• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.111-116
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• 1998

In this study, we try to coincide virtual robot system in an OLP(off-line programming) with actual robot system even though kinematic differences between them are made. The virtual robot in the OLP may be modeled according to kinematics of the actual robot system. However, it is a complicated problem to find exactly all kinematic parameters of actual robot and environment. In this paper, an automated calibration method is proposed In order to find some kinematical parameters which are necessary for the modeling of a robot and environment in the OLP. It is applicable to SCARA robot for assembly task. In this method, a well-marked worktable of environment Is regarded as reference coordinate frame. The robot detects some marks on the worktable through sensors attached to the end-effector. The necessary parameters are calculated from the data of the robot joint variables when the robot detects the mark. The model in the OLP is modified by the parameters.

• 중국학논총
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• no.63
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• pp.65-90
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• 2019

In Huangdao Dialect, the "NP1+VP+起+NP2" sentence structure can not only be used with monosyllabic and bisyllabic adjectives and active adjectives, but also with passive adjectives. The usage of the VP is broader in Huangdao Dialect than in Qingdao dialect in case it is a verb phrase. The negative of "NP1+VP+起+NP2" sentence structure uses "不" or "沒有." If common comparative element can be found between NP1 and NP2, the negative particles are used at the beginning of the sentence in general to generate topic sentences. NP1 is often a common noun, modifying phrase, and quantifying phrase, while it can also be a verb-object phrase or modifying phrase. Huangdao Dialect may exhibit specific quantifying phrases that express comparative differences. The inquisitive style of "NP1+VP+起+NP2" sentence structure include appending a question mark at the end of the sentence, combining the positive and negative forms of the adjective, and appending "'是沒" or "是不是" in the front of the adjective.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Effect of surface treatment of ceramic under loading does not appear to have been investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of esthetic ceramic, which is performed to increase the bonding strength, on the fracture stress under controlled cyclic loading condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty 1.0 mm-thick specimens were made from Mark II Vitablocs (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and divided into 3 groups: polished (control), sandblasted, and etched. Specimens of each group were bonded to a dentin analog material base including micro-channels to facilitate the flow of water to the bonding interface. Bonded ceramics were cyclically loaded with a flat-end piston in the water (500,000 cycles, 15Hz). Following completion of cyclic loading, specimens were examined for subsurface crack formation and subsequent stress was determined and loaded to next specimen by the staircase method according to the crack existence. RESULTS: There were significant differences of mean fatigue limit in the sandblasted (222.86 ${\pm}$ 23.42 N) and etched group (222.86 ${\pm}$ 14.16 N) when compared to polished group (251.43 ${\pm}$ 10.6 N) (P<.05; Wald-type pair-wise comparison and post hoc Bonferroni test). Of cracked specimens, surface treated group showed longer crack propagation after 24 hours. All failures originated from the radial cracking without cone crack. Fracture resistance of this study was very low and comparable to failure load in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Well controlled cyclic loading could induce clinically relevant cracks and fracture resistance of Mark II ceramic was relatively low applicable only to anterior restorations. Surface treatment of inner surface of feldspathic porcelain in the matsicatory area could influence lifetime of restorations.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.446-456
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• 2007

Increased access to broadband networks has led to a fast-growing demand for voice and video over IP(VVoIP) applications such as Internet telephony(VoIP), videoconferencing, and IP television(IPTV). For pro-active troubleshooting of VVoIP performance bottlenecks that manifest to end-users as performance impairments such as video frame freezing and voice dropouts, network operators cannot rely on actual end-users to report their subjective quality of experience(QoE). Hence, automated and objective techniques that provide real-time or online VVoIP QoE estimates are vital. Objective techniques developed to-date estimate VVoIP QoE by performing frame-to-frame peak-signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) comparisons of the original video sequence and the reconstructed video sequence obtained from the sender-side and receiver-side, respectively. Since processing such video sequences is time consuming and computationally intensive, existing objective techniques cannot provide online VVoIP QoE. In this paper, we present a novel framework that can provide online estimates of VVoIP QoE on network paths without end-user involvement and without requiring any video sequences. The framework features the "GAP-model", which is an offline model of QoE expressed as a function of measurable network factors such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and loss. Using the GAP-model, our online framework can produce VVoIP QoE estimates in terms of "Good", "Acceptable", or "Poor"(GAP) grades of perceptual quality solely from the online measured network conditions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the bond strength of novel CAD/CAM restorative materials to resin cement by four point bending test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The CAD/CAM materials under investigation were e.max CAD, Mark II, Lava Ultimate, and Enamic. A total of 400 bar specimens ($4{\times}1.2{\times}12mm$) (n=10) milled from the CAD/CAM blocks underwent various pretreatments (no pretreatment (C), hydrofluoric acid (A), hydrofluoric acid + universal adhesive (Scotchbond) (AS), sandblasting (Sb), and sandblasting + universal adhesive (SbS)). The bars were luted end-to-end on the prepared surfaces with a dual curing adhesive resin cement (Variolink N, Ivoclar Vivadent) on the custom-made stainless steel mold. Ten test specimens for each treatment and material combination were performed with four point bending test method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS. The surface treatment and type of CAD/CAM restorative material showed a significant effect on the four point bending strength (FPBS) (P<.001). For LDC, AS surface treatment showed the highest FPBS results ($100.31{\pm}10.7MPa$) and the lowest values were obtained in RNC ($23.63{\pm}9.0MPa$) for control group. SEM analyses showed that the surface topography of CAD/CAM restorative materials was modified after treatments. CONCLUSION. The surface treatment of sandblasting or HF acid etching in combination with a universal adhesive containing MDP can be suggested for the adhesive cementation of the novel CAD/CAM restorative materials.

• 중국학논총
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• no.53
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

The grammatical meaning of "了", a marker of aspects in Mandarin has been described differently among researchers, three of which are to express the end, a certain phase of event and the start of an event or a state. This paper consists of four parts. Set out below is a summary of main points of each part. The first chapter elaborates on the results of previous related studies, points out the purpose and meaning of the current study. Chapter two introduces marked "了" including concepts of the meaning and "Done", "complete whole", "realization" Corresponds to the case study. And explains syntactic and semantic features of the "了", highlights the look "of the了" problems of syntax and semantics, "了2" made three domains Limit 3 Including of the knowledge. This chapter holds that its grammartical meaning can be described as follows an event has taken place or a state has formed prior to a certain reference time, and that the grammartical meanings mentioned above can be considered sub - grammartical meanings of "了",which result from different prominence of the phases of an event. Chapter three explains tag component of the "了1", "了2". It discusses limited constraints, first place for "了" syntactic meaning, "The End" and "extension" of the opposition for "了" is looming around the root system, "了" and "着" sentence structure and semantic and syntactic forms. Chapter four discusses bounded features of the 了. It mainly focuses on "了"of bounded / unbounded function. It analyses the functions of components and explains a bounded function of "了1" and a bounded function of "了2". Chapter five is the conclusion. It consolidates and summarises the previous contents of the paper and points out the conclusion.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.537-540
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• 2015

Social parasitism is occasionally found in some Polistes and Vespa species, such as Vespa dybowskii. We report a discovey of interspecific facultative social parasitism by Polistes sp. (possibly P. mandarinus) on Polistes djakonovi Kostylev in two rural areas of South Korea. P. djakonovi is very similar to Polistes sp. in its body color patterns except that the mark on the clypeus is different. In nest 1 (65 cells), we found 5 females of P. djakonovi and 4 females of Polistes sp. on 30 July 2014, whereas nest 2 (102 cells) contained 12 females and 16 males of P. djakonovi, and 3 females of Polistes sp. on 28 August 2013. Although we found the two nests in July and August, P. djakonovi seems to have been exploited by Polistes sp. at the end of the preemergence period (early to mid-June). The two nests found in this study had mainly white cocoon caps of P. djakonovi with several yellow ones of Polistes sp. In most cases of social parasitism, intruders have a larger size of the body or some body parts than the host in order to usurp the host; in contrast, this study showed that the hosts had lager bodies than the intruders.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

Compression pressure of individual cylinder and valve timing have big influence on combustion pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), emission, vibration, combustion noise and many other combustion parameters. Therefore, uniformity of compression pressure and valve timing became one of most important engine design and production standard. Conventional method to evaluate compression pressure uniformity is to measure each cylinder pressure by mechanical pressure gage during cranking. This conventional method causes inaccuracy of cylinder pressure measurement because of different cranking speed results from battery status and also causes high manhour and cost. To check valve timing, related FEAD parts should be disassembled and timing mark should be checked manually. This study describes and suggests new methodology to measure compression pressure by analysis of start motor current and to check valve timing by cylinder pressure with high accuracy. With this new methodology, possibility to detect leaky cylinder and wrong valve timing was observed.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2020

Here magnetic iron oxide particles (MIOPs) were synthesized under atmospheric air and which size was controlled by regulating the flow rate of alkali addition and used for efficient removal of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from water. The MIOPs were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transformation-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results revealed a successful preparation of the MIOPs. The removal efficiency for BSA using MIOPs was found to be about 100% at lower concentrations (≥ 10 mg/L). The maximum adsorption of 64.7 mg/g for BSA was achieved as per the Langmuir adsorption model. In addition, microfiltration membrane for removal of BSA as model protein organic foulant is also studied. The effect of various MIOPs adsorbent sizes of 210, 680 and 1130 nm on the absorption capacity of BSA was investigated. Water permeability of the BSA integrated with the smallest size MIOPs membrane was increased by approximately 22% compared by the neat BSA membrane during dead-end filtration. Furthermore, the presence of small size MIOPs were also effective in increasing the permeate flux.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a new geopotential model, EIGEN-CG01C which had been developed from CHAMP and GRACE mission observations and surface gravity data. The accuracy analysis was conducted by comparing the geoidal heights computed from two types of geopotential models (i.e., EIGEN-CG01C and EGM96) with spirit leveled GPS bench mark. To this end, three hundred twenty GPS leveled bench marks are used as bases for the numerical investigation. From the analysis, it was possible to conclude that EIGEN-CG01C was more suitable to upgrade the KGEOID 98 since the results that the EGM96 was slightly biased.