• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a highly secure watermarking technique in which the watermark is multi-encrypted using the R, G, and B component pixels of color image, and then the multi-encrypted watermark is hidden in the LSB of the color image pixel. According to the technique proposed in this paper, the quality of the stego-image created by hiding the multi-encrypted watermark in the LSB of the color image is so excellent that the difference from the cover image cannot be recognized. Also, it is possible to extract the original watermark from the stego-image without loss. If the watermark is hidden in the image using the proposed technique, the security of the watermark is maintained very well because the watermark hidden in the stego-image is multi-encrypted. The proposed watermarking technique can be used in the applications such as military and intellectual property protection requiring high security.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1020-1042
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• 2019

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) provides some real-time cloud applications; i.e. the cloud, acting as a data-hider, automatically embeds timestamp in the encrypted image uploaded by a content owner. Many existing methods of RDHEI only satisfy user privacy in which the data-hider does not know the original image, but leaks owner privacy in which the receiver can obtains the original image by decryption and extraction. In the literature, the method of Zhang et al. is the one providing weak content-owner privacy in which the content-owner and data-hider have to share a data-hiding key. In this paper, we take care of the stronger notion, called strong content-owner privacy, and achieve it by presenting a new reversible data hiding in encrypted images. In the proposed method, image decryption and message extraction are separately controlled by different types of keys, and thus such functionalities are decoupled to solve the privacy problem. At the technique level, the original image is segmented along a Hilbert filling curve. To keep image privacy, segments are transformed into an encrypted image by using random permutation. The encrypted image does not reveal significant information about the original one. Data embedment can be realized by using pixel histogram-style hiding, since this property, can be preserved before or after encryption. The proposed method is a modular method to compile some specific reversible data hiding to those in encrypted image with content owner privacy. Finally, our experimental results show that the image quality is 50.85dB when the averaged payload is 0.12bpp.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.632-639
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• 2021

In this paper, we proposed a reversible data hiding technique that greatly enhances the security of confidential data by encrypting confidential data and then spatially encrypting the encrypted confidential data and hiding it in the cover image. When a result image is generated by hiding the encrypted confidential data in the cover image using a spatial encryption technique, the quality of the result image is very good, and the original cover image and the result image cannot be visually distinguished. Since the encrypted confidential data is spatially encrypted and concealed, it is not possible to know where the encrypted confidential data is concealed in the result image, and the encrypted confidential data cannot be extracted from the result image. Even if the encrypted confidential data is extracted, the original confidential data is not known because the confidential data is encrypted. Therefore, if confidential data is concealed in images using the proposed technique, the security of confidential data is greatly improved. The proposed technique can be effectively used in medical and military applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.64-76
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• 2001

In this paper, A simple image hologram encryption and decryption technique based on the principle of interference are proposed. The technique using the photorefractive material for getting a stable interference pattern is also proposed. And combine these two techniques, I would like to implement a stable optical information security system. In the encrypting process, I would generate binary phase hologram which can reconstruct original image perfectly, and regard this hologram as original image to be encrypted image. And then the hologram is encrypted as randomly generated binary phase image. Reference image is also generated from the encrypted image by applying interference rule. In the decrypting process, I can get a interference intensity by interfering the reference image and the encrypted image in the interferometer. and transform inferference intensity information into phase information. I recover original image by inverse Fourier transforming the phase information. In this process, the intensity information generated by interference of two images is very sensitive to external vibrations. So, I would like to get a stable interference using the characteristic of SPPCM(self pumped phase conjugate mirror) in photorefractive materials, especially BaTiO₃.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

The double-random phase encryption (DRPE) algorithm is a robust technique for image encryption, due to its high speed and encoding a primary image to stationary white noise. Recently it was reported that DRPE in the Fresnel domain can achieve a better avalanche effect than that in Fourier domain, which means DRPE in the Fresnel domain is much safer, to some extent. Consequently, a method based on DRPE in the Fresnel domain would be a good choice. In this paper we present an image-authentication method which uses only partial phase information from a double-random-phase-encrypted image in the Fresnel domain. In this method, only part of the phase information of an image encrypted with DRPE in the Fresnel domain needs to be kept, while other information like amplitude values can be eliminated. Then, with the correct phase keys (we do not consider wavelength and distance as keys here) and a nonlinear correlation algorithm, the encrypted image can be authenticated. Experimental results demonstrate that the encrypted images can be successfully authenticated with this partial phase plus nonlinear correlation technique.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2004

In this paper, a practical image security system using SA algorithm and 4-f optical correlator system is proposed. The encrypted image and key image with binary phase components are generated using an iterative SA algorithm. a decrypted image is found through the correlation of the encrypted and key images using 4-f optical correlator system. The encrypted and key images are consisted of binary phase components. So, it is easy to implement the optical security system using the proposed technique. And if we fix the encrypted image in the optical security system and change the key images, we get different images, so it is possible to apply to the distinguished authorization system using different key images. Computer simulations show that despite the binary phase components of the two images(encrypted and key image), decrypted images are generated.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.958-961
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• 1999

A new image encoding and identification scheme is proposed for security verification by using CGH(computer generated hologram), random phase mask, and correlation technique. The encrypted image, which is attached to the security product, is made by multiplying QPH(quadratic phase hologram) using SA(simulated annealing) algorithm with a random phase function. The random phase function plays a role of key when the encrypted image is decrypted. The encrypted image could be optically recovered by 2-f system and automatically verified for personal identification. Simulation results show the proposed method cand be used for the reconstruction and the recognition of the encrypted. Image.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2000

A new image encoding and identification scheme is proposed for security verification by us-ing a CGH(computer generated hologram), random phase mask, and a correlation technique. The encrypted image, which is attached to the security product, is made by multiplying a QP- CGH(quadratic phase CGI) with a random phase function. The random phase function plays a key role when the encrypted image is decrypted. The encrypted image can be optically recovered by a 2-f imaging system and automatically verified for personal identification by a 4-f correlation system. Simulation results show the proposed method can be used for both the reconstruction of an original image and the recognition of an encrypted image.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.658-665
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an improved image encryption and the shift-tolerance method in the Fourier space using a virtual phase image. The encrypted image is obtained by the Fourier transform of the product of a phase-encoded virtual image, not an original image, and a random phase image. Therefore, even if unauthorized users analyze the encrypted image, we can prevent the possibility of counterfeiting from unauthorized people using virtual image which dose not contain any information from the original image. The decryption technique is simply performed by inverse Fourier transform of the interference pattern between the encrypted image and the Fourier decrypting key, made of proposed phase assignment rule, in frequency domain. We demonstrate the robustness to noise, to data loss and shift of the encrypted image or the Fourier decryption key in the proposed technique.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.499-510
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• 2013

Hardware-Software co-simulation of a multiple image encryption technique shall be described in this paper. Our proposed multiple image encryption technique is based on the Latin Square Image Cipher (LSIC). First, a carrier image that is based on the Latin Square is generated by using 256-bits of length key. The XOR operation is applied between an input image and the Latin Square Image to generate an encrypted image. Then, the XOR operation is applied between the encrypted image and the second input image to encrypt the second image. This process is continues until the nth input image is encrypted. We achieved hardware co-simulation of the proposed multiple image encryption technique by using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG). This encryption technique is modeled using Simulink and XSG Block set and synthesized onto Virtex 2 pro FPGA device. We validated our proposed technique by using the hardware software co-simulation method.