• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Proximal DVT has a significant association with PE and possible fatal outcomes. Traditionally, PE is subdivided into symptomatic PE and asymptomatic PE, which have different treatments, preventions and prognoses. The growing utilization of computed tomography pulmonary angiography has led to increased detection of PE in DVT patients. This study examined the clinical characteristics and compared symptomatic PE and asymptomatic PE following proximal DVT. Methods: The medical records of 258 DVT inpatients from July, 2012 to June, 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. After excluding the patients who did not performed PE evaluation and were not diagnosed with PE, 95 patients diagnosed with PE following proximal DVT were enrolled in this study. They were divided into the symptomatic PE group and asymptomatic PE group. Results: The body weight, body mass index, thrombus size, thrombus length and location were similar in the two groups. The symptomatic PE following proximal DVT group showed an older age, higher incidence of emergency department access (85.0% vs. 38.7%, p<0.001) and preceding infection (25.0% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001) as well as a higher incidence of immobilization (45.0% vs 13.3%, p=0.016). In the multivariate logistic regression study, preceding infection and emergency department access showed significant association with symptomatic PE. Conclusion: In proximal DVT inpatients, symptomatic PE was associated with emergency department access and preceding infection. The possibility of a symptomatic PE event should be considered in proximal DVT patients, especially those who were admitted through the emergency department and had preceding infection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

Acute poisoning is one of the diseases which need the most fastest emergency measures at the very beginning. However, at present, The Korea doesn't manage the toxication all over the country, and in particular, there is no guide to medical cure paying due regard to the traits of each area. This paper focused on the issue that the necessary data in preparing the facilities for the treatment of the poisoned patients and materials for medical treatment including antidote would have to be collected, after finding the special features of the symptoms by searching the present conditions of the poisoning in small towns next to farm villages in the North area of Youngseo, Kangwon province. This study was based on the questionnaires from 111 patients who were carried into the emergency room by the poisoning in two university hospitals of the North area of Youngseo, Kangwon, for one year, 2002. Upon investigation, the patients(111) visiting emergency room by the acute poisoning during the research period was found to be 0.37 percent of all patients(30,085) visiting emergency room. Among them, the most high percentage was given in their twenties and thirties at the rate of $39.6\%$, and the ratio($40.5\%$) of the poisoned patients after their fifties was much higher than a research($10\%$) of other areas. Many poisoned patients came to their rescue in an emergency room generally in spring and in winter, from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Agricultural chemical of the toxic materials had a majority at a ratio of $57.7\%$, and paraquat of the agricultural chemicals was found to have a lot of toxicity by $31.7\%$. As the trace of the toxication, the oral poisoning was common by $89.2\%$, and $55.9\%$ in the case of operating gastric lavage and nasogastric irrigation, but only $14.4\%$ for prescribing antidote. The mortality of the acute poisoned patients was $17.2\%$, and the toxication by paraquat held a majority. As a result, the acute poisoning of the North area in Youngseo, Kangwon had both of the characteristics of the rural and the city, and the patients over their fifties by the population aging had more attack of the disease than other regions. Also, with the high ratio of the toxication by the agricultural chemicals, especially, the lethal agricultural chemical was used frequently. Therefore, these dangerous situations need to find the ways to cope with.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

Fat embolism syndrome is a collection of respiratory, neurological and cutaneous symptoms and signs associated with trauma and other disparate surgical and medical conditions. The incidence of clinical syndrome is low while the embolization of marrow fat appears to be an almost inevitable consequence of long bone fractures. The pathogenesis is a subject of conjecture and controversy. There are two theories which have gained acceptance(mechanical theory, biochemical theory). Onset of symptom is usually within 12 to 72 hours, but may manifest as early as 6 hours to as late as 10 days. The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome involves pulmonary changes, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash. The cornerstone of treatment is preventing the stress response, hypovolemia and hypoxia and operative stabilization of fractures. Corticosteroid are the only drugs which have repeatedly shown a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of fat embolism syndrome. We report a case of post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome with severe cerebral involvement without respiratory distress. A 55 years old female had a traffic accident. She sustained pelvic bone fracture and both humerus fracture. Approximately 4 hours after the accident, mental status change developed without a focal neurologic deficits. She had no respiratory symptom and sign. Her brain MRI showed multiple cerebral fat embolism lesion. The patients received supportive treatment with corticosteroid, albumin. Her neurologic status stabilized over several days. After orthopedic surgery, she was discharged 62 days after admission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Signalized intersections are operated without a signal preemption control strategy in Korea, thus there is no priority treatment for an emergency vehicle passing through the intersections. In this paper, a signal preemption control strategy is introduced to improve the safety and operational efficiency of an emergency vehicle. Using the micro simulation tool, the effects on delay and travel speed of the signal preemption control strategy are analyzed for various traffic conditions to identify the general performance trends. Then, another simulation analysis is performed to verify the feasibility of the control strategy using real network data collected from field study. Results show that the preemption control strategy provides the positive impact on emergency vehicles' operation, but the positive impact is reduced as the v/c ratios increase. As expected, the average delays of the normal vehicles are slightly increased, but the magnitude is not significant. Therefore, it is expected that the introduction of the preemption control strategy in Korea would produce the positive social benefits.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

The field triage guidelines have been widely implemented in the Korean trauma system. This study aimed to evaluate and validate whether it is reliable to use the field triage guidelines for predicting severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury (TSI) patients. This study retrospectively analyzed in-hospital cohort registries of all TBI and TSI patients, who visited the emergency department (ED) of the Jeju National University Hospital from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015. The primary outcome was defined as TBI and TSI patients with an injury severity score (ISS)>15. Secondary outcomes were defined as cases in which one or more of the following conditions: in-hospital death, ISS>15, admission to the intensive care unit, emergency surgery. We enrolled 14,889 TBI and TSI patients who visited ED, of which 7,966 (53.5%) were triage positive. The overall sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of the full cumulative field triage guidelines step's model (Step 1+3+4 criteria) for primary outcome were 82.8%, 47.0%, and 0.646, respectively. In the results for secondary outcomes, the specificity did not show a significant difference, but the sensitivity decreased to 66.5% and AUC to 0.568. The results of this study suggest that further optimization of the field triage guidelines is needed to identify high-risk TBI and TSI patients.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

Purpose: Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. It is used for treating hypotension on distributive shock, central nervous system injury, or sepsis. There are several reports that state that alcohol suppresses vasoconstriction by NE. Thus, our hypothesis is that the effect of NE is reduced in alcohol-drinking patients with distributive shock. We investigated whether alcohol suppresses NE-induced contraction and aimed at finding a solution to this problem. Methods: For this study, we used the aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats (9-11 weeks) and an isometric contraction system. Results: Our results showed that alcohol suppresses NE contraction and does not affect epinephrine induced a contraction. Moreover, in the presence of alcohol, a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine induced a contractile force similar to that induced by NE under normal conditions. Conclusion: We found that the vasoconstrictive force of NE decreased in the blood vessels in which alcohol was present, which was not because endothelial cells. The reduced contractile force was most similar to that induced by a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.537-545
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• 2009

Though there were many research and development about telemedicine on land recently, not yet applied to that on the shore. In this paper, when emergency clinic situation were generated in a ship on shore, the telemedicine system was designed and implemented for transfer and clinic service to doctors on the land by measuring basic body signals of patients. Presently, wireless communication and inmarsat telephone are usually used by simple questions and clinic consults to remote doctors when emergency situation were happened in the ship. In this paper, the telemedicine system on the shore were developed for improving this problems by measuring patient's fundamental conditions such as the blood pressure, pulse, the respiratory condition, electrocardiogram, body temperature, patient image and sending these information to remote doctors on land for more accurate prescription. The developed system can supply the high level clinic service to emergency patients on the shore and cope with the emergency situation in ship.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.519-529
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• 2021

In coal mining activities, the abutment stress of the coal has to undergo cyclic loading and unloading, affecting the strength and seepage characteristics of coal; additionally, it can cause dynamic disasters, posing a major challenge for the safety of coal mine production. To improve the understanding of the dynamic disaster mechanism of gas outburst and rock burst coupling, triaxial devices are applied to axial pressure cyclic loading-unloading tests under different axial stress peaks and different pore pressures. The existing empirical formula is use to perform a non-linear regression fitting on the relationship between stress and permeability, and the damage rate of permeability is introduced to analyze the change in permeability. The results show that the permeability curve obtained had "memory", and the peak stress was lower than the conventional loading path. The permeability curve and the volume strain curve show a clear symmetrical relationship, being the former in the form of a negative power function. Owing to the influence of irreversible deformation, the permeability difference and the damage of permeability mainly occur in the initial stage of loading-unloading, and both decrease as the number of cycles of loading-unloading increase. At the end of the first cycle and the second cycle, the permeability decreased in the range of 5.777 - 8.421 % and 4.311-8.713 %, respectively. The permeability decreases with an increase in the axial stress peak, and the damage rate shows the opposite trend. Under the same conditions, the permeability of methane is always lower than that of helium, and it shows a V-shape change trend with increasing methane pressures, and the permeability of the specimen was 3 MPa > 1 MPa > 2 MPa.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

Purpose: The I-gel device is Korea's most frequently used airway management method during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to compare changes in ventilation volume according to the fixation method with a simulated manikin. Methods: We placed I-gel into an advanced life support simulator and compared tape and band fixation conditions. CPR was performed according to the 2020 Korean CPR guidelines, using a mechanical chest compression device and an adult bag. The positional shift of I-gel and the ventilation volume of the simulated manikin were measured after performing CPR for 20 minutes. Five trials were carried out in each setting. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 27.0. P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Positional shift after 20 minutes of CPR was as follows: tape fixation, 7.2 ± 0.2 mm; band fixation, no change, indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p=.003). The mean ventilation volume was tape fixation, 482.63 ± 30.84 mL; band fixation, 544.96 ± 22.98 mL, showing a significant difference (p=.002). Conclusion: When using the I-gel during pre-hospital CPR, using a band-type fixing device with elasticity rather than fixing the tape provides stable and appropriate ventilation by maintaining the fixed position.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8357-8362
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• 2015

The emergency call device has been installed and operated for the elevator passenger safety, but the call can not be connected or delay to the operator in an emergency. The application of the Internet of Things(IoT) technology is required for the systematic management and reliability of the emergency call device installed in the elevator. To meet these requirements it is necessary to apply the RMS(Remote Management System). Emergency call device periodically reports the operating status information and the emergency call history information of the emergency call device to the RMS in the PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) environment, and transmits the call request information in an emergency. RAS(Remote Access Server) plays a role of converting the PSTN signals to TCP / IP. RMS reports a significant outbreak call and abnormal operating conditions to administrators. In this study, we developed optimized protocol to PSTN environment that is required by RMS and implemented its differentiated process. And a RAS-RMS Protocol was added to the Application Layer. Development protocol consisting of simple structure as compared to CoAP, MQTT or HTTP can work properly in low-spec CPU and transmit elevator emergency key information easily.