• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2015

Background: The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Methods: Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. Results: The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. Conclusion: From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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• pp.163-169
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• 2000

In order to explore pathological characteristics of emotional regulation, the differences of affective primacy effects have been observed between schizophrenics and normal subjects. The transference of priming effect on rating tasks has been found for normal subjects only at suboptimal conditions, yet schizophrenics presented the transference of priming effect at optimal as well as suboptimal conditions. Finally, the effects this malfunction of emotional regulation would make on emotional pathology of schizophrenics is discussed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

This study investigates the working conditions of shift workers according to age group by analyzing the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey's data. A total of 1,323 shift workers were extracted from the dataset. Three age groups (A: 20s-30s, B: 40s-50s, C: 60s and above) were statistically compared in terms of health problems, emotional hazard exposure, work-life imbalance, and satisfaction with working conditions. Elderly shift workers (those in their 60s and above) had significantly more severe health problems and work-life imbalance, greater exposure to emotional hazards, and lower satisfaction with working conditions than young shift workers (those in their 20s-50s). The study's findings reveal the characteristics of working conditions for elderly shift workers and would be useful for improving shift workers' quality of life, as well as safety and productivity in the workplace.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.372-381
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how job overload, relationship with senior perceived by nurses and emotional exhaust related to turnover and explored the mediating role of emotional exhaust in job characteristics-turnover relationship. Method: Participants were 280 nurses from around the greater metropolitan area of Seoul, completed questionnaires. Correlation and Structural Equation Models were employed to investigate the various factors associated with this. Result: Job overload related positively to emotional exhaust and turnover and the quality of relationship with senior related negatively to emotional exhaust but positively to turnover. These findings suggest the important role played by job conditions in preventing nurses' emotional burnout and the intention to quit their jobs. Furthermore, emotional burnout mediated the effects of these job characteristics on nurses' turnover. Conclusion: It is suggested that the benefit of job conditions and emotional burnout should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to improve nurse retention and. social supporting programs for nurses more generally.

• 감성과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2008

감성디자인 접근방법은 다양한 방법이 연구되어 소개되고 있지만 어떠한 진행방법이 정확한지에 대한 기준은 없다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 다양한 감성디자인에 대한 연구방법 중 새로운 접근방법으로서 감성에 대한 구조 모델화 프로세스를 제시하였다. 실험에서는 수량화 3류（Quantification theory type 3) 분석을 통해 속성의 의미를 해석하여 푸드용품에 대한 감성모델을 실험하였다. 실험결과 푸드용품 디자인을 위한 감성요인으로는 조형성, 분위기, 기능성, 정보 등의 4가지 요인의 항목이 감성디자인과 관계가 깊은 것을 알 수 있다. 추출된 4가지 항목에 대해 감성적 의미를 정리해보면 다음과 같이 정의할 수 있다. (1. 요리를 하기에 편리한 기능이 있는가? 2. 요리에 사용하는 용기는 조형적인가? 3. 요리할 때 분위기를 연출할 수 있는가? 4. 요리에 관한 정보를 얼마만큼 얻을 수 있는가?)의 정의된 내용을 중심으로 각각의 세부항목에 대해 설계요건 항목을 분류하여 감성모델을 구축하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.438-445
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• 2005

This research examines how various dimensions of physical environments influence patrons' psychological responses(especially emotional responses) in the restaurant service setting, and how these emotional responses, in turn, influence patrons' attitude formation. The result of empirical research indicates that restaurant physical environments have a significant effect patrons' emotional responses, and that these psychological experiences serve as critical mediators in the restaurant physical environments-store attitudes relationship. However, the effects of restaurant physical environments on patrons' psychological responses varied with the dimensions of physical environments. First, the effect of cleanliness on emotional responses was most significant, especially on negative emotion, out of 4 dimension of restaurant physical environment. Second, ambient conditions are the most important predictor on customers' positive emotion, and in turn, positive emotion has the most significant effects on customers' attitude formation of restaurant. Therefore, the result suggests that restaurants should manage(or, improve) their ambient conditions(e.g. background music, scents, ventilation, noise etc.) for efficiently maximizing customers' positive attitude. The implications of this study are discussed, and ideas for future work suggested.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.184-196
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• 2017

Purpose: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. Methods: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. Results: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2017

Objective: This study examined differences in preschoolers' prosocial decision-making, emotion understanding in prosocial dilemmas based on the age and emotional conditions of a counterpart child, and the effects of emotion understanding on preschoolers' prosocial decision-making. Methods: The participants were 114 children (35 3-year-olds, 39 4-year-olds, and 40 5-year-olds). Each child was presented individually with prosocial dilemma tasks and was asked to make decisions and understand emotions (in prosocial and desire-fulfilled situations) based on the emotional conditions of a counterpart child. Results: First, the 4- and 5-year-olds showed more prosocial decision-making in prosocial dilemmas than the 3-year-olds. Prosocial decision-making was significantly lower when the counterpart child was angry, rather than neutral or sadness. Second, in prosocial situations, the 5-year-olds displayed higher positive emotion understanding scores than the 3-year-olds, And in desire-fulfilled situations, the 3-year-olds showed positive emotion understanding, whereas the 4- and 5-year-olds showed negative emotion understanding. Finally, children were more inclined toward prosocial decision-making when they showed higher emotion understanding in prosocial situations, lower emotion understanding in desire-fulfilled situations, and greater age. These were equal to all emotional conditions of the counterpart child. Conclusion: These results suggest that emotion understanding is an important component of social cognition, which effects preschoolers' prosocial decision-making.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-109
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• 2020

관광산업에서는 종사자들이 고객들과 직접 대면 접촉을 할 기회가 빈번하다는 점에서 감정노동과 관련된 문제가 발생할 가능성이 매우 높은 분야이다. 그렇지만 감정노동이 유사한 상황에서 항상 모두에게 동일한 형태로 인식되는 것은 아니다. 조사지에서 보는 것과 같이 감정노동은 개인의 특성과 사회문화적, 경제적 상황에 따라 다양하게 나타난다. 감정노동에 영향을 미치는 요소가 대단히 많고, 또 이런 요소들이 미치는 영향력의 수준은 시기와 장소에 따라 상이하게 표출될 수도 있다. 감정노동에 대한 생각이나 감정 노동으로 인한 스트레스 등 심리적, 정신적 고통은 여러 가지 요인에 의해 달라진다. 연령, 근무기간, 성별에 따라 감정노동에 대한 판단은 분명한 차이를 보인다. 특히 미국으로의 국제노동이주의 경험이나 향후에 국제노동 이주에 참여할 의사가 있는 사람들의 경우에는 감정노동을 심각한 문제로 인식하지 않거나 오히려 긍정적인 사회문화적 경험으로 받아들이는 경우가 많았다. 실제로 오아하카에 다양한 형태의 관광분야 종사자들이 존재하고, 이들이 겪는 경험은 개인과 경제적, 사회문화적 환경에 따라 매우 다르다. 오아하카의 관광 분야 종사자들의 감정노동도 여러 가지 조건에 따라 다양한 형태를 지니고 있다. 감정노동의 긍정적 혹은 부정적 인식과 결과는 개인과 작업조건의 상황에 따라 상이하게 표출된다. 즉 개인의 인성이나 경험, 사회문화적 특성, 작업장에서의 자율성 등 사회경제적 조건이 상당한 영향을 미친다. 결과적으로 개인에게 표현되고 이해되는 감정노동의 형태와 영향은 상당히 다양하고 상황에 따라 변화할 수도 있다. 이런 문제들을 고려하면 감정노동이 나타나는 방식은 경제적 요소 뿐 아니라 사회문화적 혹은 개인적 요소에 의해 상당한 영향을 받는다. 또 특정 업종이나 일의 성격에 따라 감정노동의 존재와 심각성을 주어진 것으로 간주하기보다, 개인에 따른 감정노동의 차이를 인지하고, 감정노동으로 인한 문제의 심각성을 경험하는 방식과 내용이 개인마다 상당히 다르다는 점도 함께 인식해야 한다. 이런 의미에서 감정노동의 역동성과 다양성, 다차원성을 분명하게 새로운 시각으로 파악할 필요가 있다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle pains of emotional laborers and determine whether there were differences in their muscle pains depending on the hours spent on emotional labor. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 3rd (2011) Korean Working Conditions Survey. 50,032 participants responded to the study's questionnaire. Among them, 15,669 participants were emotional laborers who directly dealt with people such as customers, passengers, pupils, patients, etc. Results: Thirty three percent of subjects had reported muscle pains. Muscle pains of subjects were positively related to the hours spent on emotional labor (p<.001). According to the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odd ratio of the subjects who spent about almost all of the work hours on emotional labor was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15~1.52), compared to the subjects who spent about a quarter of their work hours on emotional labor, when other factors were controlled. Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that engaging in emotional labor for longer hours increases the risks of muscle pains. Occupational nurses must pay closer attention to the management of muscle pains of emotional laborers.