• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2003

본 시험은 한우에서 연령에 따라 혈청성분들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 한우 866두(거세 638, 비거세 228)에 대하여 혈청 농도를 분석하여 채혈시 일령을 독립 변량으로 하고 혈청 성분들을 종속변수로 하는 다항 회귀방정식으로 추정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 거세우나 비거세우 모두 같은 차수의 회귀방정식이 접합한 혈청 성분은 IGF- I (3차식) calium(1차식) 및 IP(1차식)이었고 거세우에서는 1차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청 성분은 testosterone와 creatinine었다. 반면에 HDLC는 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하나 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 triglyceride 농도와 globulin농도 그리고 A/G비율 등이었고, 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 BUN이었으며, 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 TP와 albumin이었다. 한편 cortisol은 거세우나 비거세우에서 모두 3차식까지의 회귀방정식으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 적합하지 않았으며 glucose는 비거세우에서는 3차식 변화를 보이고 있으나 거세우에서는 3차식까지의 회귀방정식만으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 어려웠다. 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되는 혈청성분들의 회귀모형 중에서 비교적 R-SQUARE 값이 높은 것(R-SQUARE value>0.1)들은 거세우에서 ICF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등이었으며, 비거세우에서 testosterone, IGF-I, TP, albumin, glucose, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등으로 나타났다. 따라서 IGF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등은 거세우나 비거세우 모두에서 연령에 따라 비교적 큰 변화를 보이는 혈청 성분이라고 생각된다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

대목용 박은 개화 후 50~70일 정도 지난 종과를 수확하여 10~15일 간 후숙한 후 채종하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 수정 후 종과의 수확시기와 후숙기간에 따른 발아율(발현율)을 비교하였다. 실험재료로는 2010년 한국농수산대학에서 정식하여 채종한 대목용 박 5품종을 이용하였다. 채종과의 수확은 수분 후 각각 24, 31, 50, 70일에 하였으며 후숙 기간은 수확 후 5일과 수확일과 후숙일을 더하여 85일이 되도록 각각 62, 55, 35, 15일 후에 채종하였다. 수분 후 24일 후에 채종한 종자는 전혀 발아하지 않았으며, 31일과 50일째 수확한 것이 경제적인 발현율을 보였다. 24일째에 수확한 종과도 62일간 후숙하면 78% 이상의 발현율을 보여 미숙과실도 효과적인 후숙을 통해 채종이 가능함을 보였고, 50일 이상 성숙한 종과의 경우 10-15일 정도의 후숙 처리를 하여도 발아율이 높은 종자를 채종할 수 있을 것으로 추찰되었다. 종자에 대한 배의 비율과 유묘의 하배축 길이와 굵기로 본 종자의 성숙도에 있어서도 후숙의 효과가 뚜렷하였으며, 24일째 수확하여 62일 후숙한 종자는 성숙한 종과에서 채종한 종자에 버금가는 성능을 보였다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.128-128
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• 2003

The aims of this study are 1) to test oocytes and embryos collected from in-vivo and in-vitro to achieving the valuable protocol by culturing, vitrifying and thawing of oocytes/embryos, and 2) to transfer them to recipient, and finally have resulted in pregnancies from recipient females after surgical or nonsurgical transfer. In vitro maturation and fertilization were performed according to the procedures of Funahashi et al. Fertilized oocytes were cultured in glucose-free NCSU 23 supplemented with 5 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.5 mM sodium lactate and 4 mg/ml bovine serum albumin for 2 days at 39$^{\circ}C$, and 10% fetal bovine serum was added to the culture medium thereafter. Embryos were treated with 7.5$\square$g/ml cytochalasin-B for 30 min, centrifuged at 13,000 ${\times}$ g for 13 min and then exposed sequentially to an ethylene glycol (EG) vitrification solution, aspirated into OPSs, and plunged/thawed into/from liquid nitrogen. In vivo embryos were surgically collected from three donors after Al. Forty-six embryos (18, 9 and 19 embryos, respectively) were washed 3 times in mPBS+10%FBS, followed treatments : cultured, centrifuged, vitrified, recovered and transferred to recipients as in vitro prepared embryos. Three recipients received surgically 34(control), 188 and 184 embryos (derived from abattoir), respectively. Another three recipients were received nonsurgically 150, 100 and 150 embryos, respectively. All recipient sows exhibited delayed returns to estrus. To our knowledge, these results suggest that required an improved techniques, more vigorous embryos preparation and cleaner uterous condition(use gilt).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to produce live offspring from in vitro fertilized goat embryos. Oocytes were collected from abattoir ovaries and kept in oocyte collection medium. Oocytes were washed 4-5 times with maturation medium containing medium-199 with 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ FSH, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ LH, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ gentamycin, 10% inactivated estrus goat serum, and 3% BSA (fatty acid free). Oocytes were placed in 100 ${\mu}l$ drops of maturation medium containing granulosa cell monolayer and incubated in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 27 h. For capacitation of spermatozoa fresh semen was processed and mixed in 3 ml fertilization TALP medium containing 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ heparin and kept in the above incubator for 2 h. The capacitated spermatozoa were coincubated with matured oocytes for fertilization. Cleaved embryos were separated and cultured in embryo development medium with oviductal cells and 494 embryos were produced. Recipient goats were synchronized with two injections of 15 mg $PGF_{{2}{\alpha}}$/goat 10 days apart. Eighty early stage embryos were transferred into the uterotubal junction of 14 surrogate mothers using laparoscopy techniques. One recipient delivered twin kids, whereas another two recipients each.delivered a single kid The parentage of these kids was evaluated using highly polymorphic co-dominant microsatellites markers. From the present study, it was concluded that live goat kids can be produced from in vitro matured and fertilized goat embryos, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2689-2698
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• 2013

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a collection of events that allows the conversion of adherent epithelial cells, tightly bound to each other within an organized tissue, into independent fibroblastic cells possessing migratory properties and the ability to invade the extracellular matrix. EMT contributes to the complex architecture of the embryo by permitting the progression of embryogenesis from a simple single-cell layer epithelium to a complex three-dimensional organism composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. However, in most tissues EMT is a developmentally restricted process and fully differentiated epithelia typically maintain their epithelial phenotype. Recently, elements of EMT, specially the loss of epithelial markers and the gain of mesenchymal markers, have been observed in pathological states, including epithelial cancers. Increasing evidence has confirmed its presence in human colon during colorectal carcinogenesis. In general, chronic inflammation is considered to be one of the causes of many human cancers including colorectal cancer(CRC). Accordingly, epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate that patients affected by ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, have an increased risk of developing CRC. A large body of evidence supports roles for the SMAD/STAT3 signaling pathway, the NF-kB pathway, the Ras-mitogenactivated protein kinase/Snail/Slug and microRNAs in the development of colorectal cancers via epithelial-tomesenchymal transition. Thus, EMT appears to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and analysis refered to it can yield novel targets for therapy.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2001

본 연구는 고품질육의 DNA marker가 규떵된 한우로부터 초음파유노 난포란의 연속적 채취를 통하여 능력이 우수한 한우 수정란온 대량생산하는 방법의 확립과 이를 한우농가에 응용하고자 초음파 난자채취기를 이용하여 등지방층두께, 일당증체량, 근내지방도 및배최장근 단면적에 연관된 DNA marker를 보유하고 있는 한우 5두로부터 개체및 난포수, 채취방법, 회수한 난포란의 등급 등을 조사하였다. 한우 5두의 개체별 난포수는 6, 10, 5, 4 및 11회 관찰하여 각각 59개(9.8$\pm$4.5개), 82개(8.2$\pm$4.8개), 83개(16.6$\pm$2.6개), 50개(12.5$\pm$0.5개) 및 79개(7.2$\pm$3.1개)였으며, 모두 36회에 걸쳐 관찰하였던 바 353개(9.8$\pm$4.9개)의 난포를 확인할 수 있었다. 전체 난포수는 small(227개), medium(112개), large follicles(14개) 순으로 나타났으며, 개체별 평균 난포수는 5101번 개체가 평균 16.6$\pm$2.6개로써 가장 높았다. 개체별 난포란의 회수율은 5101번 개체가 89.3%(50/56 ; >2mm) 및 94%(47/50 ; $\leq$2mm)로써 가장 높게 나타났으며, 5두 전체 회수율은 $\leq$2mm(손가락 촉지)가 85.7%(132/154)로써 >2mm (초음파 image)의 74.2%(201/271)보다 유의적 (P<0.01)으로 높게 나타났다. >2mm의 난포에서 채취한 회수란의 등급은 각각 1.0%(G I). 5.0%(G II), 31.3%(G III) 및 62.7%(G IV)로 나타났으며, $\leq$2mm의 난포로부터 채취한 회수란을 각각 2.3%(G I), 16.7%(II),38.6%(G III) 및 42.4%(G IV)의 등급별 회수을 보였다. 1등급(G I) 난포란은 2~6mm 난포에서 1개(1.1%)였으며, 2등급(G II)은 $\leq$2mm, 2-6mm 및 $\geq$6mm 난포에서 각각 5개(3.3%), 11개(11.7%) 및 3개(33.3%)로써 $\geq$6mm 난포에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 3등급(G III) 난포란도 각각 43개(28.9%). 35개(37.2%) 및 5개(55.6%)로써 $\geq$6mm 난포에서 가장 높았으나, 4등급(GIV) 난포란은 $\geq$6mm 난포에서 1개(11.1%)로써 $\leq$2mm 및 2-6mm 난포에서의 101개(67.8%) 및 47개(50.0%) 보다 매우 낮게 나타났다. 전체 회수 난포란수도 4등급이 59.1%(149/252)로써 1, 2, 3등급의 0.4% (1/252), 7.6%(19/252) 및 32.9%(83/252)보다 높게 나타났다. 1회 평균 회수 난포란은 $\leq$2mm 난포에서 4.8$\pm$3.7개로써 2-6mm(3.0$\pm$3.4개) 및 $\geq$6mm (0.3$\pm$0.6개)보다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2002

본 연구는 개 난자의 체외성숙율 높이기 위해 개의 발정주기가 체외성숙에 미치는영향과 체외성숙율의 효율적 향상을 위해 실험을 실시하였으며, 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. Anestrus, proestrus, estrus와 diestrus의 발정주기로 구분하여 MII로의 체외성숙율을 48시간과 72시간 배양후 관찰한 결과 각각 15.9%, 16.3%, 23.7%와 18.2%와 22.1%, 30.8%, 36.6%와 17.5%로 나타났다. 2. 각 발정주기별로 72시간 배양한 후의 성숙율은 estrus 및proestrus기의 난자가 anestrus 난자보다 유의 적으로 높은 값를 보였다(p＜0.05). 3. 배양시간에 따른 체외성숙율은 72시간 배양한 성숙율이 48시간 배양 후보다 높은 결과를 나타내 었다(p＜0.05).

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7~8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr. Hashiyada(2001), 296 pairs of split-half embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs. Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1988, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a glaf of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us as effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle. 6. Farm animal cloning is one of the most dreamful technologies of 21th century. It is necessary to develop this technology more efficient and stable as realistic technology of the farm animal production. We are making researches related to the best condition of donor cells for high productivity of cloning, genetic analysis of cloned animals, growth and performance abilities of clone cattle and pathological and genetical analysis of high rates of abortion and stillbirth of clone calves (about 30% of periparutum mortality). 7. It is requested in the report of Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare to make clear that carbon-copy cattle(somatic cell clone cattle) are safe and heathy for a commercial market since the somatic cell cloning is a completely new technology. Fattened beef steers (well-proved normal growth) and milking cows(shown a good fertility) are now provided for the assessment of food safety.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled(Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in $STATA^{(R)}$. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by $x^2$ test in $STATA^{(R)}$. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine transformation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1992

우리나라 각 지역에서 수집한 유색대두 계통에 관한 당함량변이와 그의 주요 특성과의 관계를 살펴 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유색 대두 수집계통의 당함량의 변이는 최저 8.3%에서 최고 12.1%의 범위로서 평균 10.1%를 나타내었다. 2. 국내 지방수집 유색대두 1087계통에서 성숙군 분포는 O군 (--115일) 0.5%, 1군(116--123일) 1%, II군(124--131일) 5.7%, III군(132--139일) 16%, Ⅵ군(140-147일) 19%, V군(148--155일) 22%, Ⅵ군(156--163일) 14% 그리고 군(164--일) 19%로 나타났고, 대부분 III, IV, V, Ⅵ, Ⅶ군에 속하는 중ㆍ만생계통인 것으로 나타났으며 만생종일수록 당함량이 많은 경향이었다. 그리고 각각의 지역에 있어서 성숙일수가 긴 성숙군 계통들의 당함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 종피색에 따른 당함량의 차이는 볼 수 없었고, 피분유무에 따른 당함량의 차이는 피분이 있는 계통이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 유색대두 종실의 자엽색에 따른 당함량의 변이는 노란 자엽계통보다 녹색 자엽 계통이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 전체 수결 계통에서 당함량은 단백질함량과는 부의 상관(-029$^{**}$ )을, 지방함량과는 정의 상관(0.21$^{**}$ )을, 고리고 성숙기간과는 정의 상관(0.36$^{**}$ )을 나타내었고, 각 성숙군내에서도 조숙계통을 제외한 각 성숙군 내 계통들에서 당함량은 단백질 함량 및 지방함량과 유의 상관을 나타내었다. 또한 당함량과 알카리 붕괴도 간에도 유의적 정의 상관을 나타내었다.