• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.972-977
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• 2004

The hypoglycemic effect of an exo-biopolymer (EXO) and endo-biopolymer (ENDO) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Both the EXO and ENDO showed hypoglycemic potential, however, the former proved to be more potent than the latter. The administration of the EXO at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly reduced the plasma glucose level (23.5%) and increased the plasma insulin level (2.2 fold) in the diabetic animals. The EXO also lowered the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and athrogenic index by 14.7, 31.4, 24.1, and 45.4%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 6.7 and 25.8%, respectively. It increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (37.7%), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) showed lower activities in the EXO administered groups than the other experimental groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the exo-biopolymer may alleviate the blood glucose level by increased insulin secretion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 1994

Endo-polygalacturonase was purified from Jujube. The purification procedures included DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephdex G-100. Enzyme was purified as a single protein band and purification yield was about 6%. When the purified enzyme was applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight was estimated about 19,000. Purified enzyme formed hexagonal board type.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 1997

Effect of a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20 on the adsorption and kinetic mechanism for the hydrolysis of a microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101, by endoglucanase Ⅰ (Endo Ⅰ) and exoglucanase Ⅱ (Exo Ⅱ) isolated from Trichoderma viride were studied. The Langmuir isotherm parameters, amount of maximum adsorption (Amax) and adsorption equilibrium constant (Kad) for the adsorption, were obtained in the presence and the absence of nonionic surfactant. On the addition of Tween 20, the Kad and Amax values of Exo Ⅱ were decreased, while those of Endo Ⅰ were not affected. These indicate that the adsorption affinity of Exo Ⅱ on the cellulose is weakened by nonionic surfactant, and the surfactant enhanced desorption of Exo Ⅱ from insoluble substrate. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose can be described by two parallel pseudo-first order reactions using the percentages of easily (Ca) and hardly (Cb) hydrolyzable cellulose in Avicel PH 101 and associated rate constants (ka and kb). The Ca value was increased by adding Tween 20 for all enzyme samples (Exo Ⅱ, Endo Ⅰ and their 1:1 mixture) implying that the low-ordered crystalline fraction in the cellulose may be partly dispersed by surfactant. The ka value was not affect by adding Tween 20 for all enzyme samples (Exo Ⅱ, Endo Ⅰ and their 1:1 mixture). The kb value of Exo Ⅱ was increased by adding Tween 20, while that of Endo Ⅰ was not affected. This suggests that the surfactant helps the Exo Ⅱ desorb from microcrystalline cellulose, and increase the hydrolysis rate. These results were show that the increase of hydrolysis of cellulose by the nonionic surfactant is due to both the activation of Exo Ⅱ and partial defibrillation of the cellulose.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.126-127
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• 1995

A Zymomonas mobilis DNA fragment consisting of 207 nucleotides, which corresponded to the 5'-flanking region of an adhB gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase II, was fused to the structural gene coding for a Bacillus endo-.betha.--1, 4-glucanase. The Z. mobilis DNA framgment waw identified to promote 50-fold increase in the expression of endo-.betha.1. 4 glucanase gene in Escherichia coli.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1986.12a
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• pp.520.1-520
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• 1986

Endo-$\beta$-1,3-glucanase는 barley glucan, laminarin등에 특이적으로 작용하는 효소로서 Malting process, Brewing process에 중요한 효소이다. 본 연구에서는 산업적으로 이용하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 국산맥주맥으로 발아한 Green Malt를 Sample로 하여 Endo-$\beta$-1,3-glucanase를 추출하여 (DEAE Sephadex A-50, CM sephadex C- 50 Sephadex G-75)등을 이용하여 정제하여 이들 정제효소의 효소학적 성질등을 검토하였다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The faithful bi-module \ulcornerM\ulcorner with its endomorphism ring End\ulcorner(M) such that M\ulcorner is flat (in other words, End\ulcorner(M)-flat, or endo-flat)and with a commutative ring R containing an identity has been studied in this paper. The chain conditions of a faithful endo-flat module \ulcornerM relative to those of the endomorphism ring End\ulcorner(M) having the zero annihilator of each non-zero endomorphism are studied.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.593-599
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• 1989

A strain producing extracellular endo-type inulase was selected from Actinomycetes isolated from soil, and identified as Streptomyces sp. The maximum inulase production was obtained with medium containing inulin 1.0%, yeast extract 1.0%, (NH$_4$)$_2$HPO$_4$ 0.4%, NH$_4$H$_2$PO$_4$0.8%, KCl 0.05%, MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, FeSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.001% at 96 hours culture in jar fermentor. The endo-type inulase was considered to be an inducible enzyme produced by inulin only.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

Thin sections of cellulose fibers were incubated with an endo- and an exoglucanase labeled with gold particles of differing sizes. The hydrolytic sites were then visualized under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The potential interaction between the ${\beta}$-1, 4-glucan substrates and the endo- and the exoglucanases was investigated using cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates. The simultaneous visualization was very successful in distinguishing preferred substrates for each cellulase in lignocellulosic substrates. When plant lignocellulose was preincubated with endocellulase, density of the gold labeling greatly increased suggesting that preliminary exposure of lignocellulosic material to endocellulase may have enhanced the accessibility of the substrate to endocellulase and exocellulase. This result provided a plausible explanation for the observed endo/exo cellulase co-hydrolysis.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.165-189
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• 2004

In this paper I try to understand the meaning of "water" which plays an important role in the novels by Syusaku Endo and Sokyu Genyu. These two Japanese writers also have a deep interest in the interreligious dialogue, especially in the encounter between Christianity and the Buddhism. By analyzing Hukai Kawa(1993) of Endo and Mizu no Hesaki(2001) of Genyu, this paper sheds light on the symbolic meaning of "water", which I believe could contribute creatively to the theological debate on the religious pluralism.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2008

To clarify the DNA damage from reactive oxygen species, we measured the DNA damage through Fpg/Endo III FLARE (Fragment Length Analysis with Repair Enzyme) assay and real time RT-PCR. The 80 SD rats assigned to 4 dose groups exposed to cumene vapor for 90 days. With Fpg/Endo III FLARE assay in hepatocytes, we found the OTM (Olive Tail Moment) and TL (Tail Length) significantly increased in no-enzyme treated and Fpg-treated control and 8 ppm groups with 28 days exposure. In Endo III-treated 8 ppm group, significantly increased the values with 90 days exposure. With lymphocytes, it was founded the values significantly increased in no-enzyme treated 800 ppm group in 28 and 90 days. It was significantly increased in Endo III-treated 80 ppm for 28 days and 800 ppm for 90 days. From the above findings, FLARE assay was suggested as being available as a biological marker for DNA damage induced by cumene exposure in SD rats. And we used real time RT-PCR for the OGG1 mRNA expression, it had dose-dependent biologic effects in 1 day exposure, but decrease the levels of rOGG1 mRNA. Our findings provide evidence that cumene exposure may cause suppression of rOGG1 in the rat hepatocytes or lymphocytes.