• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and the clinical significance of prohibition of acupuncture of LI4 and SP6 during the period of pregnancy. Methods : It was investigated the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy based on the literature reviews. Previous studies identified the acupuncture treatment of animal and clinical studies during the period of pregnancy and labor in China Academic Journal(CAJ). These papers were classified and investigated to clarify the rationale of the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy. Results and Conclusions : The contraindicated points during the period of pregnancy are Hapgok (LI4), Samumgyo (SP6), Songmun (CV5), Kwanwon (CV4), Sosang (LU11), Chium (BL67), Kollyun (BL60). The uterine contraction can be induced by the stimuli of Hapgok (LI4) via endocrine system and Samumgyo (SP6) via nervous system. Both Hapgok (LI4) and Samumgyo (SP6) also can be used in various diseases such as induction of abortion, facilitation of parturition, stabilization of embryos, cross birth and so on.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 2008

G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR) family is a cell membrane protein, and plays an important role in a signaling mechanism which transmits external signals through cell membranes into cells. Now, it is estimated that there may be about 800-1000 GPCRs in a human genome. But, GPCRs each are known to have various complex control mechanisms and very unique signaling mechanisms. GPCRs are involved in maintaining homeostasis of various human systems including an endocrine system or a neural system and thus, disorders in activity control of GPCRs are thought to be the major source of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic disorders, degenerative disorders, carcinogenesis and the like. As more than 60% of currently marketed therapeutic agents target GPCRs, the GPCR field has been actively explored in the pharmaceutical industry. Structural features, and class and subfamily of GPCRs are well known by function, and accordingly, the most fundamental work in studies identifying the previous GPCRs is to classify the GPCRs with given protein sequences. Studies for classifying previously identified GPCRs more easily with mathematical models have been mainly going on. Considering that secondary sequences of proteins, namely, secondary binding structures of amino acids constituting proteins are closely related to functions, the present paper does not place the focus on primary sequences of proteins as previously practiced, but instead, proposes a method to transform primary sequences into secondary structures and compare the secondary structures, and then detect an unknown GPCR assumed to have a same function in databases of previously identified GPCRs.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.358-366
• /
• 2016

The digestive system is gaining interest as a major regulator of various functions including immune defense, nutrient accumulation, and regulation of feeding behavior, aside from its conventional function as a digestive organ. The Drosophila midgut epithelium is completely renewed every 1-2 weeks due to differentiation of pluripotent intestinal stem cells in the midgut. Intestinal stem cells constantly divide and differentiate into enterocytes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients, or enteroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory peptides. Regulatory peptides have important roles in development and metabolism, but study has mainly focused on expression and functions in the nervous system, and not much is known about the roles in endocrine functions of enteroendocrine cells. We systemically examined the expression of 45 regulatory peptide genes in the Drosophila midgut, and verified that at least 10 genes are expressed in the midgut enteroendocrine cells through RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, antisera, and 25 regulatory peptide-GAL transgenes. The Drosophila midgut is highly compartmentalized, and individual peptides in enteroendocrine cells were observed to express in specific regions of the midgut. We also confirmed that some peptides expressed in the same region of the midgut are expressed in mutually exclusive enteroendocrine cells. These results indicate that the midgut enteroendocrine cells are functionally differentiated into different subgroups. Through this study, we have established a basis to study regulatory peptide functions in enteroendocrine cells as well as the complex organization of enteroendocrine cells in the Drosophila midgut.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 2005

Permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely used to protect domestic animals and the public health, as well as in agriculture against a variety of pests, which provides potential for environmental exposure. Permethrin is classified as possible human carcinogen and endocrine disrupting chemical by many international authorities. However, its developmental effects have been rarely studied. This study investigated the effects of permethrin during embryo-genesis. Developmental toxicity of permethrin was evaluated using short-term in vitro battery system. Gestation day 9.5 rat embryos (organogenesis) were cultured with permethrin (0.1,0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml) for 48 hours using whole embryo culture system. All the treatments exhibited significant decreases in the total morphological score. Permethrin induced significant growth retardation and the developmental abnormality at doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml. Moreover, the DNA and protein contents of embryos decreased in dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that permethrin contributes to toxicity on embryonic developments in rats.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2016

파라벤은 화장품, 식품, 의약품 등에 첨가되는 살균성 보존제로 미생물의 성장을 억제한다. 그러나 체내에서 에스트로겐과 유사한 작용을 하는 내분비계 교란물질이며, 특히 독성물질에 민감한 영유아 및 태아에게 노출될 경우 생식기 기형, 고환암, 성조숙증 등 성장발달에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영아가 주로 섭취하는 모유에서의 파라벤 수준을 확인하기 위하여 모유 중 4가지 파라벤(methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl parabne, butyl paraben)의 분석법을 확립하였다. 시료는 액체상추출(Liquid-liquid extraction, LLE)을 통하여 전처리 한 후, 액체크로마토그래피 텐덤 질량분석기(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)를 사용하여 정량분석 하였다. 확립된 분석조건에서 얻어진 검량선의 직선성은 r² > 0.999이고, 검출한계(LOD)는 0.019~0.044 ng/mL이었다. 또한 정확도는 85.3~105.9%, 정밀도는 10% 이하의 값을 나타내었다. 10개의 모유시료 중 파라벤류의 평균농도 ± 표준편차는 MP 0.660 ± 0.519 ng/mL, EP 1.631 ± 2.081 ng/mL, PP 0.326 ± 0.320 ng/mL이었고, BP는 불검출 되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2007

The previous study reported the biological effect of magnetic field exerted by acting on endocrine and anti-oxidant system. The present study aims to study whether ELF-MF (extremely low frequency magnetic field) affects the physiological endocrine systems such as thyroid and whether ELF-MF affects the defense system against oxidative stress when it alters the function of thyroid. Finally, we correlate the effects of MF on oxidative stress, and adrenal and thyroid with an environmental stress factor. We exposed sham or MF to rats for 5 or 25 days. After the exposure, we determined pain sensitivity, level of TSH, $T_3$ and free $T_4$ in plasma. We also assayed in whole brain, lipid peroxidation, the activity of enzymatic anti-oxidant defense including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non enzymatic defense such as reduced or oxidized glutathione contents. MF induced the hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli with the reduction of latency. $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were also increased by the exposure of MF. In addition, we observed the rise of MDA level in rat brain by MF although the MF did not change superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The effect of MF on both reduced and oxidized glutathione results in decrease in reduced or oxidized glutathione in whole brain. In every experiment, there was no significant difference in MF influence between short term (5 days) and long term (25 days) exposure. Taken together, MF exposure affects the thyroid hormonal control in brain. The elevated thyroid hormone acts on brain, leading to hyper-utilization of oxygen. This phenomenon may be correlated with oxidative stress resulting from MF exposure. In conclusion, we suggest that MF exposure may be an environmental stress by exerting oxidative stress.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.188-197
• /
• 2003

내분비교란물질은 동물에서 생식기계통을 통제하는 호르몬 조절에 영향을 준다. 상기 선정된 농약을 투여함에 있어서 실험동물로 Xiphophorus helleri로 선정하였는데 이는 암수의 구별이 육안적으로 명확히 관찰되며 또한 난태생으로 사육이 용이한 점이 있다. Xiphophorus helleri에 있어서 내분비교란물질로 의심되는 endosulfan과 molinate의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 vitellogenin과 aromatase 를 진단 biomarker로써 사용하였다. RT-PCR 결과 endosulfan과 molinate의 혼합처치군 및 alachlor 단독군 수컷에서 vitellogenin과 aromatase의 induction 이 동시에 관찰되었고, endosulfan 단독군에서는 aromatase의 induction이 관찰되었다. 본 실험에서는 endosulfan이나 molinate 단독 처치군에서의 성호르몬과 세포에 대한 유해 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, endosulfan과 molinate 의 혼합처치군에서는 vitellogenin과 aromatase의 발현 및 apoptosis가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 swordtail fish에 영향을 미치지 않는 낮은 농도의 molinate와 endosulfan이라도 병용되는 경우에 생식기계의 호르몬 변화와 apoptosis를 야기시킨다는 사실을 제시한다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.115-132
• /
• 2000

본 장에서는 양질의 계란생산에 필요한 난각과 난각색의 형성에 관해서 언급하였다. 강한 난각의 형성은 난각을 이루는 내적인 요인들 (큐티클층, 진각, 난각층의 조직)과 소화기, 난각형성에 관여하는 각종 체내 분비선, 신장, 호르몬 등의 적정기능에 의하여 결정된다. 병아리가 성성숙에 달하면 골수골은 산란계가 난각의 형성이 정점에 달했을 때를 대비 할 수 있는 정도가 되어야 한다. 난각이 형성되는데 중요한 기능을 갖는 요인들로는 산란계 사료중의 칼슘원, 산란계사료 중의 칼슘과 인의 비율, 비타민 D의 적정수준, 체액중의 각종 무기물 균형, 기타 영양소 수준들을 들 수 있다. 또 생리적, 환경적인 요인들과 산란계의 나이나 산란계사의 온도와 습도, 산란계의 계통, 질병, 계사에서 알의 수집부터 수송에 이르기까지의 각종 관리형태 등은 계한이 생산자에서부터 소비자에 이르기까지 여러 단계에서 나타나는 각종 난각 파괴의 요인이 된다. 난각에 나타나는 색소에 관여되는 요인들로는 protoporphyrin-IX, biliverdin-IX, 아연 등이 함유된 킬레이트와 때로 적은 양이 관여하기는 하지만 coproporphyrin-III 등이 포함된다. 그러나 이러한 요인들이 난각색의 형성에 관여하는 데에는 산란계의 연령, 질병, 약품 첨가 여부, 난각 형성도 중 난각 표면의 손상 여부 등 여러 가지가 관여된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of field-of-view (FOV) size on the gray values derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared with the Hounsfield unit values from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: A radiographic phantom was designed with 4 acrylic cylinders. One cylinder was filled with distilled water, and the other 3 were filled with 3 types of bone substitute: namely, Nanobone, Cenobone, and Cerabone. The phantom was scanned with 2 CBCT systems using 2 different FOV sizes, and 1 MDCT system was used as the gold standard. The mean gray values(MGVs) of each cylinder were calculated in each imaging protocol. Results: In both CBCT systems, significant differences were noted in the MGVs of all materials between the 2 FOV sizes(P<.05) except for Cerabone in the Cranex3D system. Significant differences were found in the MGVs of each material compared with the others in both FOV sizes for each CBCT system. No significant difference was seen between the Cranex3D CBCT system and the MDCT system in the MGVs of bone substitutes on images obtained with a small FOV. Conclusion: The size of the FOV significantly changed the MGVs of all bone substitutes, except for Cerabone in the Cranex3D system. Both CBCT systems had the ability to distinguish the 3 types of bone substitutes based on a comparison of their MGVs. The Cranex3D CBCT system used with a small FOV had a significant correlation with MDCT results.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim was to measure the real-time trans-mission effect of blood-pressure and blood-glucose value based on u-healthcare for saving the time and effort of nursing recording time. Methods: This study used a u-healthcare system based on the international standards for the exchange of health information. In order to verify the effectiveness of the u-healthcare, a clinical trial for the system regarding blood-pressure and blood-glucose targeting of patients with endocrine disorders at KNUH from February 7 to 9, 2012 was performed. Results: According to the analyzed results, of the 86 times the 11 patients were tested, measuring blood-pressure and blood-glucose using the u-healthcare system, we found the time differences between the real-time transfer recording method and existing hospital records that were used in the hospital. Based on the average time interval, there was a difference of 1,090.45 seconds (18.17 minutes). Conclusion: Therefore, it's cumbersome that nurses in the hospital have to record the numerical values of the measured blood-pressure and blood-glucose manually and input the recorded values directly into the electronic nursing record system. However, it was found in terms of the newly designed system, that it could save time and effort for nurses, since measured information is sent to the hospital information system on a real-time basis.