• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.36-51
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• 2000

Almost every year, Korean suffered from the repetitive natural disasters such as typhoons and floods. During last 10 years, Korea experienced annual average of $50 million property damages caused by inundation. To estabilish the flood disaster counter plan, knowledge for flood damage causes based on the field investigations of inundated area is required. The field investigations is focused on technique to document and analyze the meteorological conditions leading to torrential rains, the causes and patterns of flooding, the performance of flood control structures in affected areas, the extent damages and the effectiveness of local emergency response and recovery actions. We did comparative analysis of field investigation techniques. As a major goal of flood hazard map design, one of non structural disaster countermeasures, it was expected to reduce flood damage losses by requiring local governments to implement land-use regulation that would result in safe building practices in flood hazard areas. This requires local governments to develop flood hazard maps to assess how to manage particularly vulnerable floodplain areas. In this study we suggested a design manual and the management system of flood hazard map.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.222-231
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• 1999

Uwhangchungsimwon(UC) has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of conditions including stroke, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, autonomic imbalance, mental instablity, etc in Korean traditional hospitals, In particular it is often initialy chosen for emergency care of acute stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UC on cerebral hemodynamics. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, we studied changes of mean flow velocity and pulsatility index(PI) of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from 11 health young volunteers who were administrated with 1 pill UC and 11 health controls who were not. We obtained hypercapnia with breath-holding and evaluated cerebrovascular reactivity with breath-holding index(BHI). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM). In UC administration group, the evaluation was performed during basal condition. and repeated at 20, 40, and 60 min after administration. In controls, the evaluation was performed at corresponding time intervals. Mean flow velocity in middle cerebral artery, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate did not change during the observation period and were not different between these two groups. However, administration of UC was associated with decreases in PI by $3.6{\sim}12.4%$ in BHI by $17.9{\sim}24.8%$ compared with pre-administration period. Decreases in PI and BHI with UC were significantly different compared with control group (p<0.05). These results indicate that UC decreases PI and BHI in cerebral artery, which is due to a dilation of cerebral resistance vessels.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2014

This study was performed to propose measures to improve and secure safety in the scene activities of firefighters. First, the majority of firefighters thought that working environment and equipment in fire station were inadequate for perforeming work tasks safely. Second, influential factors threatening safe scene activities mainly arose externally such as insecure working conditions of firefighting or emergency scene. Third, improvement in working environments was pointed out as the most urgent issue to secure safety. Firefighters recognized the expansion of field workforce in system, personnel management and the foundation of hospitals for firefighters hospital in working environment, and the development and distribution of safe equipment and change and inspection of air respirator facepiece on regular basis in equipment as urgent issues to be improved.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

With a view to determine a safe speed the limit of a manipulator arm, several experiments was performed with a multi-jointed manipulator in maintenance and decommissioning tasks of nuclear facilities. Under the simulated emergency conditions, which were generated with random combinations of manipulator arm speed, failure probability and failure type, response characteristics of human operators to various malfunctions of a manipulator arm were measured in terms of reaction time, number of false alarm, and number of misses. This paper demonstrated that failure type, manipulator axes and manipulator arm speed has significant effects on human reaction time. As a whole the reaction time was slightly increased with manipulator arm speed, which is showed somewhat different pattern due to failure type. The reaction time to an axis acting on a workpiece directly, which could flex and extend, was fastest and much more its standard deviation was small. Various factors which may affect safe speed were also described.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.803-805
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• 2009

Purpose: Many conditions can mimic the presentation of burns. Herpes zoster is one of them. The characteristic features of herpes zoster such as vesicles, pustular lesions and crusts can also be found in burns. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a disease caused by recurrent infection of varicella - zoster virus in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. This virus frequently affects nasociliary branch and serious ocular complications can occur. Thus, early diagnosis and proper treatment of this disease is important to prevent further ocular manifestations. We report a man who sustained minor facial burn injury that was complicated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Methods: A 66 - year - old man visited emergency room with multiple whitish vesicles with serous discharge on right forehead, right medial canthal area and nose. At first he was thought to have a secondary infection of facial burn injury. The vesicles on his face began to form crusts on the next day. Since his skin lesion was located on the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, we also suspected herpes zoster ophthalmicus. He was referred to dermatologist and ophthalmologist. Results: We used antiviral agent (Acyclovir) and NSAIDs for treatment. The patient had no ocular complications. His skin lesion was almost healed after 1 month and remained scars. We treated a patient with minor facial burn complicated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus with antiviral agent. Conclusion: In this work, we describe a case of old patient with herpetic infection and emphasize the need for careful examination to diagnose accurately.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) is well-known as toxic gas and intrinsic signaling molecule such as neurotransmitter and blood vessel relaxant. Recently, it has been reported that low concentration of CO exerts therapeutic actions under various pathological conditions including liver failure, heart failure, gastric cancer, and cardiac arrest. However, little has been known about the effect of CO in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). To test whether CO could exert a beneficial action during oxidative cell death in PD, we examined the effects of CO on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. CORM-2 treatment decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, which had been increased by 6-OHDA. CORM-2 increased phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is a transcription factor regulating antioxidant proteins. Subsequently, CORM-2 also increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD), which were antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf2. These results suggest that CO released by CORM-2 treatment may have protective effects against oxidative cell death in PD through the potentiation of cellular adaptive survival responses via activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, leading to increasing antioxidant defense capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2010

This study intends to present a direction for the better reforming of fishers'onboard living conditions and proposals for preparing for ratification of the Work in Fishing Convention by means of making a comparison between standards on recent national fishing vessel accommodation facilities and standards on the Work in Fishing Convention and Its Recommendation, 2007, ILO. For the most part of standards on national fishing vessel accommodation facilities are somewhat insufficient to satisfy the provisions in Annex III of the Convention. Considering by items on fishing vessel accommodation facilities, the standards on insect protector, noise and vibration, heating and air conditioning, lighting, persons per sleeping room, recreational facility are not provided in national law. Headroom, separation of accommodation, sleeping room floor area, mattress size, mess room, galley and food storage are partially sufficient for the Convention. In case of sanitary facilities, national standards are not sufficient for the Convention. The other side, facilities related safety of ship and crew such as emergency escape etc., are fully sufficient for the Convention. These insufficiencies caused by different types of fishing vessel depend on originality of fishing method and practices. In the comparison between equivalent tonnage about vessel's length on convention and calculated tonnage of national existing fishing vessel, the difference are 226tons about length 24m and 501tons about length 45m. For that reason, headroom, persons per sleeping room, cabin of sicker and injured, sanitary facilities may decide to use gross tonnage in place of length (L) and the alleviating measure basis of convention. But in case of standards on sanitary facilities which are unsufficient for the Convention, specially in coastal fishing vessel length basis should be adopted with alleviating basis for less than length 24m.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.451-465
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• 2012

In order to strengthen assurance of National Health Insurance, co-payment should be reduced. This can happen with collaborative efforts of patients, medical institutes, and government altogether at the same time. This research applied Dutton(1986)'s medical service research model with high R-square, and analyzed 2008 Korea Health Panel Data (Beta Version 1), that was examined by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance, in order to figure out influential variables on co-payment. In result of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, R-square was 46.7%, the older the age, the patients who had surgery, the longer days of hospital treatment are, the higher gross income of a household is, the more hospitalized in upper grade general hospitals, and the more upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor are used. The results have statistical significance. When conducting research applying medical service research model, there is a need to apply Dutton(1986)'s medical service research model with high R-square. In order to strengthen assurance of National Health Insurance, first conditions should be that patients are hospitalized in upper grade general hospital, and at the same time, are patients who had surgery with long stay of hospitalization. In addition, if proven that patients used upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor due to lack of regular treatment and rooms, for certain number of days of such hospitalization, it is suggested to be provided with health care insurance in upper grade rooms and selecting a doctor in calculating co-payment limit.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.352-358
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• 2012

Purpose: The inexpensive black box system was developed to acquire and save driving information, to give the slope information, and to transmit SOS and theft signal. Method: The device consists of a main micro controller to acquire and save data, a GPS sensor module, a CDMA module, a touch LCD module, a RF (Radio Frequency) ID module, a SD (Secure Digital) card module, an emergency electric power source, a theftproof circuit, and a sensing device. The sensing device consists of a 8 bit micro controller, a accelerometer to detect impulse, two slope sensors to detect roll and pitch angle and a circuit to detect operation of 6 lighting devices. Results: Test results are as follows: 1) a tractor can be start up only with an electronic key (password or RFID card), 2) theft signal was transmitted when a tractor moved without an electronic key, 3) SOS was transmitted at conditions that rollover or crash happened. 4) 5 more than per 1s data are recorded at 5 minute intervals as new file name in SD card. Conclusions: This system can be used to save travelling record, reduce accident, prevent theft and rescue life in the accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 2016

A UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flies along pre-programed navigation points(in-flight, take-off, or landing) automatically without pilot input. Even though UAVs fly differently from general piloted aircraft as the pilot controls the aircraft from a ground station through means of a data-link system. Occasionally, the data-link connection can be lost for any number of reasons, in which case, the FLCC(Flight control Computer) must automatically switch to autopilot to continue flying. Hence, the FLCC is a flight-critical component that must be throughly tested and validated. This paper discusses the development of a HILS(Hardware in the Loop Simulation) test environment designed to simulate real flight conditions to verify the FLCC satisfies flying quality requirements and maintains robustness despite any potential malfunctions or emergency situations.