• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1936-1941
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• 2010

This purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for optimal generating operation in power system to minimize the cost of generation subject to not only system constraints but also regional $CO_2$ emission constraints. To solve this ELD problem calculated range limit on minimum and maximum power outputs by regional Equal Generator how each regional capacity is connected into one and expressed Equal Fuel Cost Function considering regional $CO_2$ emission constraints. Accordingly, being modified regional load, new power outputs considering regional $CO_2$ emission constraints were calculated by ELD. The proposed model for evaluating availability is tested on IEEE RTS(Reliability Test System)-24 in detail.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

교통부문의 지속가능성(sustainability)을 유지하기 위하여 대중교통중심의 도시개발(transit oriented development, TOD), 자전거나 보행 등 녹색 교통수단의 이용활성화, 그리고 차량운행시 배출되는 온실가스(green house gas) 를 감축하는 정책 등 다양한 방안들이 제시되고 있다. 이중 온실가스 배출량에 대한 다양한 연구들이 제시되고 있으나, 교통측면의 행태적인 분석에는 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 교통측면에서 좀 더 행태적인 측면을 고려한 온실가스 배출량 추정식을 제시하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 즉, 특정 존에서 발생하는 차량으로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 기종점간 통행수요(travel demand for each OD pair)와 통행거리(travel distance)를 반영하여 결정한다. 여기서 기종점간 통행수요는 통행비용의 함수로 중력모형(gravity model)을 이용하여 구해지며, 통행거리는 평균 통행거리가 아닌 기종점간 실제 통행거리를 고려한다는 점이 기존 연구와 차이가 된다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제시하는 온실가스 추정식의 적용성과 활용성을 검토하기 위하여 통행비용에 대한 온실가스 배출량의 민감도(sensitivity)와 탄력성(elasticity)을 유도하며, 정책적 측면에서 온실가스를 감축하기 위한 온실가스 통행료(green house gas pricing)의 부과 효과에 대해서도 검토해 본다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1319-1327
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• 2001

The results of stand and field testing of a combustion chamber for a heavy-duty 150 MW gas turbine are discussed. The model represented one of 14 identical segments of a tubular multican combustor constructed 1:1 scale. The model experiments were executed at a lower pressure than that in a real gas turbine. Combustion efficiency, pressure loss factor, pattern factor, liner wall temperature, flame radiation, fluctuating pressure and NOx emission were measured at partial and full loads for both model and on-site testing. The comparison of these items in the stand and field test results led to has the development of a method of calculation and the improvement of gas turbine combustors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제19권E2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

The atmospheric pollution distribution in the industrial area of Yosu in Korea is calculated using numerical model and the model is validated by comparing the calculations with observed data. The emission of NO$_{x}$ and SO$_{x}$ was estimated for 6 sources, and the emission amount of HC was estimated for 9 anthropogenic sources. The calculated wind speed, wind direction and temperature agreed well with the observed data at two observatories, and the calculated concentration of NO, NO$_2$, $O_3$ and SO$_2$ were also reasonable for 5 monitoring stations. The validity of the model is evaluated using 3 indexes of the EPA, and the model is found to be valid and accurate.ate.

• 오토저널
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1984

The prediction of the emission concentrations in 4-cycle 4-cylinder spark ignition engine is made by considering the model with the extended Zedovich mechanism. The predicted values for nitric oxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide agree with the experimentally measured ones.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

High pressure injection is recently used to reduce the emissions and increase the power of DI diesel engine. This high pressure injection makes the spray strike the cylinder wall. This spray/wall impingement is known to affect the emission and performance of DI diesel engine such that it is very important to know the spray/wall impingement process. In this study, multidimensional computer program KIVA-II was used to clarify the effect of spray wall impingement by different injection spray angle with the spray/wall impingement model consiedering rebound and slide motion and also the improved submodel for liquid breakup, drop distortion model.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2017

Emissions Trading System (ETS) is utilized in many countries, including South Korea, as an efficient policy to abate GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions. Grandfathering on the basis of historic emissions is used as the way to allocate permits in South Korea. It, however, has caused an increase in the emission permits and lack of equity. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an alternative DEA model for centralized allocation of emission abatement to evaluate the amount of emissions abatement by company based on the energy efficiency. In addition, an empirical analysis of 36 assigned companies for ETS in Korean metal industry is conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed model. The result of the analysis shows that energy-efficient companies achieve reduced target of the emissions abatement and companies with low energy efficiency score are turned out to have contrary outcome, against the result of applying Grandfathering.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

The research described in this paper is conducted to estimate the short-term concentrations of nonreactive pollutants such as CO and TSP from vehicle emissions near Kyungbu Highway. An emphasis is placed on the development of a model for a hourly traffic volume for each vehicle type, which is based on real traffic data. By using the model and the calculated emission factor due to vehicle speed for each vehicle type, the emission rate of CO and TSP for each traffic line is computed. The hourly emission rate and meteorological data are used to simulate by HIWAY-2 for the distance of 5m and 10m from the downwind edge of Kyungbu Highway located in relatively uncomplicated terrain.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

Engine cycle simulation using a two-zone model was performed to investigate the effect of the engine parameters on NO and soot emissions in a DI diesel engine. The present model was validated against measurements in terms of cylinder pressure, BMEP, NO emission data with a 2902cc turbocharger/intercooler DI diesel engine. Calculations were made for a wide range of the engine parameters, such as injection timing, ignition delay, Intake air pressure, inlet air temperature, compression ratio, EGR. This parametric study indicated that NO and soot emissions were effectively decreased by increasing intake air pressure, decreasing inlet air temperature and increasing compression ratio. By retarding injection timing, increasing ignition delay and applying EGR. NO emission was effectively reduced, but the soot emission was increased.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1999

Mobile source emissions are important inputs to photochemical air quality models. Since most mobile source emissions are calculated at the county-level, these emission should be geographically allocated to the computational grid cells of a photochemical air quality model prior to running the model. The traditional method for the spatial allocation of these emissions has been to use a "spatial surrogate indicator" such as population, since grid-specific emission calculations are very labor-intensive and expensive, plus the necessary data are often not available for such grid resolutions. Accordingly, new spatial surrogate indicators for mobile source emissions(specifically for highway emissions) were developed using Geographic Information Systems(GIS) tools due to the spatially variable nature of mobile source emissions. These newly developed spatial surrogate indicators appear to be more appropriate for the allocation of highway emissions than the population surrogate indicator. It was also revealed that the conventional spatial allocation method underestimates the maximum levels of air pollutant emmissions.mmissions.