• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.508-514
• /
• 2009

The purposes of this study were to compare the efficacy of irrigation systems by removing a calcium hydroxide $(Ca(OH)_2)$ paste from the apical third of the root canal and the effect of the patency file. Sixty single rooted human teeth were used in this study. The canals were instrumented by a crown-down manner with .04 taper ProFile to ISO #35. $Ca(OH)_2$ and distilled water were mixed and placed inside the root canals. The teeth were divided into 6 groups according to the root canal irrigation system and the use of patency file as follows: group 1 - conventional method: group 2 - $EndoActivator^{(R)}$: group 3 - $EndoVac^{(R)}$; group 4 - conventional method, patency: group 4 - $EndoActivator^{(R)}$, patency; group 6 - $EndoVac^{(R)}$, patency. All teeth were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. After the root canal irrigation, the teeth were split in bucco-lingual aspect. Percentage of the root canal surface coverage with residual $Ca(OH)_2$ until 3 mm from working length was analyzed using Image Pro Plus ver. 4.0. Statistical analysis was performed using the One-way ANOVA, t-test and Scheffe's post-hoc test. Conventional groups had significantly more $Ca(OH)_2$ debris than $EndoActivator^{(R)}$, $EndoVac^{(R)}$ groups. There was no significant difference between $EndoActivator^{(R)}$ and $EndoVac^{(R)}$ groups. Groups with patency file showed more effective in removing $Ca(OH)_2$ paste than no patency groups. but. it was no significant difference. This study showed that $EndoActivator^{(R)}$ and $EndoVac^{(R)}$ systems were more effective in removing $Ca(OH)_2$ paste from the apical third of the root canal than conventional method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.390-396
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate endodontic irrigation methods with $EndoVac^{(R)}$ and $EndoActivator^{(R)}$ in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canals. Extracted 70 human single-rooted teeth were used. The canals were instrumented by a crown-down technique with .04 taper ProFile to ISO size 40. After the teeth were autoclaved, the canals were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 48 h. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 teeth each according to canal irrigation methods and two control groups as follows: group 1 - $EndoVac^{(R)}$; group 2 - $EndoActivator^{(R)}$; group 3-Conventional needle irrigation method. After canal irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl. first samples (S1) were taken using sterile paper point. And the canals were filled with sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and incubated for 24 h, then second samples (S2) were taken. The samples were cultured on BHI agar plate to determine the numbers of colony forming units (CFU). In first sampling (S1), only one canal of conventional method among the all experimental groups was positive cultured. In second sampling (S2), $EndoVac^{(R)}$ group showed the least positive culture numbers of E. faecalis. There was statistically significant difference between the $EndoVac^{(R)}$ and conventional needle irrigation methods in the mean value of Log CFU. According to the results of this study, $EndoVac^{(R)}$ showed better efficacy than conventional needle irrigation method in the elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.45.1-45.8
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce a gelatin/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tissue standard, which provides dissolution properties identical to those of biological tissues. Further, the study evaluated whether the utilization of endodontic activating devices led to enhanced phantom dissolution rates. Materials and Methods: Bovine pulp tissue was obtained to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution. The surface area and mass of samples were held constant while the ratio of gelatin and BSA were varied, ranging from 7.5% to 10% gelatin and 5% BSA. Each sample was placed in an individual test tube that was filled with an appropriate sodium hypochlorite solution for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, and then removed from the solution, blotted dry, and weighed again. The remaining tissue was calculated as the percent of initial tissue to determine the tissue dissolution rate. A radiopaque agent (sodium diatrizoate) and a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) were added to the phantom to allow easy quantification of phantom dissolution in a canal block model when activated using ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic (EndoActivator) energy. Results: The 9% gelatin + 5% BSA phantom showed statistically equivalent dissolution to bovine pulp tissue at all time intervals. Furthermore, the EndoUltra yielded significantly more phantom dissolution in the canal block than the EndoActivator or syringe irrigation. Conclusions: Our phantom is comparable to biological tissue in terms of tissue dissolution and could be utilized for in vitro tests due to its injectability and detectability.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.53 no.10
• /
• pp.743-750
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study compared the mechanical efficacy of sonic activated and passive ultrasonic irrigation for removing intracanal medicament from a simulated root canal under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty simulated root canal in resin blocks were randomly divided into 3-groups. The canals were enlarged using ProTaper files and K3XF (#30/0.06). After cleaning and drying, canals were filled with Calcipex. Overfilled materials were wiped out and measured their weight to the unit of 1/10mg. After one week storage in 100% humidity $37^{\circ}C$ temperature, canals were irrigated using 20mL of saline with one of following methods according to the designated groups (n = 10). For group-NI, 30-gauge nickel-titanium irrigation needle was used. During irrigation with every 5mL, needle was moved in-and-out with 4-mm amplitudes. EndoActivator and ultrasonic tip were used for group-EA and group-UT respectively for 20 seconds after every 5mL irrigation using needle. Then the weight was measured again to calculate the weight of residual remnants. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test at a significance level of 95%. Results: The weight of the residual medicaments were $3.62{\pm}0.81mg$, $2.84{\pm}0.28mg$, and $2.73{\pm}0.90mg$ for group-NI, -EA, and -UT, respectively. Group-EA and group-UT had no significant differences to remove intracanal medicament and left significantly less amount of paste than group-NI (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Under the controlled conditions of this study, the sonic activation and PUI have similar mechanical efficacy for removing intracanal medicament.