• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness, young child attachment stability, and emotion regulation ability on problematic behaviors. The participants of this study consisted of 279 children (age 5), and their mothers, and 48 teachers. Methods: The data was analyzed by means of t -test, Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and SEM analyses. Results and Conclusion: The major findings were as follows. First, higher maternal attitude toward child emotional expressiveness was associated with better child attachment stability. Second, higher child attachment stability was associated with better child emotion regulation at home and lower problematic behavior. Third, higher child emotion regulation at home and in the classroom was associated with lower problematic behavior. Fourth, maternal attitudes toward child emotional expressiveness directly impacted levels of problematic behavior. Fifth, child emotional regulation fully mediated the effect of attachment stability on problematic behavior.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2023

Background: This study investigated the effects of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction among dental hygienists. Methods: Data were collected from 296 dental hygienists working at clinical sites in Korea between July 25 and August 15, 2022. Participants were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The mediating effect of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction was tested using Baron and Kenny's 3-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Emotional labor was negatively correlated with positive psychological capital (r=-0.148, p=0.011) and job satisfaction (r=-0.214, p<0.001). Positive psychological capital had a positive correlation with job satisfaction (r=0.441, p<0.001). In addition, the positive psychological capital, had a partial mediating effect (z=-2.472, p=0.013) on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Attitudes that reduce emotional labor, which adversely affects job satisfaction, and bolster positive psychological capital are needed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of subscales of emotional intelligence on empathy in first-year medical students. Methods : A total of 215 first-year medical students were eligible for this study. Demographic factors (age, sex, and medical school entrance type) and measures for emotional intelligence and empathy, such as the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, were included in the survey. The relationship between emotional intelligence and empathy was analyzed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and entrance type. Results : The female students' level of emotional intelligence was higher than the male students for the self-emotional appraisal (p=0.029) and others' emotional appraisal (p=0.006) subscales. Meanwhile, the graduate-entry students scored higher for the use of emotion (p<0.001) and regulation of emotion (p=0.010) subscales than the direct-entry students. For empathy, the female students revealed a higher score in empathic concern (p=0.009) than the male students, and graduate-entry students scored higher than the direct-entry students in perspective taking (p=0.004) and empathic concern (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis has identified significant influences of subscales of emotional intelligence on empathy: others' emotional appraisal on perspective taking (p<0.001), self-emotional appraisal (p=0.035) and regulation of emotion (p=0.023) on fantasy, others' emotional appraisal (p<0.001) and use of emotion (p=0.020) on empathic concern, and self-emotional appraisal (p=0.033) and regulation of emotion (p<0.001) on personal distress. Conclusion : This study's findings suggest that emotional intelligence may affect empathy in medical students, which can have implications for developing educational strategies to enhance empathetic attitudes in medical students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the experiences of breast milk feeding information and education, breast milk feeding knowledge and attitude and needs for breast milk feeding nutrition education of high school students to encourage breast milk feeding. The subjects were 565 (male: 250, female: 315) high school students from first to third grade. The results obtained were as follows: In this survey, only 30.0% of subjects experienced breast milk feeding information and only 6.1% of subjects had breast milk feeding education. And the subjects showed the average scores of knowledge of breast milk feeding were 0.29 points of 1 point. Subjects knew well about ingredients of breast milk but they didn't know well about the physiology and method of breast milk feeding and benefits of breast milk feeding for mothers. The average scores of attitude of breast milk feeding were 3.03 points of 4 points, showed slight positive attitudes of breast milk feeding, but they had negative attitudes of emotional and practical aspects. The future plan of feeding practices was breast milk feeding 35.9% and 60.0% of formula milk feeding. A concern was that the students showed high ratio of formula milk feeding plan and they decided by incorrect knowledge of breast milk feeding. The 33.5% of students answered high school students will need breast milk feeding nutrition education, and they thought hospital faculties were the proper educators of breast milk feeding education, but dietitians were recomended as educators because of easy access at school and good knowledge of life-cycle nutrition. Therefore, to encourage breast milk feeding by mothers and supporters of breast milk feeding, breast milk feeding nutrition education is needed urgently among high school male and female students. And nutrition education programs will have to contain benefits of breast milk for babies and mothers and physiology and practical methods of breast milk feeding to improve emotional and practical attitudes for breast milk feeding. Nationwide campaign to promote breast milk feeding at public areas will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.764-769
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to examine how customers perceive storytelling at a real local restaurant and to understand how consumption reflects their evaluation by understanding their values. Participants received information from a real local restaurant in the Gangneung area to examine the effects of storytelling and to evaluate their affective attitudes towards local restaurant stories, word-of-mouth intentions, and purchasing intentions using a seven-point Likert scale. A total of 310 consumers were used. A factor analysis was performed to identify consumption value characteristics and factor structure, which consisted economic value, emotional value, and epistemic value. To test whether local restaurant consumers could be classified into homogenous groups based on their consumption values, a three cluster solution was selected, and a Kmeans cluster analysis was performed. As a result, three groups were identified and labeled appropriate for their scores based on each of the consumption values; emotional value-oriented consumers to cluster 1, epistemic value-oriented consumers to cluster 2, and economic value-oriented consumers to cluster 3. An analysis of variance was used to examine the differences in the affective attitudes towards storytelling at the local restaurant, purchasing intentions, and word-of-mouth intentions across the three clusters. The epistemic value-oriented consumers had the highest score for all three variables. In contrast, economic value-oriented consumers had the lowest scores for the three variables. A regression analysis revealed that affective attitudes towards storytelling were significantly affected by these three consumption values. It also showed that positive affective attitudes towards storytelling were associated with higher purchasing intention and word-of-mouth. The significance of this study was to show how customers perceive storytelling at a real restaurant and reflect on their evaluation by understanding their consumption values. As a result, this study examined the potential power of storytelling as an effective marketing communication tool for local restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.438-445
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• 2005

This research examines how various dimensions of physical environments influence patrons' psychological responses(especially emotional responses) in the restaurant service setting, and how these emotional responses, in turn, influence patrons' attitude formation. The result of empirical research indicates that restaurant physical environments have a significant effect patrons' emotional responses, and that these psychological experiences serve as critical mediators in the restaurant physical environments-store attitudes relationship. However, the effects of restaurant physical environments on patrons' psychological responses varied with the dimensions of physical environments. First, the effect of cleanliness on emotional responses was most significant, especially on negative emotion, out of 4 dimension of restaurant physical environment. Second, ambient conditions are the most important predictor on customers' positive emotion, and in turn, positive emotion has the most significant effects on customers' attitude formation of restaurant. Therefore, the result suggests that restaurants should manage(or, improve) their ambient conditions(e.g. background music, scents, ventilation, noise etc.) for efficiently maximizing customers' positive attitude. The implications of this study are discussed, and ideas for future work suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.17-41
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate meaning of teachers as they manifest themselves in the emotional regulation of 2year old infants in a daycare center. In addition, the research attempts to provide basic research data that can be used as a guideline for teacher's awareness, roles, attitudes, and classroom management for infant's emotional education in the future. To achieve this goal, participatory observation was conducted in a child care center class for infants under 2 years old from January 17 to January 29, 2012. The teacher is defined as follow : Teachers are authority figures whose image is that of absolute authority, and coupled with their dual role of passive caretakers. Additionally, they function as guides who guided infants through the process of emotional socialization, and played the central role of emotional contagion from whose expression speech and atmosphere the said infants receive much influence. Such results seemed to indicate that teachers today do not fully comprehend the importance of their roles in influencing the emotion regulation of infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the perception of marital conflict and child rearing attitudes on abuse experience and emotional maladjustment behavior in children. Methods: Data were collected from May 25 to June 5, 2009. A questionnaire survey was used with 320 elementary school students. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: For effects of perception of marital conflict and child rearing attitude on abuse experience among these children, authoritarian controlling disposition, affectionate disposition and marital conflict had a significant impact on their overall abuse experience. These variables were predictors of child abuse and accounted for 30.6% of the variance. For effects of perception of marital conflict, child rearing attitude and abuse experience on emotional maladjustment behavior among children, there was a significant influence for marital conflict, neglect, emotional abuse and authoritarian controlling disposition. These variables were predictors of emotional maladjustment behavior and accounted for 21.5% of the variance. Conclusion: The results indicate that marital conflict and child rearing attitude are two major variables affecting children’s abuse experience and emotional maladjustment behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.5
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• pp.81-105
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• 1984

The intention of this study was: 1) to standardize the Korean version of the Dogmatism Scale, 2) to examine whether environmental structure affects value systems such as attitudes toward work, time perspective and the personality dimension of dogmatism in adolescent vocational and non-vocational trainees, 3) to examine relationships between those value systems and group differences in personality characteristics of vocational and non-vocational trainees, 4) to observe whether there are differences between high-dogmatism and low-dogmatism subjects with regard to attitudes toward work and future time perspective. The subjects for the study included 841 adolescent vocational (226) and nonvocational (615) from vocational training centers, schools and universities in Seoul. The instruments used in this study were 1) a questionnaire for attitudes toward work, 2) the Future Time Perspective (FTP) developed by Christiansen and 3) the Dogmatism Scale. The results of the present study indicated that behavior settings or environmental variables such as organization type affect the formation of attitudes and of dogmatism in adolescents. The results also showed that dogmatism relates to future time perspectives. This differs from Rokeach's theoretical statements. Dogmatism in this study was related to time perspective, the relationships were optimistic in emotional areas, long-term in direction and concrete in structure. The inconsistency between the results of the present study and Rokeach's suggests further study. A "Psycho-Environmental Model" for the formation of value systems based on the results of this and earlier research of the author were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1119-1130
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• 2007

The purposes of this current study were to develop a pre-parent education class for university students and to examine the difference in their beliefs after the program. The subjects of this study were 86 students who were selected from one university in Kyunggido, South Korea. Students had pre-test and post-test to measure the changes caused by the program. Two instruments were used: Beliefs of Appropriate Education and Child Rearing Attitudes. The results of this study were as following: In the post-test, students showed higher scores on affectionate child rearing attitudes. More specifically, students endorsed expression of affection toward a child, positive mother-child relationship, emotional involvement, giving a child equal right after having pre-parent education class. In terms of beliefs on appropriate education, in the post-test students became put more value on process, child, play, experience- oriented learning compared to their pre-test scores. In sum, this pre-parent education class is an effective one, which improve future parents' beliefs and attitudes on appropriate education and child rearing practices.