• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2016

Recently, the certification procedure for exhaust emission regulation of LDV has tested with the NEDC mode in the laboratory. But the on-road exhaust emissions exceed the standard emission limits. Therefore, it is important to analyze the real-driving emissions (RDE) with a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In present study, the on-road emissions were measured with a PEMS and evaluated by moving averaging window (MAW) method. Also, it was compared with the $CO_2$ and $NO_x$ emissions for real-driving and test modes from euro-6 light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR and LNT systems. In results, on-road $NO_x$ emission has been 2.3-10.0 times higher than the standard $NO_x$ emission limit on NEDC mode. The reason was that the test modes did not reflect traffic and various real-driving patterns sufficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

Because the harmonic disturbance characteristic which makes voltage drop and the deterioration of instantaneous power quality in electrical power system overheats the NGR and the customer capacitor and malfunctions the OCGR and AMR, it is necessary for electric power company to take active measures to reduce this disturbance. International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) 61000-3-2 specifies limits for harmonic current emissions generated by low voltage(LV) electrical equipment whose input current $\leq$ 16(A) per phase. Analysis shows that limits for Class A equipment in IEC are calculated using the reference impedance of LV system and maximum permissible voltage and limits for other Classes are also calculated based on limits for Class A. Therefore we have calculated four(4) internal limits for LV electrical equipment using the korea reference impedance and maximum permissible voltage in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2014

Country-specific data for net calorific values and carbon emission factors requires for a higher tier estimate of greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector. The objective of this study is to develop country-specific net calorific values and carbon emission factors for petroleum energy produced in Korea. Calorific values and carbon contents of the fuels were measured using the oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the CHN elemental analysis method, respectively. Sulfur and hydrogen contents, which were used to calculate the net calorific value, were also measured and then net calorific values and carbon emission factors were determined based on the measurement results. The net calorific values and carbon emission factors determined for the petroleum produced in Korea 2012 and 2013 were compared to those in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Most of the values were different compared with the default values of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines although those were placed within their upper and lower limits. Time series analysis results showed inconsistent seasonal variation for the net calorific values and carbon emission factors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2018

Objectives: The emission characteristics of aldehydes were investigated in five industries for the efficient management of aldehydes. Methods: Aldehydes and THC were measured from the stack and boundary of facilities. The relative concentrations and odor contribution of aldehydes were evaluated. Results: The concentrations of aldehydes in the asphalt manufacturing and printing industries were relatively high. Formaldehyde met emission limits for all facilities. According to the odor contribution analysis of aldehydes, i-valeraldehyde and butyraldehyde, which have a relatively low odor threshold value, were found to be the major odor-causing substances in the painting and textile processing industries. Conclusions: Among the aldehydes, the major emission compounds were formaldehyde in asphalt manufacturing, acetaldehyde in the paper manufacturing and textile processing industries, and butyraldehyde in the printing and painting industries. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of aldehyde reduction, proper control devices need to be installed and operated according to the emission characteristics of aldehydes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.739-752
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between kiln processing parameters and NOx emissions that occur in the sintering and calcination steps of the cement manufacturing process and to derive the main factors responsible for producing emissions outside emission limit criteria, as determined by category models and classification rules, using data mining techniques. The results from this study are expected to be useful as guidelines for NOx emission control standards. Methods: Data were collected from Precalciner Kiln No.3 used in one of the domestic cement plants in Korea. Thirty-four independent variables affecting NOx generation and dependent variables that exceeded or were below the NOx emiision limit (>1 and <0, respectively) were examined during kiln processing. These data were used to construct a detection model of NOx emission, in which emissions exceeded or were below the set limits. The model was validated using SPSS MODELER 18.0, artificial neural network, decision treee (C5.0), and logistic regression analysis data mining techniques. Results: The decision tree (C5.0) algorithm best represented NOx emission behavior and was used to identify 10 processing variables that resulted in NOx emissions outside limit criteria. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the decision tree (C5.0) can be applied for real-time monitoring and management of NOx emissions during the cement firing process to satisfy NOx emission control standards and to provide for a more eco-friendly cement product.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2008

The need for more fuel-efficient and lower-emission vehicles has driven the technical development of alternative fuels such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) which is able to meet the limits of better emission levels without many modifications to current engine design. LPG has a high vapor pressure and lower viscosity and surface tension than diesel and gasoline fuels. These different fuel characteristics make it difficult to apply it for the conventional gasoline or diesel fuel pump directly. In this study, experiments are performed to get performance and efficiency of the fuel pump at different condition as temperature, rotating speeds, composition of fuel. The characteristics of fuel pump is affected by cavitation due to the variation of temperature and composition.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 1998

The atmospheric pollution by diesel emission is mainly attributed to particulate matters and NO$_x$. Their regulation limits have become tighter. This paper reviews the characteristics and the fabrication method of the diesd particulate filter(DPF) which is used to control the particulate matters of diesel emission. First the constituent of particulate matters and the regulation standard are discussed and then the state of the art post-treatment system is reviewed. The materials, the fabrication method and the control of thermal expansion of the ceramic honeycomb filter, which is widely used as the DPF, are also reviewed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1349-1354
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• 2018

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is widely used for the determination of trace elements in geological samples in Iran. In this paper, we have calculated the detection limits of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for some of the common elements in such samples utilizing the ORIGEN and MCNP codes and verified the simulations using the experimental results of three soil standard reference materials, namely, G02.SRM, G18.SRM, and G28.SRM. The results show that while the detection limit of ICP-AES method is usually in the mg/kg range, it is represented to the ${\mu}g/kg$ range for most of the elements of interest using the NAA method, and the simulations can be verified in a tolerance range of 20%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2001

ILSAC GF 3/API SL specification will be adopted in July 2001. The background and characteristics of GF3 specification is reviewed. GF3 specification consists of five new engine tests, two new bench tests and new limits on three bench tests currently used to define ILSAC GF-2. GF 3 engine oil shows good performance compared to GF2 engine oil in fuel efficiency, protecting ability the emission catalyst and high temperature oxidation stability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.453-466
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• 2024

In this study, the optimization of the composite floor system with cellular beams is investigated. The objective function is the minimization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and the optimal solution is defined by 19 design variables for the beam's topology, beams fabricated process, steel deck characteristics, columns. The requirements of the ultimate and serviceability state limits are considered for the composite floor system design. The program is developed within the MATLAB platform. A number of the benchmark test problems of composite floor systems with full web beams are optimized with cellular beams to verify the reduction of total CO₂ emission. The optimum results are obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bonobo Algorithm (BO). A comparison of the performance of these algorithms shows that the BO algorithm has a higher search capability and results in better solutions than PSO and GA algorithms in the optimization of the composite floor system with the cellular beams and the use of cellular beams can reduce the total CO₂ emissions of the floor above 20%.