• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

Long-term exposure to loud noise affects performance since it changes arousal level, distracts attention, and also is able to evoke subjective stress accompanied by negative emotional states. The purpose of the study was to analyze dynamics of subjective and physiological variables during a relatively long-lasting (30 min) exposure to white noise (85 dB[A]). Physiological signals were recorded on 15 college students during 30 min of intense auditory stimulation. Autonomic variables, namely skin conductance level , non-specific SCR number, inter-best intervals in ECG, heart rate variability index (HF/LF ratio of HRV), skin temperature, as well as respiration rate were analyzed on 5 min epoch basis. Psychological assessment (subjective rating of stress level) was also repeated every 5 min. Statistical analysis was employed to trace the time course of the dynamics of subjective and autonomic physiological variables and their relationships. Results showed that the intense noise evoked subjective stress as well as associated autonomic nervous system responses. However it was shown that physiological variables endured specific changes in the process of exposure to the loud white noise. Discussed were probable psychophysiological mechanisms mediating reactivity to long-term auditory stimulation of high intensity, namely short-term activation, followed by transient adaptation (with relatively stable autonomic balance) and then a subsequent wave of arousal due to tonic sympathetic dominance.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2001

Applying perceptual hierarchy of facial feature points, a neural network model for recognizing facial expressions was designed. Input data were convolution values of 150 facial expression pictures by Gabor-filters of 5 different sizes and 8 different orientations for each of 39 mesh points defined by MPEG-4 SNHC (Synthetic/Natural Hybrid Coding). A set of multiple regression analyses was performed with the rating value of the affective states for each facial expression and the Gabor-filtered values of 39 feature points. The results show that the pleasure-displeasure dimension of affective states is mainly related to the feature points around the mouth and the eyebrows, while a arousal-sleep dimension is closely related to the feature points around eyes. For the filter sizes. the affective states were found to be mostly related to the low spatial frequency. and for the filter orientations. the oblique orientations. An optimized neural network model was designed on the basis of these results by reducing original 1560(39x5x8) input elements to 400(25x2x8) The optimized model could predict human affective rating values. up to the correlation value of 0.886 for the pleasure-displeasure, and 0.631 for the arousal-sleep. Mapping the results of the optimized model to the six basic emotional categories (happy, sad, fear, angry, surprised, disgusted) fit 74% of human responses. Results of this study imply that, using human principles of recognizing facial expressions, a system for recognizing facial expressions can be optimized even with a a relatively little amount of information.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

With the development of information technology (IT), various information systems (IS) such as Web-based systems and mobile systems have appeared utilizing different technologies. However, recent studies on IS use and user satisfaction rarely account for technological differences among IS and environmental characteristics where IS are intended to be used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of the use of Web-based ticketing systems for cultural activities and to empirically validate their relationships. Environmental psychology suggests that human beings respond to external stimuli from environments with their emotions, and their emotional states influence human actions, e.g., IS use in this research. Applying environmental psychology to the use of Web-based systems in the culture and entertainment industry, we propose that web site characteristics first influence a user's internal state of mind (i.e., flow) and then the flow state influences the IS use. Studies related to the state of flow collectively affirm the key role played by the flow construct in shaping individual attitudes and behaviors toward IS. Users' flow states are captured by their shopping enjoyment, perceived behavioral control, and the level of concentration on the IS use. Referring to social presence theory, we have included such web site characteristics as content quality, context of web site, and community quality. In our research model, a second order construct is utilized to represent web site quality, because flow theory suggests that holistic experiences with web-based systems (rather than individual characteristics of the web site) are important in explaining the IS use. Further, we have included trust as another important factor influencing the IS use since business transactions on the web encompass higher uncertainty comparing to offline transactions. In order to test our hypotheses, we have conducted an online survey which results in 1,141 valid responses in the final sample. The data were collected from respondents who have experiences in Internet ticketing systems. Although it was a convenient sample, the sample represents a wide variety of user demographics. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were tested and research hypotheses were examined using PLS Graph 3.0. The results indicate that web site characteristics significantly influence the level of user concentration, user's enjoyment in shopping, and perceived behavioral control. Further, the use of Internet ticketing systems is influenced by users' flow states and trust in the web channel. User satisfaction is turned out to be affected by the use of Internet ticketing systems. Unlike extant research on the relationship between web site characteristics and its use, our study has found that, in the culture and entertainment industry, the impact of web site characteristics on IS use is mediated by a user's flow state. This finding has a practical implication that web site design should include as many features that enhance shopping enjoyment and concentration. Other practical implications of these findings and future research implications are also discussed.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

The correlations between electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power and emotional responses during affective sound clip listening are important parameters. Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by power value, is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing Event-related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) results. Thirty healthy college male students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS(International Affective Digital Sounds) clips. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, high pleasure-high arousal (happy), middle pleasure-low arousal (neutral) and low pleasure-high arousal (fear). The analysis of the data was performed in both theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (8-13Hz) bands. ERSP maps in the alpha band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high pleasure (happy) in the right frontal lobe, while the stronger power responses of middle-low pleasure (neutral and fear) in the left frontal lobe. Moreover, ERSP maps in the theta band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left pre-frontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta. And there are the strongest responses of happy sounds in the alpha band around the whole frontal regions. These results are well suited for emotion recognition, and provide the evidences that theta and alpha powers may have the more important role in the emotion processing than previously believed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

Previous works have observed that persons who have experienced social exclusion have lower perceptions of body temperature and environmental temperature, and seek physical warmth such as warm drinks and warm water shower. The present study aimed to expand the results of these previous works to the dimensions of color emotions or color symbols. Hence, four experiments were conducted in which pictures of people with warm or cold colors applied to them were shown to the subjects, who were asked to evaluate the people in the pictures to determine whether their preferences changed depending on their perception of social exclusion. The results showed that the subjects with perceived social exclusion had stronger preferences for people in warm colors over those in cold colors, but the subjects without perceived social exclusion had no differences in their preferences for the people in the two types of colors. This study is significant in that it expanded the compensation hypothesis, which states that people try to compensate their psychological loss by pursuing external goals from the physical dimension to the emotional and symbolic dimensions. Furthermore, this study has implications in that it proposes the need for warm emotions in places where people who have experienced social exclusion are treated, such as psychological counseling centers.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of in-service education on the nurse-newborn play interaction. The research design adopted the pre-experimental design applied only for one pretest-posttest group and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework. The subjects were 26 nurses who were selected from 2 nurseries in general hospital in Pusan, and 52 healthy newborns who were after 4 days from birth during data collection period at the same hospital. The data were collected from June 1st to October 5th in 2001, by video-taping for the interactive behaviors between the nurse and the newborn, played for 5 minutes in nurseries 2 weeks before and after in-service education. The in-service education consisted of the newborn's behavior responses focused on the newborn baby's states, behavior, cues and state modulation, 3 times per 1 week, 90 minutes per 1 time, lecture, demonstration and hand out project. The experimental tool used for this research was Ha Young-Soo's Korean translation of the Maternal-Infant Play Interaction Scale by Thompson, Jody Baird, Sara Gordman, Bryant(1982), some parts of which were adapted to be suitable for the purpose of this research. Mother and baby scale by Wolke & James-Roberts(1987) was also modified and used as the criterion of nurse's perception of a newborn baby. The results of this study were as follows: 1. This result supported the major hypothesis : After the intervention of in-service education, the nurse and newborn play interaction was promoted. 2. After intervention of in-service education, the nurse perception of newborn, especially the criteria of newborn's reaction was promoted., The results of this research confirm that in-service education on the newborn's behavior responses such as states, behavior, cues and state modulation is an effective way to improve the interaction between the nurse and the baby. It elevated the nurse's sensitivities to the baby's needs. Therefore, in-service education can change the conditions of current nursing practice mostly centered on physical care into a better one in which nurses consider the emotional, social, and intellectual development stages of babies. Accordingly, in-service education contributed to promoting the effective nurse-newborn play interaction so positively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.366-378
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• 2015

The purpose of this study conducted in the United States was to identify the level of role stressors among professions at centers for independent living and to investigate the relationship between role stressors and burnout at the target population. A total of 218 professions completed a web-based and hard copy survey. The participants reported a mean (standard deviation) score of 22.48 (5.80) for the role conflict dimension, 22.20 (4.30) for the role ambiguity dimension, and 9.14 (2.55) for the role overload. Demographic assessment of the differences on the mean score of the three role stressors revealed significant associations with that age, job title, highest level of education, years of human service experience and working hours per week for role conflict/role ambiguity, and experience in human service for role overload. The role conflict, ambiguity, and overload stressors were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization explaining 26% and 14% of the variance, respectively. None of the stressors significant predicted personal accomplishment. The results indicate that role conflict, ambiguity, and overload are important predictors of burnout among professions at centers for independent living.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.473-489
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• 2018

Our society has an obligation and responsibility to respect and protect the character of the child. Recently, however, Korean society has been suffering from child abuse and abuse that is pouring out every day. In order to protect these children, the child protection system and the judicial system should be fundamentally child-friendly. The CASA(Court Appointed Special Advocates) volunteer program, which is being held in the United States with such a concern, is a continuing program of court attendance and emotional support services for abused children throughout the United States. In Korea, however, there are many similar programs such as mentoring projects, dream co-supporters project similar to the CASA program in various organizations of the region and the enactment of the Act on the Punishment of Child Abuse increases the involvement of the public system in child abuse. There is also an increased awareness of children's rights and strengthened government intervention through active monitoring to prevent recurrence of child abuse. These changes in the Korean society should be actively reviewed by the US CASA program and settled as a national project in the Korean society so that the system of protecting the safety and rights of the victims of child abuse will be established. It is anticipated to be a way to prevent social problems from occurring in advance.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.384-396
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the approaches, methods and questions asked in intensive care unit studies published in Korean journals and the American Journal of Critical Care (AJCC) from 1992 to 2011. Only quantitative studies were reviewed. Methods: A total of 144 studies published in four Korean Journals and 521 studies published in American Journal of Critical Care (AJCC) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The most frequently used research design reported in Korean journals were surveys (83.5%), protocol development (10.1%), and randomized controlled trials (6.2%). In AJCC, the most frequently reported design was survey research (90.4%) and randomized controlled trials (16.1%). The most frequent nursing intervention reported in the AJCC was tube care (10.8%), and in Korean journals the intervention of suctioning (10.8%). In Korea, nurses were more likely to study instrument measurements (31.0%) and positioning (13.5%). In reported studies in the AJCC there were more reports on emotional support, exercise, and measurement research. Conclusion: There is overlap in the type of studies between the two countries in term of study design, whereas the types of nursing problems studied differed in United States and Korea. The result suggests that there were gaps and those more diverse studies and physiological measurements are needed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 1998

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression, & anger which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Hwabyung patients.The subjects in this study were 35 Hwabyung patients and 40 Non-Hwabyung persons, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression, & anger. We used Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) & State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI).The results of this study are as follows:1. There were significant differences in the 18 items of SAS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).2. There were significant differences in the 13 items of SDS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of SAS and SDS between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.001 respectively).4. There were significant differences in the mean scores of State Anger, Trait Anger, Trait Anger/Temperament, Anger-in & Anger-out counted by STAXI between Hwabyung patients and the control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.01, p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p＜0.05 respectively).5. There were significant relationships between State Anger & Anxiety, Anger-out & Trait Anger/Temperament, Depression & Anxiety(r=.43, r=.37, r=.64).