• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2014

The uncertainty assessment is important to improve the reliability of emission inventory data. The DARS (Data Attribute Rating System) have recommended as the uncertainty assessment technic of emission inventory by U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EIIP (Emission Inventory Improvement Program). The DARS score is based on the perceived quality of the emission factor and activity data. Scores are assigned to four attributes; measurement/method, source specificity, spatial congruity and temporal congruity. The resulting emission factor and activity rate scores are combined to arrive at an overall confidence rating for the inventory. So DARS is believed to be a useful tool and may provide more information about inventories than the usual qualitative grading procedures (e.g. A through E). In this study, the uncertainty assessment for 2009 CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) emission inventory is conducted by DARS. According to the result of this uncertainty assessment, the uncertainty for fugitive dust emission data is higher than other sources, the uncertainty of emission factor for surface coating is the highest value, and the uncertainty of activity data for motor cycle is the highest value. Also it is analysed that the improvement of uncertainty for activity data is as much important as the improvement for emission factor to upgrade the reliability of CAPSS emission inventory.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

Ammonia is main precursor gas of secondary particulate matter and contributes almost 78% of total ammonia emission from the agricultural sector in Korea. The current method of estimating ammonia emission from fertilizer application, which contributes 7% of the total emission, has high uncertainty and needs to be improved to better predict PM2.5 concentration. In this study, we suggest an improvement method for ammonia emission quantification from fertilizer application. The first improvement was in the emission factor of NPK fertilizer by conducting a field study to verify the currently used factor. The improved NPK emission factor of 52.2 kg NH ton-1N was confirmed by comparing with the value from the EEA (European Environment Agency) and adjusting the value for the Korean climate and soil conditions. We also improved the amount of fertilizer usage by including the sales amount to the fertilizer supply amount of the Korean Farmers Association, increasing total fertilizer usage by 39.8%. As the statistical data on fertilizer supply and sales are compiled yearly, we estimated monthly emission of ammonia by considering cultivated areas and timing of fertilization for each crop. In summary, we suggest a novel and practical method to improve estimation methodology of ammonia emission from the field of fertilizer application: 1) emission factor of NPK fertilizer was reconfirmed; 2) total amount of fertilizer use was revised considering fertilizer sales; and 3) monthly emission of ammonia was realized by considering different crop practices. A bottom-up approach to compile activity data is needed to increase the estimation accuracy of monthly emission of ammonia, which is very helpful for predicting PM2.5 concentration.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2016

Korean Emission Trading Scheme entered into force on 1 January 2015. As other Emission Trading Systems, Korean Emission Trading System also have some deficiencies to be complemented and improved. Thus, the issues that are related to legal characteristics of emission allowance and its status as a financial instrument, terminology, requisites for the designation of the business entities eligible for allocation, banking and borrowing, and the non-permanence problems in the forestry offset mechanism are reviewed and the directions of the improvement are presented. The review of the Korean Emission Trading Scheme and its relevant act and the presidential decree at its early stage may be helpful for the Korean ETS to be firmly settled and to operate properly.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.20-23
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• 2009

The efficacy improvement issues in a unit discharge cell have been approached from the structural considerations. The tested cell designs include (a) a coplanar type with annular auxiliary electrode buried in barrier ribs, (b) a coplanar type with split auxiliary electrodes also burred in barrier ribs and (c) a coaxial type with a floating electrode stacked on the base electrode. From spatiotemporally resolved optical images of near-IR emission taken by a gated-ICCD camera and relative VUV emission intensity estimated by laser absorption spectroscopy, the differences in the discharge and light emission performances of those three cell types have been compared and discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.378-384
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• 2019

In the food wastewater treatment facilities, the water quality improvement effect and the greenhouse gas emission amount followed by the change in electricity usage through a change of the aeration tank ventilation system were evaluated. also, the amount of greenhouse gas emission followed by the change in electricity usage through the change of the sludge dewatering, storage, transporting method was also evaluated. The total GHG emission from food wastewater treatment facility improvement were divided into direct emissions from the treatment processes and indirect ones from electricity usage. The water quality improvement effect of wastewater treatment plant was found to be 63.3% for BOD removal rate, 42.0% for COD removal rate, 71.0% for SS removal rate and 39.6% for T-N removal rate. and according to the results of calculating output by applying both direct emissions of greenhouse gas (Scope 1) and the indirect emission (Scope 2) of greenhouse gas followed by changes in power consumption. It was estimated that there was a total of 276.0tCO2eq./yr(7.5%) greenhouse gas reduction effect from 3,668.8tCO2eq./yr before improvement to 3,392.8tCO2eq./yr after improvement. In this result is not due to the effects of water quality improvement of emission source, but because the reduction in electricity use has reduced the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.376-379
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• 2013

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Oxygen plasma treatment was applied to modify surface state of the CNTs synthesized for improvement of field emission performance. Surface state of the plasma treated CNTs was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface states of the CNTs were changed as a function of plasma treatment time. The oxygen related carbon shift was moved toward higher binding energy with the plasma treatment time. This result implies that the oxygen plasma treatment changes the surface state effectively. While any shift in carbon 1s peak was not detected for the as grown CNTs, oxygen related carbon shift was detected for the plasma treated CNTs. Carbon shift implies that closed CNT tips were opened by the oxygen plasma and reacted with oxygen species. Since the field emission occurs at pentagons or dangling bonds of the CNT tips, the increase of carbon-oxygen bonds plays an important role in field emission behavior by increasing the number of electron emission sites resulting in improvement of the field emission performance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.342-355
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• 2018

Emission inventory (EI) is often recognized as a foundational pillar for air quality planning. In this manuscript, we reviewed national emission inventory (NEI) development processes in United States(US) and made recommendations for South Korean emission inventory development for the future. First, we examined history of emission inventory development in US while focusing on what has been success and failure. We noticed that, in general, emission reductions led to air pollution abatement although efficacy of same degree of reduction may not result in similar air quality improvement. Second, we described conventional approaches of developing NEI and differences between NEI and EI for State Implementation Plan which is required for air quality management in US. Last, we analyzed how US Environmental Protection Agency and counterpart agencies in states came up with a new plan for the next major regulatory modeling project. Based on our analysis, we conclude that early and steady participation of local governments will lead to effective and efficient emission inventory development and, in turn, will result in successful air quality planning that is necessary for actual air quality improvement.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2012

The emission quota of 26.9% was allocated to the architectural sector according to the greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction goal of the government. It has become inevitable to change the architectural structures in a low-energy consumption and sustainable manner for new and existing house. The introduction of various legal systems and deregulation have been attempted to promote the low carbon emission and sustainable energy conversion. Although overall emission reduction goal has been set for 6.7 million units of existing houses, there has been a lack of standards and directions for the emission reduction measures. This study was intended to present the most economic and effective green technology improvement measures based on the investigation into the current conditions through direct visit to the selected architectural structures and the repeated simulation of relevant technical elements.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

In the SI engine, the improvement of combustion stability is important not only for the fuel consumption rate but also for the emission control at idling of engine. Thus the engine speed fluctuation at idle operation mainly comes from cyclic variation of combustion in the SI engine. In this syudy, the improvement of combustion stability for the SI engine at idle condition by the cooling water temperature, duty ratio of ISC, spark ignition timing as well as the reducement of the harmful exhaust gas emission was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.42-48
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• 2014

The emission standard of diesel engine on the construction equipment has been rapidly enhanced in advanced countries, because most of air pollutions was caused by construction equipment. So, all of the construction equipments will be tested for emission with standard measurement mode. But, the standard measurement mode of construction equipment is different for non-road and one for the road in korea. This study was conducted to measure emission characteristics of the construction equipment with changed standard measurement mode and to improvement the emissions experimentally.