• Spatial Information Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2015

본 연구는 GIS를 이용하여 미시적 수준에서 교통현상을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 미시적 수준의 교통모형을 설계 및 구현하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 차량이 GIS 도로 중심선 자료를 차선, 이동속도 등이 반영된 도로 네트워크 자료로 인식하는 방법론을 개발하였으며, 운전자의 주행 행태를 반영하기 위해 환경인식모형, 차두시간분포모형, 차량추종모형 및 차로변경모형으로 행태모형을 설계 및 구현했다. 모형의 정확도 평가는 종로구의 자하문길을 대상으로 관측자료와 예측 자료를 비교하였으며, 그 결과 시간대별 이동 속도를 매우 정확하게 예측한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 구현된 GIS 기반의 미시적 수준의 교통모형은 교통 탄소 배출량 분석, 교통류 평가 및 도시기반시설 입지 계획등의 다양한 분야에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

The RI gasoline engine haying a sub-chamber had a high cycle variation due to the difficulty of the residual gas scavenge in the sub-chamber. To solve this problem and improve the combustion performance of RI engine, we devised a method to inject directly CNG fuel into the sub-chamber. A DI diesel engine of single cylinder was converted into a RI-CNG engine and an electronic control unit for the engine was manufactured. In this study, the combustion characteristics of the RI-CNG engine were investigated with the injection timings and air excess ratios at the load conditions of 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. As the results from this study, the RI-CNG engine worked reliably under the condition of the ignitable lean limit of $\lambda=1.7$ by showing the $COV_{imep}$ below about 5%. And the highest thermal efficiency could be obtained in the injection timing that produced the high imep and the low $COV_{imep}$ at the same time. The CO emission concentration indicated very low values and the THC and $NO_x$ showed an opposite pattern. With a view to improving the thermal efficiency and reducing the harmful emissions, the proper control region of the ignition timing and the mixture ratio were nearly ATDC $20^{\circ}\sim50^{\circ}$ and $\lambda=1.4$ respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2002

Recently gasoline direct injection method has been applied to gasoline engine to reduce fuel consumption rate by controlling fuel air mixture on lean condition by means of stratified charging, and to reduce simultaneously. Pollutant emissions especially NOx and CO by lowering the combustion temperature. But difficulty of controling local fuel air ratio at ignition area in flammability limit unavoidably appeared, because it is merely controlled by injection timing with spatial and temporal distribution of fuel mixture. In this study, the authors devised a uniquely shaped combustion chamber so called three-chamber GDI engine, intended to keep the more reliable fuel air ratio at ignition area. The combustion chamber is divided into three regions. The first region is in the rich combustion division, where the fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve and ignited by the spark plug. The second region is in the lean combustion division, where the combustion gas from the rich combustion division flows out and burns on lean condition. And the last region is in the main combustion division ie in the cylinder, where the gas from the above two combustion divisions mixed together and completes the combustion during expansion stroke. They found that the stable range of operation of three-chamber GDI engine on low-load condition exists in the lean area of average equivalence ratio. And they also found that the reformed engine reveals less specific fuel consumption and less pollutant emissions compared with conventional carburettor type gasoline engine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

Fluoroquinolones are the most common group of antibacterial agents currently used in the Korean aquaculture industry, and use of these agents has been increasing steadily. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was used for the simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolones in fish and shellfish: ofloxacin (OFL), pefloxacin (PEF), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and enrofloxacin (ENRO). Fish and shellfish muscle was homogenized, and protein, lipid, and low molecular weight pigments were then excluded from the homogenate. The final eluates were analyzed by HPLC equipped with a Shiseido UG-120 type C18 reverse-phase column ($4.6{\times}250 mm$, $5{\mu}m$) and a fluorescence detector (excitation at 280 nm, emission at 450 nm). The mobile phase was 0.1 M phosphoric acid and acetonitrile solution (91:9, v/v) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added to it at a rate of 5 mL per a liter of the mobile phase. Adequate chromatography separation was obtained using the above method. Average recoveries of fortified samples at levels from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/kg were $72.3{\pm}2.5-84.5{\pm}1.2%$ for OFL, $82.7{\pm}3.3- 109.3{\pm}7.5%$ for NOR, $85.3{\pm}6.6-116.0{\pm}7.9%$ for PEF, $76.0{\pm}4.3-109.3{\pm}12.4%$ for CIP, and $78.7{\pm}5.9-100.0{\pm}9.8%$ for ENRO. The limit of detection of OFL was $5{\mu}g/L$, the others were $1{\mu}g/L$. We concluded that the new analytical method was suitable for the determination of fluoroquinolones in fish and shellfish.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.2037-2043
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• 2017

The surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) mediates the attachment of influenza virus to host cells containing sialic acid and thus facilitates viral infection. Therefore, HA is considered as a good target for the development of diagnostic tools for influenza virus. Previously, we reported the isolation of single-stranded aptamers that can distinguish influenza subtype H1 from H5. In this study, we describe a method for the selective electrical detection of H1 using the isolated aptamer as a molecular probe. After immobilization of the aptamer on Si wafer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the immobilized aptamer bound specifically to the H1 subtype but not to the H5 subtype. Assessment by cyclic voltammetry (CV) also demonstrated that the immobilized aptamer on the indium thin oxide-coated surface was specifically bound to the H1 subtype only, which was consistent with the ELISA and FE-SEM results. Further measurement of CV using various amounts of H1 subtype provided the detection limit of the immobilized aptamer, which showed that a nanomolar scale of target protein was sufficient to produce the signal. These results indicated that the selected aptamer can be an effective probe for distinguishing the subtypes of influenza viruses by monitoring current changes.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2002

수용액 중의 fluorene 과 anthracene을 동시화 형광분광법을 이용하여 동시에 정량하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 두 화합물 용액에서의 형광특성을 조사하였고, 화합물 혼합용액을 이용하여 동시화 형광스펙트럼을 측정할 때에 파장차이 (${\Delta}{\lambda}$)가 봉우리의 분리에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 ${\Delta}{\lambda}$가 50 nm일 때 가장 좋은 봉우리의 분리가 일어났다. 혼합 수용액으로 최적 ${\Delta}{\lambda}$에서 동시화 형광스펙트럼을 측정하여 검정곡선을 작성하였을 때 fluorene의 경우에는 $5.0{\times}10^{-8}M$에서 $1.0{\times}10^{-3}M$, anthracene의 경우에는 $5.0{\times}10^{-8}M$에서 $1.0{\times}10^{-3}M$까지 직선범위 가 성립하였다. Fluorene과 anthracene의 검출한계는 각각 $3.0{\times}10^{-9}M$과 $7.0{\times}10^{-9}M$이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

An automated carbonyl measurement system was constructed. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds were extracted onto DNPH containing collection solution while flowing through a glass coil. Each carbonyl species was separated on a HPLC column and quantified by UV absorption detector. Using this system, carbonyl compounds were continuously measured at the campus of Korea University in Seoul, Korea during June, 2005. Sampling resolution was 30 minutes and the detection limit of HCHO was 0.19 ppbv. Also, $\O_{3}$, it's precursors, and meteorological parameters were measured. The maximum, minimum, average, and median concentrations of HCHO during the whole experiment was 35.8 ppbv, 1.4 ppbv, 11.7 ppbv, and 9.3 ppbv respectively. Formaldehyde showed a distinct diurnal variation with a broad maximum around 13 $\sim$ 15, which was 1 $\sim$ 3 hours ahead of an ozone maximum. During a couple of days, however, HCHO concentrations were kept high through the night or increased concomitantly with NOx in the morning. These results imply that HCHO was mainly produced from the photochemical oxidation of VOCs, but local emission sources couldn't be ruled out. The differences between daily maximum and minimum of $O_{3}$ and HCHO were calculated for 11 days of June, when typical diurnal variations were observed for the two species. A strong positive correlation was found between $\Delta O_{3}$ and $\Delta HCHO$ and the average mole ratio of $\Delta HCHO$ to $\Delta O_{3}$ was 2.6. It indicates that formaldehyde played a key role in $\Delta O_{3}$ production as an indicator species in Metropolitan Seoul during June, 2005.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2012

A europium (III)-sensitized, spectrofluorimetric (FL) method is presented for the determination of sparfloxacin (SPAR) using an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). The method is based on the strong fluorescence (FL) enhancement of SPAR after the addition of $Eu^{3+}$ ions as fluorescence probes. The experimental results indicated that the FL intensity of the SPAR-$Eu^{3+}$ system was enhanced markedly by SDBS. The maximum FL emission signal was obtained at about 615 nm when excited at 372 nm. The experimental conditions that affected the FL intensity of the SPAR-$Eu^{3+}$-SDBS system were optimized systematically. The enhanced FL intensity of the system exhibited a good linear relationship with the SPAR concentration over the range of $1.5{\times}10^{-9}-1.2{\times}10^{-7}mol\;L^{-1}$ with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9987. The limit of detection ($3{\delta}$) was $4.15{\times}10^{-10}mol\;L^{-1}$ with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.65%. This method was successfully applied for the determination of SPAR in pharmaceuticals, and human serum and urine samples with higher sensitivity, wide dynamic range and better stability. The possible interaction mechanism of the system is also discussed in detail by ultraviolet absorption spectra and FL spectra.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1995

$Tb^{+3}$과 $Eu^{+3}$ 이온의 특성 형광선의 세기가 TLC상에서 증폭되는 현상을 이용한 고감도의 미량분석법에 대하여 연구하였다. 수용액과 에탄올 용액상의 $Tb^{+3}$과 $Eu^{+3}$ 두 이온의 특성 형광선의 세기에 비하여 주어진 용액을 TLC로 점적하면 이온의 형광선의 세기가 더욱 증가하는 형광 증폭 현상을 이용하여 $Tb^{+3}$과 $Eu^{+3}$ 이온의 검출한계를 $10^6$배 이상 개선하였으며 이러한 형광 증폭 현상의 이론적인 배경으로 란탄이온 착물내의 리간드와 중심금속이온 사이의 energy-transfer mechanism을 설명하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2002

자동흐름분석법으로 lucigenin을 발광시약으로 이용하여 화학발광의 세기를 측정함으로써 수용액 중의 Cr(III)을 정량하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. pH, 시료의 주입 양과 속도, lucigenin의 농도 및 방출파장이 방출세기에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Lucigenin과 과산화수소의 화학발광 반응에서 Cr(III)를 첨가하였을 때 방출세기가 현저히 증가함을 관찰하였다. Cr(III) 이온 검정곡선의 직선감응범위와 검출한계는 들뜸 파장, pH 및 lucigenin과 과산화수소의 농도가 각각 473 nm, 12.8 및 1.0${\times}10^{-6}$M과 2.0M였을 때, 1.0${\times}10^{-6}$M∼1.0${\times}10^{-3}$M 및 5.2${\times}10^{-8}$M이었다.