• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.41.1-41.17
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• 2023

Objectives: This scientometric and bibliometric analysis explored scientific publications related to hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers used in endodontology, aiming to describe basic bibliometric indicators and analyze current research trends. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using specific HCSB sealer and general endodontic-related terms. Basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, authorship, countries, institutions, journals, level of evidence, study design and topic of interest, title terms, author keywords, citation counts, and density. Results: In total, 498 articles published in 136 journals were retrieved for the period 2008-2023. Brazil was the leading country, and the universities of Bologna in Italy and Sao Paolo in Brazil were represented equally as leading institutions. The most frequently occurring keywords were "calcium silicate," "root canal sealer MTA-Fillapex," and "biocompatibility," while title terms such as "calcium," "sealers," "root," "canal," "silicate based," and "endodontic" occurred most often. According to the thematic map analysis, "solubility" appeared as a basic theme of concentrated research interest, and "single-cone technique" was identified as an emerging, inadequately developed theme. The co-occurrence analysis revealed 4 major clusters centered on sealers' biological and physicochemical properties, obturation techniques, retreatability, and adhesion. Conclusions: This analysis presents bibliographic features and outlines changing trends in HCSB sealer research. The research output is dominated by basic science articles scrutinizing the biological and specific physicochemical properties of commonly used HCSB sealers. Future research needs to be guided by studies with a high level of evidence that utilize innovative, sophisticated technologies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.13
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2015

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans appears to be a valuable method for assessing pulp canal configuration. The aim of this report is to describe endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with aberrant pulp canal morphology detected by CBCT and confirmed by 3D modeling. An accessory canal was suspected during endodontic treatment of the mandibular left second premolar in a 21 year old woman with a chief complaint of pulsating pain. Axial cross-sectional CBCT scans revealed that the pulp canal divided into mesiobuccal, lingual, and buccal canals in the middle third and ended as four separate foramina. 3D modeling confirmed the anomalous configuration of the fused root with a deep lingual groove. Endodontic treatment of the tooth was completed in two appointments. The root canals were obturated using lateral compaction of gutta-percha and root canal sealer. The tooth remained asymptomatic and did not develop periapical pathology until 12 months postoperatively. CBCT and 3D modeling enable preoperative evaluation of aberrant root canal systems and facilitate endodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2016

Objectives: A variety of root canal sealers were recently launched to the market. This study evaluated physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and sealing ability of a newly launched resin-based sealer (Dia-Proseal, Diadent) compared to the existing root canal sealers (AHplus, Dentsply DeTrey and ADseal, Metabiomed). Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties of the tested sealers including pH, solubility, dimensional change, and radiopacity were evaluated. Biocompatibility was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For microleakage test, single-rooted teeth were instrumented, and obturated with gutta-percha and one of the sealers (n = 10). After immersion in 1% methylene blue solution for 2 weeks, the specimens were split longitudinally. Then, the maximum length of staining was measured. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test (p = 0.05). Results: Dia-Proseal showed the highest pH value among the tested sealers (p < 0.05). ADseal showed higher dimensional change compared to AHplus and Dia-Proseal (p < 0.05). The solubility values of AHplus and Dia-Proseal were similar, whereas ADseal had the lowest solubility value (p < 0.05). The flow values of sealer in increasing order were AHplus, DiaProseal, and ADseal (p < 0.05). The radiopacity of AHplus was higher than those of ADseal and Dia-Proseal (p < 0.05). The cell viability of the tested materials was statistically similar throughout the experimental period. There were no significant differences in microleakage values among the tested samples. Conclusions: The present study indicates that Dia-Proseal has acceptable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and sealing ability.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

I. Objective The primary requirement of an endodontic root canal sealer is the biologic compatibility, because they remain in close contact with living periapical tissues over a long period of time. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of resin-based root canal sealers, AH 26 and ADSEAL. II. Material & Methods In this study, human periodontal ligament cells, human oral cancer cells (KB) and mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1) were used. Specimens of AH26, ADSEAL were eluted with culture medium for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT assay) for mitochondrial enzyme activity and cell viability. Genotoxicity was evaluated by using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Also cell apoptosis induced by AH 26 was detected by Hoechst33258 staining. III. Results AH 26 and ADSEAL exhibited cytotoxic effects in all investigated cell groups. Genotoxicity was also noted for both sealers in mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1). But, ADSEAL presented significantly low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity compared with AH 26. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by AH 26 resulted in apopotosis. IV. Conclusion Our results clearly indicate that the recently invented ADSEAL has better biocompatibility than another resin based root canal sealer, AH 26. However ideal root canal sealer should have not only biocompatibility but also satisfactory physico-chemical properties such as sealing ability and stability. Thus continuous studies and developments should follow.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of several root canal sealers on the discoloration of internal surface after root canal obstruction. Twenty four sound human premolars, extracted for orthodontic or prosthodontic purposes, were randomly selected and divided into eight groups. Extracted premolars were prepared, and the following seven materials were introduced into the pulp cavities: AH 26, Fuji ionomer (Type I) cement, N2, Oxypara "Murakami", Kerr sealer, PCA sealer, and G-C's Propac ZOE cement. After 7 weeks of incubation; the discolored tooth crowns were hemisectioned, and the internal staining patterns were examined. Then, with an association of observed values the mean intensity scores and percentage of coverage scores of the internal staining patterns in teeth attained by two observers using for Chisquare test were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. All the experimental premolar's crown showed various ranged discoloration of internal surface. 2. There was no significance between the association scores of two observers participated into this experiments:% coverage scores (P > 0.05) and intensity (P > 0.05) 3. The crowns filled with PCA sealer, AH 26, and Fuji ionomer cement was visible within a depth of one third of dentin. (P> 0.05) 4. For N2, Kerr sealer, and G-C's Propac cement, A slight dentinal staining was recorded, which penetrated up to half way into the dentin. (P> 0.05) 5. It was noticed that the teeth filled with Oxypara "Murakami" were discolored more than two thirds of the dentinal layer. 6. On the control group, there was no discoloration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.517-529
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of the Thermafil endodontic obturation technique and to compare it with lateral condensation technique. 42 straight canals from extracted human anterior teeth and 42 curved canals(> $25^{\circ}$) from maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were selected. And 80 of them were divided into four groups, 20 canals respectively. The teeth in prior two groups had straight canals and the other two groups had curved canals. The rest of four canals served as positive and negative controls. After resecting anatomical crowns, all canals were prepared using a standard step-back technique. Lateral condensation was used to obturate two groups, one group of straight ones the other curved. And Thermafil obturators were also used in the same two groups. Obturated teeth were infiltrated by India ink for a week, decalcified and cleared with 5% nitric acid and methyl salicylate. The apical leakage and the frequency of filled lateral and accessory canals were measured with stereomicroscope and also apical extrusion of sealer and gutta-percha and obturation time were checked and the data were analyzed statistically(one-way ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square test). The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in the degree of dye penetration between Thermafil and lateral condensation groups(p>0.05). 2. Apical extrusion of sealer and gutta-percha occurred significantly more often with Thermafil obturators in straight canals(p<0.05), but not significantly different in curved canals(p>0.05). 3. Canal obturation time with Thermafil obturators was significantly faster than lateral condensation (p<0.05). 4. The Thermafil groups showed a higher frequency of filled lateral and accessory canals than in the lateral condensation groups. But the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the bond strength of RelyX Unicem (3M) to root canal dentin when used as an endodontic sealer. Materials and Methods: Samples of 24 single-rooted teeth were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and K3 files. After that, the roots were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8) according to the filling material, (1) AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH)/Gutta-Percha cone; (2) Epiphany SE (Pentron)/Resilon cone; (3) RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha cone. All roots were filled using a single cone technique associated to vertical condensation. After the filling procedures, each tooth was prepared for a push-out bond strenght test by cutting 1 mm-thick root slices. Loading was performed on a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used to compare the results among the experimental groups. Results: Epiphany SE/Resilon showed significantly lower push-out bond strength than both AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bond strength between AH Plus/Gutta-Percha and RelyX Unicem/Gutta-Percha (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the present in vitro conditions, bond strength to root dentin promoted by RelyX Unicem was similar to AH Plus. Epiphany SE/Resilon resulted in lower bond strength values when compared to both materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1999

The endodontic-periodontic combined lesions have been difficult to get correct diagnosis and predictable treatment. This study was to make the experimental endodontic-periodontic combined defects in dogs for the study of the periodontal regeneration and to evaluate the efficacy of the enamel matrix protein and e-PTFE membrane in the experimental endodontic-periodontic combined defects. 5 mongrel dogs were used. The pulp chambers were opened and the plaque was inserted into the chambers to induce the periapical lesions on the mandibular second, third and fourth premolars of the dogs. 1 month later, the root canal treatments were done with gutta perch a and ZOE sealer. On the day of surgery, the periapical defects were standardized by trephine bur. The buccal dehiscence defects were made by the dental bur and bone chisels. The apicoectomy with retrofilling was done. The prepared roots were randomly selected for test and control groups. In the experimental groups, the enamel matrix derivative and e-PTFE membrane were used. Nothing was placed on the control group. Fluroscent labelling was used to evaluate the bone formation. After 4 and 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and undecalcified sections were prepared and stained with toluidine blue. Those histologic sections were examined by fluorescent microscopy and light microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. In the control group, new bone was formed in the periapical defects and scarcely in the buccal dehiscence defects. New cementum was not detected at 4 and 12 weeks. 2. In the experimental groups, new bone, new cementum and periodontal ligament were found in the periapical and buccal dehiscence defects. The relative amount and the quality of the new bone, new cementum and periodontal ligament tissue that had formed on the experimental groups were superior to those of the control group. 3. The current observation implicated that e-PTFE membrane and enamel matrix protein could be the effective tools for the guided tissue regeneration of the endo-perio combined defects.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to reduce the toxicity of oil based root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide using MTT & agar overlay assays. Thus some formulations of traditional root canal sealers were replaced with oil-soluble solvents and experimental root canal sealers manufactured. In MTT assay, Cell viability of all experimental sealers in addition with oil soluble solvents were observed significantly higher than both control groups, especially according to replace zinc and/or calcium ion components. Also agar overlay assay was appeared moderate to no cell responses into modifying both zinc and/or calcium ion components and oil soluble solvent weight. Authors found the reducing effect of cell toxicity through significant role of oil soluble solvent factor into root canal sealer containing calcium hydroxide.