• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2022

Purpose: As the pandemic period continues, various attempts are being made to new medical spaces in the medical society. Many hospitals, including existing general hospitals, have been effected by infected patients and are showing limitations in patient care capacity. Mobile-hospitals may be the starting point for the development of new environment in the medical society and healthcare facilities which are not replacing the role of existing hospitals. Mobile-hospitals can possibly respond to situations that require medical services and provide emergency care for various demands in connection with existing healthcare facilities. Methods: Through a total of five investigations/analysis, medical functions that can be inserted into mobile-hospitals based on modular architecture are set. The first is the analysis of domestic legal guidelines, the second is the analysis of previous studies, the analysis of emergency medical facilities and other medical spaces of hospitals to be compared, the fourth is the analysis of medical spaces of actual mobile hospital projects. Results: Through five analyses, medical functions applicable to the modular building platform were finally established. Mobile hospitals can be used not only in disaster sites such as infectious diseases, but also in medical underprivileged areas or general hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to establish medical functions that meet the specificity of mobile hospitals along with the functions of existing fixed medical facilities. Furthermore, various studies such as use in international aid, use in normal times, and connection with other platform-based medical facilities are considered necessary. Implications: Through 5 strategies of analysis, 41 medical functions which can be applied to UNIT are decided and these functions will be placed where medical services will be required.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2015

AFLS (Adaptive front lighting System) is being applied to improve safety in driving automotive at night. Safe embedded system for controlling head-lamp has to be tightly designed by considering safety requirement of hardware-dependent software, which is embedded in automotive ECU(Electronic Control Unit) hardware under severe environmental noise. In this paper, we propose an adaptive headlight controller with newly-designed symmetric angle sensor compensator, which is integrated with ECU-based adaptive front light system. The proposed system, on which additional backup hardware and emergency control algorithm are integrated, effectively detects abnormal situation and restore safe status of controlling the light-angle in AFLS operations by comparing result in symmetric angle sensor. The controlled angle value is traced into internal memory in runtime and will be continuously compared with the pre-defined lookup table (LUT) with symmetric angle value, which is used in normal operation. The watch-dog concept, which is based on using angle sensor and control-value tracer, enables quick response to restore safe light-controlling state by performing the backup sequence in emergency situation.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2021

Purpose: A high anion gap (AG) is known to be a significant risk factor for serious acid-base imbalances and death in acute poisoning cases. The strong ion difference (SID), or strong ion gap (SIG), has recently been used to predict in-hospital mortality or acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study presents a comprehensive acid-base analysis in order to identify the predictive value of the SIG for disease severity in severe poisoning. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on acute poisoning patients treated in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2015 and November 2020. Initial serum electrolytes, base deficit (BD), AG, SIG, and laboratory parameters were concurrently measured upon hospital arrival and were subsequently used along with Stewart's approach to acid-base analysis to predict AKI development and in-hospital death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were used as statistical tests. Results: Overall, 343 patients who were treated in the intensive care unit were enrolled. The initial levels of lactate, AG, and BD were significantly higher in the AKI group (n=62). Both effective SID [SIDe] (20.3 vs. 26.4 mEq/L, p<0.001) and SIG (20.2 vs. 16.5 mEq/L, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the AKI group; however, the AUC of serum SIDe was 0.842 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.799-0.879). Serum SIDe had a higher predictive capacity for AKI than initial creatinine (AUC=0.796, 95% CI=0.749-0.837), BD (AUC=0.761, 95% CI=0.712-0.805), and AG (AUC=0.660, 95% CI=0.607-0.711). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that diabetes, lactic acidosis, high SIG, and low SIDe were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Initial SIDe and SIG were identified as useful predictors of AKI and in-hospital mortality in intoxicated patients who were critically ill. Further research is necessary to evaluate the physiological nature of the toxicant or unmeasured anions in such patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.307-310
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• 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems, even in advanced economies. While the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa compared to other continents has so far been low, there are concerns about under-reporting, inadequate diagnostic tools, and insufficient treatment facilities. Moreover, proactiveness on the part of African governments has been under scrutiny. For instance, issues have emerged regarding the responsiveness of African countries in closing international borders to limit trans-continental transmission of the virus. Overdependence on imported products and outsourced services could have contributed to African governments' hesitation to shut down international air and seaports. In this era of emerging and re-emerging pathogens, we recommend that African nations should consider self-sufficiency in the health sector as an urgent priority, as this will not be the last outbreak to occur. In addition to the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement fund (US$600 million) provided by the World Bank for strengthening health systems and disease surveillance, each country should further establish an epidemic emergency fund for epidemic preparedness and response. We also recommend that epidemic surveillance units should create a secure database of previous and ongoing pandemics in terms of aetiology, spread, and treatment, as well as financial management records. Strategic collection and analysis of data should also be a central focus of these units to facilitate studies of disease trends and to estimate the scale of requirements in preparation and response to any future pandemic or epidemic.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2005

As disasters in the modem era become a large scale and complexity, no single entity can manage them. Instead collective cooperation between civilian, enterprise, school and government sectors is significantly needed, along with a well prepared mechanism. Thus, I attempt to construct the applicable network of civilian, enterprise, school and government sectors for disaster management through exemplary case studies of established countries as well as Korea's current operations and its drawbacks, based upon a networking design of disaster management organizations as belows: Firstly, it is cooperation and coordination among relevant organizations that are required essentially in the new era, in view of formative condition of necessary environment for civil participation. The cooperation and coordination can be made only through the network of civilian, enterprise, school and government sectors. Secondly, in order to build up the network, major roles and tasks which should be done by civilian, enterprise, school and government sectors respectively are listed based upon a stage of disaster management. Thirdly, operation models of a safety monitoring unit, a disaster prevention unit, a emergency response unit, and a rehabilitation unit are proposed in line with the network of civilian, enterprise, school and government sectors in regional base.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 모든 발생 가능한 철도 사고시나리오를 기반으로 비상대응절차를 정의하여 철도사고 별 비상대응 절차를 구축하였으며 이를 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 시스템과 연동하여 u-철도 방재시스템을 제안하였다. u-철도 방재 시스템은 u-예방 시스템, u-대비시스템, u-대응 시스템, u-복구 시스템 4개의 단위 시스템들로 구성되어 있으며 각각의 데이터베이스별로 분리되어 있다. 수집된 정보는 각 시스템별로 분석되고 각종 매체를 통해 정보를 제공하며, 연계된 타 시스템과 유기적으로 정보를 교환하는 구조로 설계되었다. 특히 u-철도 방재 시스템은 오감인지기능을 바탕으로 한 센서 네트워크와 모니터링 시스템을 통하여 비상사고 발생 시 적절한 초기 대응이 가능하도록 설계되었다. 또한 2차원, 3차원 공간 정보 인터페이스에 유비쿼너스 센서 네트워크와 예상 시나리오를 함께 연동시키므로 서 종합적 의사 결정이 가능하도록 구축하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3870-3878
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• 2009

본 연구는 119 구급대원들이 경험하는 폭력실태와 그에 따른 반응을 조사하기 위해 2009년 1월 1일부터 3월 2일까지 전라북도 지역의 구급대원 226명을 대상으로 설문조사한 결과이다. 첫째, 병원 전 응급의료 현장의 구급대원 모두가 주 1회 이상의 폭력을 경험하고 있으며, 62%의 구급대원이 물리적 폭력에 노출되어 있다. 이러한 폭력발생의 환자측 요인으로는 약물 또는 음주가 56.2%를 차치하였으며, 구급대측 요인으로는 응급의료인력 부족이 36.3%였다. 둘째, 구급대원의 42%가 5년 이내에 폭력예방과 대처방법에 대한 교육 경험이 없으며, 77.4%의 구급대원이 향후 폭력예방과 대처 방법에 대한 교육을 원하였다. 셋째, 폭력반응 점수는 감정적 반응 3.20점, 사회적 반응 2.22점, 신체적 반응 2.17점으로 조사되었고, 전체 폭력 반응의 평균은 2.53점으로 조사되었다. 넷째, 일반적 특성에 따른 폭력 반응 점수는 신체적 반응(t=-2.08, p=.038)과 감정적 반응(t=-7.13, p=.000), 전체반응(t=-4.764, p=.000)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 연령에 따른 감정적 반응(t=4.257, p=.006)과 전체(t=2.932, p=.034)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 또한, 현재의 보유 자격별 점수는 사회적 반응(t=3.661, p=.000), 전체(t=8.130, p=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈고, 소방서별 폭력 반응 점수는 신체적 반응(t=9.987, p=.000), 감정적 반응(t=2.433, p=.012), 사회적 반응(t=6.738, p=.000), 전체(t=5.943, p=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 개발 중인 화학, 생물학, 방사능 및 원자력 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비의 효율성과 사용 용이성을 평가하는 것이다. 상기 개발 장비는 자체 개발한 격리, 이송, 환자 감시 모듈을 통합하여 제작하였다. 응급구조사를 대상으로 한 마네킹을 이용한 무작위 교차 실험(또는 시뮬레이션)연구이며, 모든 연구대상자는 기존 장비와 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비의 시제품을 교대로 사용하였다. 생체신호 변화 검출 소요 시간과 치료 적용 소요 시간으로 효율성을 평가하였고 각 감시장치, 이송카트, 격리 장치 편의성에 대한 설문조사를 통해 사용 편의성으로 평가하였다. 총 12명의 응급구조사가 연구에 참여하였고 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비 군의 저산소증 검출 시간이 3.5초(2.5-3.9)로 기존 장비군의 4.9초(3.8-3.9)보다 유의하게 짧았다(p < 0.05). 심전도 변화 감지 소요 시간 및 안면 마스크 산소 공급 소요 시간의 감소 경향은 있었으나 통계적 유의성은 관찰되지 않았다. 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비 군의 환자 감시 장치의 전반적 만족도도 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비 군이 4점(3.5-5)으로 기존 장비군의 3점(3-3)에 비해 높았다(p < 0.05). 특수재난 대응 격리 이송 장비 사용군이 저산소증 검출 시간이 짧았으며 기존장비에 비해 환자 감시 장치의 전반적 만족도가 높은 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to define the content of the requisite knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for clinical knowledge for nursing practice. Contents of knowlege on pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 colleges of nursing, and textbooks. The degree of need of 72 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college-graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospital in Seoul and three in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, and hospice ward. The results were as follows : 1. The highest scored items of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, mechanisms of drugs, antihypertensive drugs, tolerance and addiction of drugs, interactions among drugs, hospital infection in the order of importance. The lowest scored item was structure of microorganisms. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was repair in tissue injury unit, definition etiology classification of inflammation in inflammation unit, transplantation and immunologic response in alterations in immunity unit, thrombus and thrombosis in disorders of cardiovascular function unit, gene disorders in genetic disorders unit, hospital infection in infection unit, virus in microorganisms unit, side reactions of drugs in introduction unit, anticonvulsants in drugs for central nervous system unit, local anesthesia in anesthesia unit, anticoagulants in drugs for cardiovascular system unit, anti-inflammatory drugs in antibiotics unit, anti-ulcer drugs in drugs for digestive system unit, and bronchodilators in drugs for respiratory system unit. 3. The common content of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs needed for all clinical areas in nursing were side effects of drugs, anticoagulants, interactions among drugs, and hospital infection. However, the degree of need of each pathological physiology, clinical microbiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as tissue changes due to injurious stimuli, degenerative changes of tissue, alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates, ischemia, hyperemia and congestion, hospital infection, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, bacteria, virus, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antiemetic drugs, antiparkinsonism drugs, antianxiety drugs, antibiotics, tuberculostatics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, parasiticides, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheais, and anti constipation drugs were shown according to the work area. 5. Significant differences in the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs necessary for nursing practice such as transplantation and immunologic response, alterations in the metabolism of uric acid, structure of microorganism, classification of microorganism, immunosuppressants, drugs for congestive heart failure were demonstrated according to the duration of work. Based on these findings, all the 72 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing science should be included as contents of the knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical microbiology, and mechanisms and effects of drugs.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-68
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• 2022

대한민국 중앙부처, 지방자치단체는 코로나 19가 급속도로 확산하는 팬데믹 상황에서 재난상황 극복을 위해 재난대응에 필요한 정보를 재난문자를 통해 제공하였다. 재난문자는 국민들이 가장 많이 접하는 재난정보 전달수단으로서, 휴대폰에 직접 방송하는 CBS(Cell Broadcast Service) 방식을 채택하고 있어 직접 찾아보는 수고스러움 없이 휴대폰을 통해 쉽게 정보를 접할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 지난 1년 1개월간(2020년 1월~2021년 1월) 서울특별시에 발송된 재난문자의 특성을 다양한 텍스트마이닝 방법론 등을 통해 도출하고 재난문자에 포함된 다양한 유형의 정보가 국민들의 이동 행태에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 서울특별시 지역구의 연령별 유동인구의 이동성을 통해 확인하였다. 각 문자에 포함된 주요 단어와 포함된 정보를 분류하는 과정을 거치고 포함된 단어를 기반으로 하는 문서 군집 분석 기법을 적용해 개별 발송 문자를 분석 단위로써 활용할 수 있도록 텍스트 분석을 시행하였다. 이후, 텍스트마이닝을 통해 추출한 재난문자의 특성이 지역별, 연령별 인구이동성에 미친 영향을 규명하였다. 구조화된 모형을 활용하여 재난정보가 인구이동성에 미치는 영향을 기본효과, 누적효과로 구분하여 측정하였다. 지자체가 보유한 재난문자 발송권한으로 인해 재난문자 발송 특성은 지자체별로 상이함을 계량 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과 인구이동성에 변화를 유발하는 정보유형은 연령별로 상이함을 확인할 수 있었다. 날짜와 순서에 관련된 정보는 60-70대의 인구이동성을 유의미하게 감소시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 온라인 정보는 20대의 이동성을 감소시켰고, 증상과 관련된 정보는 30대의 인구이동성을 감소시켰다. 한편, 방역 정책 준수를 당부하는 의미를 포함하는 규범적 단어 등은 전 연령의 인구이동성에 유의미한 변화를 불러일으키지 못함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 재난대응에 도움이 되는 유의미한 정보들만 재난문자에 포함되어야 함을 의미한다. 한편, 인구이동성에 유의미한 변화를 불러일으키는 정보유형 또한 재난문자가 반복됨에 따라 효과가 상쇄함을 음의 누적효과 추정 결과를 통해 확인할 수 있었다.