• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2022

군용항공기는 노후화로 인해 LRU 개조가 필요한 경우가 많다. 최근 KA-O 공중통제기에 대해 사출좌석 교체 및 항공전자장비 추가 등 LRU 개조가 진행되면서 연료소비곡선 상의 항공기 운용 무게중심이 요구 사양 범위를 벗어나게 되었다. 이러한 범위를 벗어난 무게중심은 적절한 방법을 도입하여 수정해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 KA-O와 같은 군용 소형항공기의 LRU 개조로 인해 변경된 공허중량 무게중심을 수정하고 검증하는 절차를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 LRU 수정에 따른 공허중량 무게중심의 변화를 종합적으로 관찰한 뒤, 다수의 밸러스트를 엔진 설치대에 추가되어 연료소비곡선의 공허중량 무게중심을 안전한 작동 범위로 복원시킨다. 제안된 밸러스트 배치는 다양한 작동 조건에 대한 응력 및 피로해석을 통해 설치를 검증한다. 공허중량 무게중심 수정에 대한 공개 정보가 많지 않은 점을 고려할 때 본 연구는 항공기 개조 시 공허중량 무게중심을 수정하고 검증하기 위한 절차를 제시한다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1990

A procedure to standardize camel carcass fabrication is proposed. This includes a definitive method of jointing the carcass into wholesale neck, shoulder, brisket, rib, plate, loin, flank, rump and leg cuts. Carcass cutout data were collected from the right sides of 21 Najdi male camels averaging 8, 16 and 26 months of age in order to determine the influence of age on the weight of each wholesale cut. The weight of body, empty body, hot carcass, cold carcass, hump fat, kidney, pelvic and heart fat (KPH) and each wholesale cut increased (p < .01) with age. Except for percent shrinkage and wholesale rump weight, all studied traits increased (p < .01) linearly as the age increased. This change was most pronounced in wholesale flank and plate cuts, increasing by 4.2 and 3.4 times, respectively, while the rump and shoulder cuts changed the least, increasing by 1.8 and 1.9 times, respectively. Allometric growth coefficients indicated that as the camel grew, the weight of rib, brisket, plate and flank cuts increased relatively more rapidly than did cold carcass or empty body weight and that the weight of wholesale shoulder, neck, leg and rump increased less rapidly than did cold carcass or empty body weight.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2022

Cyclic Voltammetry and weight loss measurements were used to investigate corrosion prevention of tin in a 0.5M citric acid solution containing Anthocyanins extracted from grapes at various concentrations and temperatures. Results showed that the investigated chemicals, Anthocyanins extracted from grapes, performed well as tin corrosion inhibitors in 0.5M citric acid. Increasing the concentration of Anthocyanins increased their corrosion inhibition efficiencies. When the temperature dropped, their inhibition efficiencies, increased indicating that higher temperature tin dissolution predominated the adsorption of Anthocyanins at the surface of tin metal. When inhibitor concentrations were increased, their inhibition efficiencies were also increased. These results revealed that corrosion of tin metal was inhibited by a mixed type of adsorption on the metal surface. The adsorption isotherm of Langmuir governed the adsorption of Anthocyanins. Thermodynamic parameters such as the enthalpy of adsorption, the entropy of adsorption, and Gibbs free energy and kinetic parameters such as activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation were computed and discussed in this study.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.635-637
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• 2012

In Gen-2 Q-algorithm, the value of initial $Q_{fp}$ and weight C is not defined in the standard. If we let the initial $Q_{fp}$ be large or small, the number of empty slot will be large during the initial query round or almost all the slots will be collided, respectively. Also, if the reader selects an inappropriate weight, there are a lot of empty or collided slots. As a result, it is anticipated that the performance will be declined because the frame size does not converge to the optimal point quickly during the query round. In this paper, we analyze how the performances of Gen-2 Q-algorithm will be affected by the weight and initial slot-count size.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.504-512
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• 1990

In experiment 1, dietary self-selection of the 3 macronutrients, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were examined in male rats given 3 food cups of 80% carbohydrate, 80% protein, and 70% fat diets simultaneously. All the rats showed normal growth pattern and organ weight, which means they have ability to select just right kinds and amounts of nurients in order to support their growth and development. Mean values of caloric intake, body weight gain, serum lipid values and empty carcass compositions were not significantly differ between the upper and lower quartile groups of fat proportion of empty carcass compared to the lower quartile group(LF). Same feeding design was employed in experiment 2 where the effect of mild electric stress on food selection was studied. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The stress group showed higher caloric intake and body weight gain than control group, but no significant effects of stress on serum and empty carcass components was found. Even though normal rats seemed to select macronutrients according to their physiolosical needs, there were individual differences in food selection whether they were exposed to stress or not. Therefore life long individual food selection pattern may have a great influence on nutritional status and chronic degenerative diseases of eldery, and on aging process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1228-1234
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• 2000

The reported study was conducted on range managed Malpura ewes that were non-breeding empty, were at an advanced stage of pregnancy, and were in early lactation, under a protocol of free grazing with concentrate supplementation at 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% of their body weight to assess their plane of nutrition and nutrient intake. The biomass yield of pasture plots was 1689, 1820 and 2912 kg/ha in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases, respectively. In addition to natural shrubs and forbs, Cenchrus ciliaris (36.4%) and dead litter (31.6%) were the major component of pasture vegetation during pregnancy. The dead litter disappeared during the lactation and empty phase with a concomitant increase in distribution of Cenchrus ciliaris to 73.0 and 87.2% respectively. The daily dry matter consumption from supplemental concentrate and free grazing was 70.1, 57.3 and 63.5 g/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ with concentrate to roughage ratio of 40:60, 47:53 and 33:67 in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases respectively. Digestibility of DM and OM were similar in the three phases while CP digestibility was higher (p<0.0l) during lactation than other two phases. Digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose were higher (p<0.0l) in empty than pregnancy and lactation, while hemicellulose digestibility was similar in lactation and empty and lower in pregnancy phase. The ewes in ~hases of pregnancy, lactation and empty consumed 7.1, 7.7 and 6.1 g DCP and 197.2, 214.6 and 232.5 kcal DE/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. It is concluded that ewes maintained on semi-arid Cenchrus dominated pasture with concentrate supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and empty phases consumed 45.2, 45.1 and 35.2 g DCP/Mcal ME respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1993

Twelve docked and 12 intact Najdi lambs of equal numbers of males and females were slaughtered at 40 kg shorn shrunk body weight, Lipid in all empty body fat components; namely, subcutaneous, intermuscular, intramuscular, omental, mesenteric, channel, perirenal, pericardial, tail, viscera, bone and hide, were determined. Except for ram lambs, which had a lower percentage of lipid in intermuscular partition in loin cut, sex did not influence the relative proportion of subcutaneous or intermuscular fat in each wholesale cut. The data also showed that docking did not change the distribution of lipid in intermuscular and intramuscular fat partitions in each wholesale cut. Docked lambs tended to accumulate lower proportions of the lipid in subcutaneous fat component in the cuts located along the dorsal line than intact lambs. The total amount of lipid deposited in the empty body of ewe lamb was heavier in weight than that of ram lamb. Docking had no effect on the distribution of total lipid in the empty body, except for subcutaneous fat component, being greater in docked lambs than did intact ones. Generally, the highest proportion of fat was associated with subcutaneous depot followed, in order, by intermuscular, mesenteric, tail, intramuscular and omental fat partitions.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.57-60
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• 2004

A domestic's freight stock is about 14,000 cars. Most of them is consisted of casting bogie type. Casting bogie type has some problems such as maintenance, part abrasion, running safety etc. Now a day casting bogie type have replaced with welded type bogie for high speed. The maximum speed of the container freight car is 70km/h limit at empty weight condition in case of casting type bogie frame. So there are some difficulty in commercial service for high speed coaches. Then we should re-decide whether the casting bogie type has speed up 90km/h limit at empty weight through out the vibration characteristic.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.653-655
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• 2011

EPCglobal proposed a Q-algorithm, which is used for selecting a slot-count in the next query round. However, it is impossible to allocate an optimized slot-count because the original Q-algorithm did not define an optimized weight C value. In this paper, we propose an adaptive Q-algorithm, in which we differentiate the weight values with respect to collision and empty slots. The weight values are defined with the identification time as well as the collision probability.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.558-566
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• 2021

Objective: Objectives were to estimate energy and protein requirements of dairy crossbred steers, as well as to evaluate equations previously described in the literature (HH46 and CS16) to predict the carcass and empty body chemical composition of crossbred dairy cattle. Methods: Thirty-three Holstein×Zebu steers, aged 19±1 months old, with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 324±7.7 kg, were randomly divided into three groups: reference group (n = 5), maintenance level (1.17% BW; n = 4), and the remaining 24 steers were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments were: intake restricted to 85% of ad libitum feed intake for either 0, 28, 42, or 84 d of an 84-d finishing period. Results: The net energy and the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance were 0.083 Mcal/EBW0.75/d and 4.40 g/EBW0.75, respectively. The net energy (NEG) and protein (NPG) requirements for growth can be estimated with the following equations: NEG (Mcal/kg EBG) = $0.2973_{({\pm}0.1212)}{\times}EBW^{0.4336_{({\pm}0.1002)}$ and NPG (g/d) = 183.6(±22.5333)×EBG-2.0693(±4.7254)×RE, where EBW, empty BW; EBG, empty body gain; and RE, retained energy. Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) chemical contents in carcass, and all the chemical components in the empty body were precisely and accurately estimated by CS16 equations. However, water content in carcass was better predicted by HH46 equation. Conclusion: The equations proposed in this study can be used for estimating the energy and protein requirements of crossbred dairy steers. The CS16 equations were the best estimator for CP and EE chemical contents in carcass, and all chemical components in the empty body of crossbred dairy steers, whereas water in carcass was better estimated using the HH46 equations.