• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to survey a perception of frequency & importance level of job performance, from 249 paramedics who were working at fire station. The job related activities of 4 duties, 18 tasks and 145 task elements were checked by 4 rating scale. The data were analyzed using a SPSS program for descriptive statistics. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. Some of the most frequent tasks were medical tx, managing people & organization, trauma care, pt assessment, general coping skill 2. Some of the most frequent task elements were preparation of written reports, operation of pt lifting supplies, transportation of patients on stretchers, administration of cervical collar and utilization of scoop stretcher. 3. Some of the highest level of importance in task were resuscitation of circulation, surgical tx, safety & infection control, environmental emergency care, trauma care. 4. Some of the highest level of importance in task elements were administration of cervical collar, adult CPR, infant CPR, child CPR, and AED. 5. The highest level of task elements in perception of frequency & importance were administration of cervical collar, infection control after pt care, utilization of long back board, disinfection of ambulance after ride a long, care of chest pain pt, care of unconscious pt, tx of asthma. 6. A difference between frequent & importance score were due to lack of supplies(41%), structural problems(30%) and medical control system(16%), lack of skills(10%), Suggestion; 1. This paper would be more reliable and confirm through wilder range of survey. 2. It would be necessary of more depth survey through dacom study from paramedic. 3. Development of field oriented protocol & curriculum that based on task elements which have high score of both frequency & importance level is required.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.3309-3328
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• 2017

The application of Internet of Things (IoT) in the next generation cellular networks imposes a new characteristic on the data traffic, where a massive number of small packets need to be transmitted. In addition, some emerging IoT-based emergency services require a real-time data delivery within a few milliseconds, referring to as ultra-low latency transmission. However, current techniques cannot provide such a low latency in combination with a mice-flow traffic. In this paper, we propose a dynamic resource reservation schema based on an air-interface slicing scheme in the context of a massive number of sensors with emergency flows. The proposed schema can achieve an air-interface latency of a few milliseconds by means of allowing emergency flows to be transported through a dedicated radio connection with guaranteed network resources. In order to schedule the delay-sensitive flows immediately, dynamic resource updating, silence-probability based collision avoidance, and window-based re-transmission are introduced to combine with the frame-slotted Aloha protocol. To evaluate performance of the proposed schema, a probabilistic model is provided to derive the analytical results, which are compared with the numerical results from Monte-Carlo simulations.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

Due to the recent advancements of mobile telecommunication technology and high mobile phone penetration rate, researches on emergency text alert service for enhancing the accessibility have been actively conducted. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 further accelerates the efforts for the alert services. Existing emergency text services are simple and efficient. However, unclear reception area may cause unintended alert messages frequently. In this paper, we analyze survey results regarding the 5G-based text-alert services to derive service requirements for technological advancement. Then we propose an emergency disaster text service scenario using Active Geo-Targeting that enables active disaster text reception of terminals. In addition, we newly define an interface protocol that is CIB(Control Information Block) to operate the proposed scenario.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2024

Purpose: Severe abdominal injuries often require immediate clinical assessment and surgical intervention to prevent life-threatening complications. In Jeju Regional Trauma Center, we have instituted a protocol for emergency department (ED) laparotomy at the trauma bay. We investigated the mortality and time taken from admission to ED laparotomy. Methods: We reviewed the data recorded in our center's trauma database between January 2020 and December 2022 and identified patients who underwent laparotomy because of abdominal trauma. Laparotomies that were performed at the trauma bay or the ED were classified as ED laparotomy, whereas those performed in the operating room (OR) were referred to as OR laparotomy. In cases that required expeditious hemostasis, ED laparotomy was performed appropriately. Results: From January 2020 to December 2022, 105 trauma patients admitted to our hospital underwent emergency laparotomy. Of these patients, six (5.7%) underwent ED laparotomy. ED laparotomy was associated with a mortality rate of 66.7% (four of six patients), which was significantly higher than that of OR laparotomy (17.1%, 18 of 99 patients, P=0.006). All the patients who received ED laparotomy also underwent damage control laparotomy. The time between admission to the first laparotomy was significantly shorter in the ED laparotomy group (28.5 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 14-59 minutes) when compared with the OR laparotomy group (104 minutes; IQR, 88-151 minutes; P<0.001). The two patients who survived after ED laparotomy had massive mesenteric bleeding, which was successfully ligated. The other four patients, who had liver laceration, kidney rupture, spleen injury, and pancreas avulsion, succumbed to the injuries. Conclusions: Although ED laparotomy was associated with a higher mortality rate, the time between admission and ED laparotomy was markedly shorter than for OR laparotomy. Notably, major mesenteric hemorrhages were effectively controlled through ED laparotomy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2007

Background : The causes of chest pain vary but the leading cause of chest pain is ischemic heart disease. Mortality from ischemic chest pain has increased more than two fold over the last ten years. The purpose of this study was to determine the data necessary for rapid treatment of patients with signs and symptoms of ischemic chest pain in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods : We interviewed 170 patients who had ischemic chest pain in the emergency department of Yeungnam University Hospital over 6 months with a protocol developed for the evaluation. The protocol used included gender, age, arriving time, prior hospital visits, methods of transportation to the hospital, past medical history, final diagnosis, and outcome information from follow up. Results : Among 170 patients, there were 118 men (69.4%) and the mean age was 63 years. The patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were 106 (62.4%) and with angina pectoris (AP) were 64 (37.6%). The patients who had visited another hospital were 68.8%, twice the number that came directly to this hospital (p<0.05). The ratio of patients who visited another hospital were higher for the AMI (75.5%) than the AP (59.4%) patients (p<0.05). The median time spent deciding whether to go to hospital was 521 minutes and for transportation was 40 minutes. With regard to patients that visited another hospital first, the median time spent at the other hospital was 40 minutes. The total median time spent before arriving at our hospital was 600 minutes (p>0.05). The patients who had a total time delay of over 6 hours was similar 54.8% in the AMI group and 57.9% in the AP group (p>0.05). As a result, only 12.2% of the patients with an AMI received thrombolytics, and 48.8% of them had a simultaneous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the emergency department 8.5% of the patients with an AMI died. Conclusion : Timing is an extremely important factor for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Most patients arrive at the hospital after a long time lapse from the onset of chest pain. In addition, most patients present to a different hospital before they arrive at the final hospital for treatment. Therefore, important time is lost and opportunities for treatment with thrombolytics and/or PCI are diminished leading to poor outcomes for many patients in the ED. The emergency room treatment must improve for the identification and treatment of ischemic heart disease so that patients can present earlier and treatment can be started as soon as they present to an emergency room.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.28-38
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• 2019

In the world, traffic accidents and environmental pollution caused by the increase of vehicles are becoming a serious social problem. According to the 2016 data published by the Korea Highway Traffic Authority, Korea owns 49.9 vehicles per 100 people. This is the 28th largest number among the 35 OECD member countries. In addition, the number of deaths from traffic accidents in Korea totaled 4,292, of which 1,714 were caused by traffic accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians. To reduce these human casualties, the automotive industry is constantly working on the development and commercialization of Adaptive Driver Assist System (ADAS). ADAS is the system providing convenience and safeness for drivers. In general, ADAS consists of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Highway Driving Assist (HDA), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS). Among them, the AEB detects the possibility of collision by the vehicle itself and plays a role of avoiding the collision or reducing the damage through active braking. For such AEB, Euro NCAP has been developing test-evaluation methods for the vulnerable since 2017. Therefore, In this paper analyzes the scenario of Euro NCAP VRU Test Protocol v3.0.1, which will be established in 2020, and proposes test conditions according to the Korean road traffic law. In addition, the reliability of the proposed scenario and test conditions was verified by comparing and analyzing the proposed theoretical evaluation formulas and actual test results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1004-1010
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• 2019

In the EH-WSN (Energy harvesting wireless sensor network), a MAC (medium access control) protocol is required to select a relay node considering the power status of a node. Existing EH-WSN studies emphasize the power aspect, so it does not consider the QoS like the urgency of the sensed data. The required power and transmission delay must be changed according to the urgency so that the medium access control according to the data QoS can be performed. In case of relay node, relaying data without consideration of data urgency and node power may cause delay due to power shortage in case of urgent data. In this paper, we designed a MAC protocol that minimizes the power shortage that can occur during emergency data generation. For this, relay node requirements are set differently according to the urgency of data. The performance was analyzed through simulation. Simulation results show the reduced latency and improved reliability of urgent data transmission.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.432-445
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). The experimental group received an ECP, while the control group received standard eye care, starting the day after admission, for a duration of 10 days. The ECP classifies the degree of eyelid obstruction into three stages based on the degree of exposure to the lower eyelid conjunctiva and cornea. The protocol included cleansing with normal saline gauze, administering eye drops, applying silicone and polyurethane films, and recommending consultation with an ophthalmologist if necessary. The effectiveness of ECP was assessed by analyzing tear volume, hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and generalized estimating equations. Results: On day 5, the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in tear volume in both eyes compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge on days 5 and 10 of the intervention. Conclusion: The application of the ECP in this study increased tear volume in ICU patients, thereby reducing discomfort caused by dry eyes. It has the potential to prevent complications such as damage to the surface of the eyeball resulting from decreased tear volume.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2565-2568
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• 2003

This paper presents a behavioral data monitoring system based on WAP(wireless application protocol) service for the 24-hour continuous health state monitoring of the elderly and the disabled. The developed system transmits a character message to the predefined mobile cell phone through SMS service when an emergency state takes place. Simultaneously, the image captured by a CCD camera is transmitted to the server computer installed WAP service program. Then, the user of the cell phone who received he message can access the server and open the transmitted image. This system can be used for the effective health monitoring of the elderly and disabled.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.237-239
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• 2014

최근 들어, 전세계적으로 재난의 빈도와 규모가 커지고 있다. 예상치 못한 재난이 발생하였을 경우, 재난관리의 소홀은 국가적 위기를 가져올 수도 있다. 따라서 효율적이고 통합되어있는 재난관리 시스템의 운영이 필수적이며 이를 위하여 모든 경보시스템에서 통용 가능한 공통된 프로토콜이 필요하다. 국제표준인 공통경보프로토콜(CAP: Common Alerting Protocol)이 그 대안이다. 공통경보프로토콜은 미국뿐 아니라 캐나다와 호주에서 사용 중이며, 각 나라의 상황에 맞는 요구사항을 추가한 프로파일을 작성하여 재난관리 시스템에 적용하고 있다. 우리나라 역시 국내 실정에 맞는 요구사항이 반영된 "통합경보시스템을 위한 공통경보프로토콜 프로파일"이 표준으로 제정되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 "통합경보시스템을 위한 공통경보프로토콜 프로파일"과 공통경보프로토콜을 도입한 해외 각국의 프로파일을 비교한다.