in developing countries. This study has a limitation that it cannot rule out the potential endogeneity of choosing a climate-vulnerable residential location due to economic poorness.