• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.512-518
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• 2022

In this study, safety devices for ammonia tanks of a company in Ulsan petrochemical industrial complex were studied. The type of a tank is cylindrical and this tank was originally designed to store propylene in 1972. Due to the changes of the production schedule according to market environments, the usage of this tank has been changed to store ammonia. Despite of the changes of materials, there is no scientific information or reviews for guaranteeing the safety. Therefore, in this study, the current status of this tank is investigated to confirm that the operational conditions are complying with safety conditions. Moreover, the safety devices such as an ammonia absorbing system and water curtains are analyzed how they mitigate the impact of an accident. In addition, consequence analysis is performed to provide a proper emergency response plan. Throughout these analysis, it is confirmed that installed safety devices effectively mitigate the impact of accidents, and the necessary time for an emergency response plan is suggested when ammonia release.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this survey was to investigate the health status (food intake, exercise, smoking, drinking, stress, social support) of North Korean Refugees in Gwangju metropolitan city and Jeonnam province. Method : Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 61 North Korean Refugees from March 20 to April 20, 2005. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS win 12.0 programs. Results: In current health status, 42.7% of the subjects were in poor health. In exercise status, 32.8% of the subjects practiced exercise regular basis but only 13.1% did it 3-4 times per week. In smoking status, 26.2% of the subjects were current smokers and 81% were nicotine dependent. In drinking status, 37.7% of the subjects were current drinkers, 48% were problematic and 17% were alcohol dependent. In stress status, 42.7% of the subjects were in psycho-emotional, 49.2% in physical and 19.6% in behavioral stress. The mean score of social support was 24 out of 54 points showing a little low relatively. Conclusion : These findings showed that the health conditions of Saeteomins were poor relatively. Therefore, health care programs should be started for these Saeteomins in order to improve their health status.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1726-1731
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• 2006

Hydraulic and numerical models were applied to design the emergency spillway of ImHa multipurpose Dam. For the numerical model, FLOW-3D was used to evaluate the three-dimensional flow in the spillway. The results of hydraulic model were compared with those of the numerical model which were separated into four zones such as approaching zone, weir zone, transition & tunnel chute zone, and dissipator zone. Moreover, for optimum design of the spillway, the hydraulic and numerical models were performed for the basic plan. Solving the problems of the basic plan, the optimized alternative design was proposed. The numerical models for various conditions of the spillway were performed, which is not always feasible in the hydraulic models. Verified by using the hydraulic models, the optimum alternative design was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

The system performance of Engineered Safety Features is of utmost importance in a nuclear power plant. The human performance is identified as most critical to assurance of the optimal operability of safety systems during an emergency. The aim of this study is to determine how the performance of safety system could be evaluated using Augmented Reality technology. The paper presents a description of how a systems engineered approach could be used to develop the necessary operating conditions needed to conduct this measurement. Augmented Virtual Reality (AVR) interface technology is achieving ease of availability and widespread use in many applications today as illustrated by the launch of several AR and VR devices aimed at media consumption. As such, environments that incorporate such AVR hardware have become invaluable tools in designing human interface systems because of the high fidelity and intuitive response to natural human interaction that can be achieved [2]. The outcome of the measurement undertaken is to determine whether 1.) Operator(s) performance can be enhanced by introducing an improved cognitive method of monitoring plant information during an Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP) and 2.) In correlation, inform the performance of the diverse safety systems on the basis of human factors.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.34-44
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• 2010

This research paper surveyed the awareness of general administrative officials who oversee the disaster management and firefighting officials who take part in emergency rescue work in local governments on disaster response exercises. The result of the survey showed that both officials acknowledged the need of the equipment used in disaster response exercises, securing the budgets for exercises, establishing a network among related institutions, reflecting actual conditions and local characteristics to the exercises, reflecting the result of exercise evaluations to the disaster response manual and next exercises, and securing a command communication system required for exercises.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2018

This paper reports an analysis of cyclist accident cases with respect to passenger vehicles on Korean roads. A typology based on Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data (iGLAD) code book is applied to a traffic accident analysis system(TAAS), which has the real-world crash data on Korea roads, to understand the accident scenarios in more detail and efficiently. Similarly this typology has been used for Germany In-Depth Accidents Study (GIDAS) as well. The accident data analysis with consideration of the typology of Korean road conditions may prioritize traffic safety issues regarding cyclists and is aimed to develop an Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system for cyclist. In summary, this paper characterizes and analyzes the scenarios of cyclist crashes with passenger car. The most common accident scenarios on Korean roads are Car-to-Bicyclist Nearside Adult (CBNA) and Car-to-Bicyclist Longitudinal Adult (CBLA), which are more than 86% of total accidents cases. Therefore, it is inferred that AEB cyclist system should include these accident types in the operational design domain to reduce more fatality in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2001

1. In general, male-to-female rate of those investigated was 1.83:1(M:F) and in term of economic status, most were middle class. The investigation shows that reserved, sharp and nervous persons were inclined to easily fall ill. 2. The probability of their falling ill was high in the fall and during sleep because probability of cerebral infarction was high. 3. It was found that they more refained from overeating and from eating pungent food and had less meat than before illness, in addition that refaining from drinking and smoking further improves their daily lives. 4. The especially acknowledged the necessity of physical exercise, they exercised, more frequency, but less strenuously. This was due to the decline in their physical strength or the unsystematic nature of the exercise. 5. In terms of weight loss, the test subjects lost 5kg on average while two of them lost 10kg. The investigation revealed that such stroke patients could overcome a range of problems, and they could improve and maintain their daily condition through guidance and education about their illness. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients needed be shown love and concern, to lead a normal satisfying social life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2016

In this study, we considered the ignition possibility for the shredded thermoplastic elastomer at the fire ground loaded the waste TPE. The average moisture content of the TPE sample was almost 0.33 wt.% at $110^{\circ}C$ and the range of ignition point was $461.9{\sim}491.9^{\circ}C$ approximately. In addition, we analyzed the change of weight and calorie the TPE sample according to temperature variations using the TG-DTA analyzer. As a result, the weight loss occurred twice in $250{\sim}420^{\circ}C$ and $420{\sim}473^{\circ}C$, and we found the second weight loss temperature range was the ignition point of TPE. Also, we conducted the spontaneous ignition tests of TPE for the wet and dry samples and we confirmed that the possibility of spontaneous ignition of TPE was very low. The elapsed time and humidity had little influence on the spontaneous ignition of TPE in this experimental conditions. In conclusion, the spontaneous of the shredded waste TPE in this study.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the status of health management and to evaluate the need for health professionals in day care centers in the South Korea. Method: Data were obtained from 360 child care providers in 16 provinces from May to August, 2007. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Safety education (traffic. 83.8% general safety. 71.6%) was provided more often than the other topic of education. All health related education was provided by child care providers. When minor health problems occurred, the most common management strategy was to send the child home (36.1%). During emergency conditions, majority of child care providers preferred taking the children to medical centers without giving any emergency care and 19.4% reported sending the child home without any immediate care. Child care providers recognized the need for health care professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need for services of health professionals in day care centers to satisfy the needs and expectations for health management in these centers. As health professionals, public health nurses or pediatric nurse practitioners may play an important role in health management of children in day care centers.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.9
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2012

Recently, lack of power reserve margin was observed quite often. In this paper, we studied the method to secure power source for a short time, to cut the utility power peak load, and to reduce the users electricity bills. Emergency diesel generator of an office building is to be converted into a dual-fuel engine generator which is responsible for a portion of the peak load. Compared to the conventional diesel fuel generator, the proposed dual-fuel engine is able to reduce the generation power cost by dual-fuel combustion, and it also mitigates the building's utility power peak load by charging the building's peak load. If the dead resources (a group of emergency dual-fuel engine generators), as a Virtual Power Plant, are operating in peak time, we can significantly reduce future large power development costs. We investigated the current general purpose electricity bills as well as the records of the building electric power usage, and calculated diesel engine generator renovation costs, generation fuel costs, driving conditions, and savings in electricity bills. The proposed dual-fuel engine generation method reduces 18.1% of utility power peak load, and turned out to be highly attractive investment alternative which shows more than 27% of IRR, 76 million won of NPV, and 20~53 months of payback periods. The results of this study are expected to be useful to developing the policy & strategy of the energy department.