• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4357-4361
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• 2016

Background: Whether there is any relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and breast carcinoma is not clear. Some previous studies have indicated a possible role in oncogenesis in the breast. In this study, we therefore analyzed the presence of HPV infection in breast tissues of Iranian women from Yazd city. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 87 patients with breast cancer and 84 cases with breast fibrocystic lesions (control group) were selected from a tissue archive. Grade of tumors and fibrocystic tissues were determined by two pathologists. The nested-PCR method was performed for detection of HPVs in samples. HPV genotypes were determined by sequencing and the phylogenetic tree depicted by MEGA software. Results: Of the 87 women with breast cancer, 22.9% (20 isolates) had positive results for HPV DNA. In the control group no HPV was detected. The HPV genotypes in positive samples were HPV-16 (35%) HPV-18 (15%), HPV-6 (45%) and HPV-11 (5%). The data did not approved a significant correlation between tissue pathology of breast cancer and the HPV genotype frequency. Conclusions: The data did not provide any evidence for a role of high risk HPV types in oncogenesis in the breast.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

Sentimental analysis begins with the search for words that determine the sentimentality inherent in data. Managers can understand market sentimentality by analyzing a number of relevant sentiment words which consumers usually tend to use. In this study, we propose exploring performance of feature selection methods embedded with Particle Swarm Optimization Multi Objectives Evolutionary Algorithms. The performance of the feature selection methods was benchmarked with machine learning classifiers such as Decision Tree, Naive Bayesian Network, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Bagging, Random Subspace, and Rotation Forest. Our empirical results of opinion mining revealed that the number of features was significantly reduced and the performance was not hurt. In specific, the Support Vector Machine showed the highest accuracy. Random subspace produced the best AUC results.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

The most recent developments in two areas: (a) synthesis of inorganic particles with control over size and shape by polymer additives, and (b) synthesis of inorganic-polymer hybrid materials by bulk polymerization of blends of monomers with nanosized crystals are reviewed. The precipitations of inorganics, such as zinc oxide or calcium carbonate, in presence and under the control of bishydrophilic block or comb copolymers, are relevant to the field of Biomineralization. The application of surface modified latex particles, used as controlling agents, and the formation of hybrid crystals in which the latex is embedded in otherwise perfect crystals, are discussed. The formation of nano sized spheres of amorphous calcium carbonate, stabilized by surfactant-like polymers, is also discussed. Another method for the preparation of nanosized inorganic functional particles is the controlled pyrolysis of metal salt complexes of poly(acrylic acid), as demonstrated by the syntheses of lithium cobalt oxide and zinc/magnesium oxide. Bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate blends, with for example, nanosized zinc oxide, revealed that the mechanisms of tree radical polymerization respond to the presence of these particles. The termination by radical-radical interaction and the gel effect are suppressed in favor of degenerative transfer, resulting in a polymer with enhanced thermal stability. The optical properties of the resulting polymer-particle blends are addressed based on the basic discussion of the miscibility of polymers and nanosized particles.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2013

A pine needle-embedded graphite enzyme electrode, of which bonding agent is CSM rubber, was newly designed and its electrochemistry was studied based on the amperometry. It involved a ground green leaves of pine tree as a zymogen together with electrochemical mediator, ferrocene within the paste. The plots of ln($i(1-e^{nf{\eta}})$) vs. ${\eta}$ and Lineweaver-Burk at the low potential (-100 to -500 mV) showed good linearities indicating that the amperometric response is by the catalytic power of pine peroxidase. Electrochemical parameters obtained, symmetry factor (${\alpha}$, 0.17), limiting current ($i_1$, 1.99 $A/cm^2$), exchange current density ($i_0$, $5.86{\times}10^{-5}\;A/cm^2$), Michaelis constant ($K_M$, $1.68{\times}10^{-3}$ M) and many others showed that pine peroxidase discharges the role of catalyst quantitatively on the electrode surface. Those proved that the practical use of pine peroxidase is promising in place of the marketed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1851-1856
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• 2013

An XML is widely used for web services, such as SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (Representational State Transfer), and also de facto standard for representing data. Since the XML parser using DOM(Document Object Model) requires a preprocessing task creating a DOM-tree, and then storing it into memory, embedded systems with limited resources typically employ a streaming XML parser without preprocessing. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for the streaming XML parser using an APSearch(Adaptive Parallel Search) on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array). Compared to other approaches, the proposed APSearch parser dramatically reduces overhead on the software side and achieves about 2.55 and 2.96 times improvement in the time needed for an XML parsing. Therefore, our APSearch parser is suitable for systems to speed up XML parsing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1330-1339
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• 2022

3D object detection generally aims to detect relatively large data such as automobiles, buses, persons, furniture, etc, so it is vulnerable to small object detection. In addition, in an environment with limited resources such as embedded devices, it is difficult to apply the model because of the huge amount of computation. In this paper, the accuracy of small object detection was improved by focusing on local features using only one layer, and the inference speed was improved through the proposed knowledge distillation method from large pre-trained network to small network and adaptive quantization method according to the parameter size. The proposed model was evaluated using SUN RGB-D Val and self-made apple tree data set. Finally, it achieved the accuracy performance of 62.04% at mAP@0.25 and 47.1% at mAP@0.5, and the inference speed was 120.5 scenes per sec, showing a fast real-time processing speed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.637-647
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• 2022

Since the concept of Manned-UnManned Teaming(MUM-T) and Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS) can efficiently respond to rapidly changing battle space, many studies are being conducted as key components of the mosaic warfare environment. In this paper, we propose a rule-based AI engagement model based on Basic Fighter Maneuver(BFM) capable of Within-Visual-Range(WVR) air-to-air combat and a simulation environment in which human pilots can participate. In order to develop a rule-based AI engagement model that can pilot a fighter with a 6-DOF dynamics model, tactical manuals and human pilot experience were configured as knowledge specifications and modeled as a behavior tree structure. Based on this, we improved the shortcomings of existing air combat models. The proposed model not only showed a 100 % winning rate in engagement with human pilots, but also visualized decision-making processes such as tactical situations and maneuvering behaviors in real time. We expect that the results of this research will serve as a basis for development of various AI-based engagement models and simulators for human pilot training and embedded software test platform for fighter.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed a real-time watermarking algorithm to be combined and to work with a DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform)-based image compressor. To reduce the amount of computation in selecting the watermarking positions, the proposed algorithm uses a pre-established look-up table for critical values, which was established statistically by computing the correlation according to the energy values of the corresponding wavelet coefficients. That is, watermark is embedded into the coefficients whose values are greater than the critical value in the look-up table which is searched on the basis of the energy values of the corresponding level-1 subband coefficients. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can operate in a real-time because the watermarking process operates in parallel with the compression procession without affecting the operation of the image compression. Also it improved the property of losing the watermark and the efficiency of image compression by watermark inserting, which results from the quantization and Huffman-Coding during the image compression. Visual recognizable patterns such as binary image were used as a watermark The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm satisfied the properties of robustness and imperceptibility that are the major conditions of watermarking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.82-94
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• 2020

Images play an important role in the symbolic system as they are connected with imagination through the association of language. Through history, we know that Korean people have been a people of strong spiritual unity and unity for thousands of years. I tried to study how the Korean people's unified mental symbol system was utilized and accomplished through mythological images. Our people are recognized as a people of white clothes because they are connected with white clothes, and modifiers such as the country of the east where the sun does not go down are connected with the sun. The Korean people have been handed down according to the times, such as the son of the sky, the Hongik man, the birch tree and the Gyerim of Silla, as a symbol of the myth of Gojoseon, and do not know when it became a country that loved the sun and whether brightness became a symbol. In relation to the spiritual symbolic system of our nation, the mythical image of Jeju musindo embedded in the shamanist ideology was reinterpreted through the meaning of Roland Bart to provide a basis for the study of the spiritual symbolic system of our nation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.399-415
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• 2021

This study was conducted to suggest the optimal periods for planting and felling Larix kaempferi tree by monitoring its cambial activity period. In addition, the heat summation to induce the cambial activity of Larix kaempferi was investigated. The study sites were at Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong. After selecting 5 trees at Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong, the cambium samples were collected using a mini trephor with 2 mm diameter from April 7 to October 6, 2017 at Mt. Worak, and from April 7 to September 29, 2017 at Mt. Midong. After the collected cambium samples were embedded in PEG2000, transverse thin sections with a thickness of 10 to 15 ㎛ were prepared using a microtome. One Larix kaempferi sample from each site, Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong, in which the accurate monitoring of cambial activity was impossible due to the formation of traumatic resin canal, was excluded from the study. The observation of the initiation date of cambial activity under a light microscopy revealed that 2 specimens from Mt. Worak and 3 from Mt. Midong showed the initiation on April 28. The remaining 2 specimens of Mt. Worak and 1 specimen of Mt. Midong were initiated on May 4, which was a week later than the others. The heat summation that induced the initiation of cambial activity was 196.4-271.8 at Mt. Worak and 204.7-277.3 at Mt. Midong, which was similar. The termination of cambial activity occurred between August 4 and 25 at Mt. Worak, and between August 4 and September 1 at Mt. Midong. Based on the above results, it was found that the optimal planting period for Larix kaempferi in Mt. Worak and Mt. Midong was before April, about a month before the cambium activity, and the felling period was from October when the cambial activity was completely terminated.