• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.733-753
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• 2022

우리나라는 2015년 국가 온실가스 감축목표(Nationally Determined Contribution, 이하 NDC)를 수립한 이래, 2019년 한 차례 수정 후 지난해 말 상향안을 발표하였다. 전환, 산업, 건물 등 각 부문별 탄소배출량은 NDC 목표 달성을 위해 설정된다. 본 연구는 협조적 게임이론의 claims problem 또는 파산문제(bankruptcy problem)를 활용하여 부문별 온실가스 감축목표를 분석한다. Claims problem에서 다루는 대표적인 5개의 분배규칙을 정의하고 각 규칙의 특성을 공리적으로 확인하였다. 또한, NDC 목표 달성을 위한 부문별 탄소배출량 분배문제에 각 분배규칙을 적용하고 그 결과를 정부목표와 비교분석하였다. 전환 부문에 책정된 정부목표는 5개 분배규칙에서 할당하는 배출량보다 낮은 반면, 산업 부문의 정부목표 배출량은 5개 분배규칙의 결과보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그 외 부문은 정부목표가 클레임 수준에 비례하여 배출량을 할당하는 분배규칙의 결과와 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

In order to present the scientific information of organic emissions from consumer products available, the current study examined the emissions composition for three different types of consumer products being used in Korea in an environmental chamber: air freshener (AF), mosquito repellents (MSQR), and moth repellents (MTHR). Emission rates were evaluated by determining emission rates of the target compound from the selected products using an electropolished stainless steel (SS) test chamber $(40{\times}25{\times}50cm^3)$. A time-dependent empirical relationship developed in this study agreed well with the test results. As same with the emission concentrations, MSQR exhibited the highest emission rate for all target compounds except for limonene and naphthalene. MTHR ($9,200\;{\mu}g\;h^{-1}$) showed the highest emission rate of naphthalene followed by MSQR ($8,300\;{\mu}g\;h^{-1}$). Moreover, the concentrations in residential bedroom conditions for target compounds emitted from three types of consumer products were estimated. This estimation suggests that the uses of consumer products can elevate indoor levels of target compounds. In particular, any types of the consumer products may increase the indoor level of m, p-xylene.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions on urban areas. This study is made up GHG emission estimation and emission prospect methods, setting of GHG reduction target, GHG reduction plan formulation and feasibility assessment. The significance of this study is as follows. First, this study provides the local government for the overall frame of low carbon strategies. Second, this study contribute to establishment of GHG emission reduction strategies in the local autonomy by providing GHG emission estimation and setting reduction target which is essential elements of reduction strategy. Third, we organize a reduction element for low carbon city embodiment and showed the way to assessment the reduction effect of these elements quantitatively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2003

As exhaust emission standards are more stringent, higher conversion efficiency of automotive catalytic converter is required. In addition, catalytic converter is deteriorated during mileage accumulation of vehicle. Therefore the specification of catalytic converter should be decided in consideration of emission standards and deterioration. Because the decision of the specification of catalytic converter is required at the beginning of vehicle development procedure, it is important and necessary to fix the target values of green vehicle exhaust emissions. To do this, a linear regression analysis was done with in-use exhaust emissions data of 5 different kinds of vehicle that received US94 emission standards certification, and data handling methods including some statistical estimation were proposed. As a result, the fixed target values of NMHC, CO, NOx of green vehicle against US94 emission standards were 0.079, 0.83, 0.116, respectively. And expected in-use deterioration factor of NMHC, CO, NOx were 1.75, 2.02, 1.38, respectively. And also it was blown that even if failure rate is 30% after 80,000km driven, it might be sufficiently safe from emission failure confirmatory test of Korea. It is hopeful to make a database of in-use emissions to increase the confidence in correctness of the calculated target values.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2011

In this study, optical emission spectroscopy was used to monitor the plasma produced during the RF magnetron sputtering of a $BaTiO_3$ target. The intensities of chemical species were measured by real time monitoring with various discharge parameters such as RF power, pressure, and discharge gas. The emission lines of elemental and ionized species from $BaTiO_3$ and Ti targets were analyzed to evaluate the film composition and the optimized growth conditions for $BaTiO_3$ films. The emissions from Ar(I, II), Ba(I, II) and Ti(I) were found during sputtering of the $BaTiO_3$ target in Ar atmosphere. With increasing RF power, all the line intensities increased because the electron density increased with increasing RF power. When the Ar pressure increased, the Ba(II) and Ti(I) line intensity increased, but the $Ar^+$ line intensity decreased with increasing pressure. This result shows that high pressure is of greater benefit for the ionization of Ba than for that of Ar. Oxygen depressed the intensity of the plasma more than Ar did. When the Ar/$O_2$ ratio decreased, the intensity of Ba decreased more sharply than that of Ti. This result indicates that the plasma composition strongly depends on the discharge gas atmosphere. When the oxygen increased, the Ba/Ti ratio and the thickness of the films decreased. The emission spectra showed consistent variation with applied power to the Ti target during co-sputtering of the $BaTiO_3$ and Ti targets. The co-sputtered films showed a Ba/Ti ratio of 1.05 to 0.73 with applied power to the Ti target. The films with different Ba/Ti ratios showed changes in grain size. Ti excess films annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ did not show the second phase such as $BaTi_2O_5$ and $TiO_2$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2008

The hardware scatters as well as the engine parameters calibration have strong influences on exhaust emissions in recent diesel engines. In this research DoE(Design of Experiments) optimizations were done to study the possibility of minimizing the emission deviations caused by flow rate scatters of the injectors. It has been shown that the optimization of engine calibration, which minimizes the emission deviations, is feasible by establishing a target function representing the emission deviations for test results of maximum, mean and minimum flow rate injectors. It has also been shown that optimization of both emission deviations and emission level is possible by sequential DoE optimizations of the target functions representing the emission level and the emission deviations respectively with the appropriate boundary limits.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2015

A consumption based study on the carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission change due to the changes in the bovine meat consumption behavior in Korea was carried out. It was found that if the consumption of bovine meat be reduced by half, the reduction amount of $CO_2$ emissions be over 0.8 $MtCO_2e$ in all senarios in 2023. This amount is equivalent to over 50% of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission reduction target in agriculture and forestry, and fishery, a significant reduction. It was also found that the $CO_2$ emission reduction amount in consumption-based approach was the largest when the consumption of the imported bovine meat be reduced, though the difference was not that large.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 제12회 정기총회 및 01년도 동계학술발표회
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• pp.98-102
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• 2001

Effects of laser polarization were studied on behaviors of fast electrons produced from an aluminum target irradiated by a solid target irradiated by obliquely incident laser pulses at Bx10$\^$15/ W/cm$^2$. Jet emission of outgoing fast electrons collimated in the polarization direction was observed for the s-polarized laser irradiation, whereas for the p-polarized irradiation, very directional emission of outgoing fast electrons was found close to the normal direction of the target. The behaviors of in-going fast electrons into the target for s- and p-polarized irradiation were also investigated by observing x-ray Bremsstrahlung radiation at the backside of the target.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.620-624
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• 2004

Optical emission studies were performed to investigate thermal and dynamical properties of a plume produced by laser ablation of a graphite target in a nitrogen atmosphere. Experimental spectra of $C_2(d^3{\Pi}_g{\to}a^3{\Pi}_u$, ${\Delta}_V$=1) and CN ($B^2{\Sigma}^+{\to}X^2{\Sigma}^+,{\Delta}_V=0)$ were simulated to obtain the vibrational and rotational temperatures of the electronically excited species at various laser fluences and distances from the target. The spectroscopic temperatures of both molecules were found to be nearly independent of the laser fluence. The temperature of CN molecules was peaked in the middle of the plume while that of $C_2$decreased with increase in the distance. At a given distance, the temperature of CN molecules was clearly higher than that of $C_2$.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2020

전 세계적으로 대기환경 개선을 위해 대기오염물질 배출이 많은 차량의 진입을 제한하는 "공해차량 운행제한지역(LEZ : Low Emission Zone)" 제도 시행이 확산되고 있다. 국내에서도 2012년부터 서울시 전 지역과 일부 수도권 지역을 대상으로 노후경유차 운행제한을 시행하고 있으며, 특히 2019년 12월부터는 서울 도심인 한양도성 녹색교통지역에 진입하는 자동차 배출가스 5등급 차량의 운행을 제한하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 녹색교통지역 자동차 운행제한 운영현황을 살펴보고, 기·종점통행량(O/D) 자료와 지역별 자동차 배출가스 등급별 자료를 활용하여 추후 운행제한 대상차량 확대시 등급별 교통량을 추정해 보고자 한다. 또한 서울시 25개 자치구에 진입하는 배출가스 등급별 교통량을 추정하여, 추후 자동차 운행제한 대상지역 추가 확대시 효과가 클 것으로 예상되는 대상지역(안)을 제안해 보고자 한다.