• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.702-717
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• 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV employs diverse strategies to evade host antiviral innate immune responses to mediate a persistent infection. In the present study, we show that nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) interacts with an NF-κB inhibitor immunomodulatory kinase, IKKε, and subsequently downregulates beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activity. We further demonstrate that NS5A inhibits DDX3-mediated IKKε and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. We also note that hyperphosphorylation of NS5A mediates protein interplay between NS5A and IKKε, thereby contributing to NS5A mediated modulation of IFN-β signaling. Lastly, NS5A inhibits IKKε-dependent p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Based on these findings, we propose NS5A as a novel regulator of IFN signaling events, specifically by inhibiting IKKε downstream signaling cascades through its interaction with IKKε. Taken together, these data suggest an additional mechanistic means by which HCV modulates host antiviral innate immune responses to promote persistent viral infection.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.401-413
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• 2022

Pragmatic clinical studies, an emerging clinical research discipline, include a wide range of studies that are largely embedded with routine clinical practice and aim to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of different clinical intervention strategies. Increased availability and quality of electronic medical/health records drives the development of pragmatic clinical studies. In this review, we describe evolution of the conceptual framework of pragmatic clinical studies and share perspectives on the importance of pragmatic clinical studies in evidence-based practice for cardiovascular diseases, as a complement to conventional randomized controlled trials. We also highlight specific needs of pragmatic clinical studies in improving evidence-based practice for cardiovascular disease in Asian countries. The main challenges of pragmatic clinical studies are discussed briefly in this review.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea in 2015 has drawn public attention regarding the legal regulation of infectious disease control in Korea. This paper discusses the interpretive and legislative concerns regarding the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act, its ordinance and enforcement regulations, as well as public statements from the relevant administrative agency. Future improvements are also proposed.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of nurses on the nursing intentions in patients with emerging infectious diseases. Methods: Data were collected from 201 nurses with over one year of clinical experience in a general hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. A structured self-report questionnaire was utilized to measure belief factors, core factors, rewards, and nursing professional pride, as well as nursing intentions in patients with emerging infectious diseases. Results: The results revealed that nurses' intentions to provide care for patients with emerging infectious diseases were significantly influenced by perceived behavioral control (β=.26, p<.001), clinical experience (β=-.14, p=.008), behavioral beliefs (β=.31, p=.010), feeling of vocation (β=.29, p=.012) and attitudes toward behaviors (β=.08, p=.034). Conclusion: Enhancing nurses' intentions to provide care for patients with emerging infectious diseases requires the implementation of systemic and educational strategies aimed at strengthening their confidence and beliefs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

C. neoformans-associated cryptococcosis is primarily a disease of immunocompromised persons, has a world-wide distribution, and is often spread by pigeons in the urban environment. In contrast, C. gattii causes infection in normal hosts, has only been described in tropical and semi-tropical areas of the world, and has a unique niche in river gum Eucalyptus trees. Cryptococcosis is acquired through inhalation of the yeast propagules from the environment. C. gattii has been identified as the cause of an emerging infectious disease centered on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. No cases of C. gattii-disease were diagnosed prior to 1999; the current incidence rate is 36 cases per million population. A search was initiated in 2001 to find the ecological niche of this basidiomycetous yeast. C. gattii was found in the environment in treed areas of Vancouver Island. The highest percentage of colonized-tree clusters were found around central Vancouver Island, with decreasing rates of colonization to the north and south. Climate, soil and vegetation cover of this area, called the Coastal Douglas fir biogeoclimatic zone, is unique to British Columbia and Canada. The concentration of airborne C. gattii was highest in the dry summer months, and lowest during late fall, winter, and early spring, months which have heavy rainfall. The study of the emerging colonization of this organism and subsequent cases of environmentally acquired disease will be informative in planning public health management of new routes of exposure to exotic agents in areas impacted by changing climate and land use patterns.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 종합병원 간호사의 신종감염병 관리에 대한 건강신념과 건강관리 자기효능감의 관련성을 확인하고, 건강관리 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위함이다. 본 연구대상자는 S와 Y시의 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사 150명을 대상으로 2021년 1월 11일부터 1월 22일까지 설문조사를 하였다. 연구결과 종합병원 간호사의 건강관리 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인은 지각된 유익성(β=.17, p=.040) 지각된 민감성(β=.19, p=.020), 연령(β=.21, p=.005)으로 건강관리 자기효능감을 14.0% 설명하였다(F=4.28, p<.001). 본 연구를 통해 종합병원 간호사의 신종감염병 관리에 대한 지각된 유익성과 지각된 민감성을 높일 수 있는 건강관리 자기효능감 교육 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Before twentieth centuries and during early twentieth centuries, communicable diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. But reliable data are not available. After 1975, the overall morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, rapidly declined. Recently many new pathogenic microbes were recognized: L. monocytogenes, Hantaan virus, Y. pseudotuberculosis, P. multocida, L. pneumophilia, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), G. seoi, H. capsulatum, C. burnetii, V. cholerae O139, C. parvum, F. tularensis, E. coli O157:H7, B. burgdorferi, S. Typhimurium DT104, Rotavirus, hepatitis C virus and so on. Since the first HIV infection recognized in 1985, the reported cases of infection and deaths from HIV/AIDS have been steady increased each year. Legionnaire's disease, E. coli O157:H7 colitis, listeriosis and crytosporidiasis have been occurring just sporadically among immunocompromized cases. Many re-emerging communicable diseases were occurred in Korea: leptospirosis, malaria, endemic typhus, cholera, tsutsugamushi disease, salmonellosis, hepatitis A, shigellosis, mumps, measles, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, brucellosis and so on. Leptospirosis and tsutsugamushi diseases have been noticed as major public health problems since 1980s. The malaria that had been virtually disappeared for a decade has reappeared from 1993 with striking increase of patients in recent 3-4 years. The distributions of salmonella and shigella serotypes have been changed a lot in recent few decades. Furthermore rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains induces more difficult and complex problems in control of communicable diseases. We must recognize on the importance of environment and ecosystem conservation and careful prescription of anti-microbial agent in order to prevent communicable diseases.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2022

Background: Emerging infectious diseases, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome or coronavirus disease 2019, pose a continuous threat to public health, making a risk assessment necessary for infectious disease control and prevention. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk assessment methods for infectious diseases used by major foreign countries and organizations. Methods: We conducted an investigation and comparative analysis of risk assessment and risk determination methods for infectious diseases. The risk assessment tools included the strategic toolkit for assessing risks, influenza risk assessment tool, pandemic severity assessment framework, and rapid risk assessment methodology. Results: The most frequently reported risk elements were disease severity, antiviral treatment, attack rate, population immunity, and basic productive ratio. The risk evaluation method was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by the stakeholders at each institution. Additionally, the final risk level was visualized in a matrix, framework, and x and y-axis. Conclusion: Considering the risk assessment tools, the risk element was classified based on the duplicate of each indicator, and risk evaluation and level of risk assessment were analyzed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.285-288
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• 2012

Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- was a monophasic variant of Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and notorious for re-emerging candidate which would replace S. Typhimurium DT104 for antibiotic resistance. Recently, isolation rate was increased on human and industrial animals but there was no case in domestic animals but human in Korea. This was first isolation case from domestic animals in Korea. The five isolates from feces of duck (n = 3), chicken (n = 1), and wild bird (n = 1) showed antibiotic resistance against cephems and aminoglycosides. These means that the spread of emerging bacterial pathogens to domestic animals and the need of systemic management for Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:-.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between nursing professionalism and nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases of nursing students who had experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a focus on the mediating effect of e-Health literacy. Methods: The study surveyed 177 nursing students who had experienced COVID-19. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 25.0, and the mediating effect was analyzed through the SPSS Process macro model 4. Results: Nursing professionalism (β=.26, p=.002) and e-Health literacy (β=.18, p=.021) were found to be significant predictors of nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases. In addition, e-Health literacy partially mediated the relationship between nursing professionalism and nursing intention for patients with emerging infectious diseases. Conclusion: e-Health literacy was a mediating factor in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and nursing intention of nursing students for patients with emerging infectious diseases. In order to improve nursing intention of nursing students for patients with emerging infectious diseases, it is important to develop an education program that can enhance their e-Health literacy as well as nursing professionalism.