• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.253-278
• /
• 2024

The emergence of digital platforms and advancements in technology are driving changes in the advertising market. In particular, as the Digital Out of Home (DOOH) field establishes itself as a new media, the market for advertising through TV screens installed inside elevators is growing. However, there is a lack of relevant research and empirical studies on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to empirically verify consumer perceptions and advertising effectiveness of elevator TV advertising and identify the key factors influencing its effectiveness. To achieve this, the characteristics and effects of elevator TV advertising were analyzed from various angles through exploratory research, scenario-based surveys, and EEG analysis. The results show that elevator TV advertising enhances consumer awareness and enables effective delivery of advertising messages. Furthermore, this study derives the main factors influencing advertising effectiveness and provides a foundation for advertisers to establish more effective advertising strategies. This research contributes to expanding the literature in related fields by increasing the understanding of elevator TV advertising and empirically verifying its effectiveness. It is also expected to help creators and advertisers of elevator TV advertising develop more effective advertising strategies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.877-886
• /
• 2019

The size of the subway entrance should be calculated according to the user's demand, but Korea has the same size for each entrance by applying a uniform value. Recently, the installation of mobile convenience facilities such as escalators, elevators, etc. is mandated by the traffic weakness promotion law, but it is inconvenient to use the existing stations because it is mainly arranged in the place where it can be installed regardless of user demand. This study aims to establish a model for estimating the size of mobile convenience facilities by predicting the use demand of each station entrance so that the location and size of mobile facilities can be reflected in the design or construction of the station. To this end, a multiple regression model was established to forecast daily demand by utilizing the demand for getting on and off by station and the building association area for each purpose around the railway station. The actual data of Dongdaemun and Jonggak Stations were used to verify the estimated model. In addition, the escalator installation scale was compared / analyzed by doorway using domestic and overseas escalator equations. As a result, it was more accurate to estimate the usage demand for a single station. Also, Jonggak Station has an up and down escalator installed at exit 1, but it was analyzed that it is appropriate to install at exit 4. This study is an advanced form of the essay model for estimating the users of the entrance and exit users of urban railway stations published in 2018. In addition, it seems to be the basis of the current escalator installation criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.813-816
• /
• 2008

The increasing number of vehicles owned by individuals in association with the rising income resulted in an acute shortage of parking spaces. We are not only seeing a serious traffic congestion arising from the vehicles parked in the streets adjacent to apartment buildings, but also the social issues of not being able to properly prepare for the emergency such as breakout of fires. Although remodeling of old apartment buildings are being discussed in measures to these problems, the research of parking space expansion is still insufficient. In a survey on remodeling of old apartment buildings, over 30 percent of those who answered cited the parking space as the most needed improvement and said they preferred direct entry as a way to expand parking space among lateral underground expansion methods. The direct entry is a method in which one directly enters the apartment house from the parking lot through the elevator and it requires extended operation of elevators. However, because there are no established systematic processes for elevator extension and works of such kinds are not common, elevator extension works are being done in an inefficient manner. In this research we reanalyzed the processes in order to present the items to be examined for more efficient elevator extension works, and through interviews of experts in the field, we produced the examination items by process from the perspectives of management and technology. This research will be used as a reference material for elevator extension works associated with expanding underground parking lot of apartment buildings.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.33
• /
• pp.197-221
• /
• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion during various jaw functions. 46 subjects of 18.4-25.7 years were employed in this study: 26 subjects were normal occlusions, and 20 subjects were Class III malocclusions. The EMG data from the anterior and posterior temporal, anterior and posterior masseter muscles in both sides as mandibular elevators and supra-hyoid muscle group (close to the anterior belly of digastric muscle in right side) as mandibular depressor were recorded with the Medelec MS 25 electromyographic machine. The EMG recordings were analyzed during mandibular rest position, maximal biting, mastication with chewing gum, and swallowing of peanuts. All data were recorded and statistically processed. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the anterior temporal muscle was stronger significantly in Class III malocclusion than in normal occlusion, and then the posterior temporal was weaker during mandibular rest position. 2. The maximal mean amplitudes in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles and the anterior masseter muscle of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than that of normal occlusion during maximal biting. 3. During mastication of the chewing gum, the maximal mean amplitudes of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than normal occlusion in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles of the working side, and the duration of Class III malocclusion was longer in the anterior temporal muscles of both aides, and the posterior temporal and the anterior masseter muscle of the balancing side. There were significant increasings of the latency in balancing anterior temporal, working posterior temporal muscles and supra-hyoid muscle group of Class III malocclusion. The silent period durations was 16.36 ms in Class III malocclusion while 10.76 ms in normal occlusion, which was statistically different (P < 0.05). 4. At swallowing of peanuts, the maximal mean amplitude of Class malocclusion was weaker significantly in the posterior temporal muscle than that of normal occlusion. There was no significant difference of duration between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion. 5 The muscle activities of Class III malocclusion had a tendency of decrease less than normal occlusion. And then the muscle activities of the anterior temporal and anterior masseter muscles in Class III malocclusion showed the tendency of the increase more than other muscles of Class III malocclusion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 2015

The layout of facilities, in relation to information and navigational displays, has great influence on subway satisfaction, and tend to vary depending on the types of subway platform and transit station. However, until now, few studies have covered such aspects as of yet. Starting from this viewpoint, the purpose of this study was to use an IPA analysis technique to analyze that satisfaction on the importance of facilities to aid in accessibility, such as elevators and escalators, transit amenities and information and navigational displays depending on the types of platform and transit station. To do so, we've classified 15 metropolitan stations according to types of platform and transit station and analyzed differences in user importance and satisfaction as well as improvements for platforms and transit stations of similar type. By the analysis results of this study, we've concluded that the proper selection and positioning of elevator and escalator facilities and information and navigational displays was important when designing the subway station according to platform type (separate platform) and or according to the transit station type (cross, L, T types) where pedestrian flow heavily intersected. We considered that such analysis results would be helpful in the design of new stations and the enhancement of existing stations pursuant to a new direction that minimizes user inconvenience, and that improvement items should be developed first according to the platform and transit station types, which would be helpful in enhancing the efficiency of the subway improvement cost.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2018

When the fire in the high-rise building was not extinguished in its early stage and propagated over its origin, safe egress becomes one of the most important factor to minimize the casualties. Recently fire protection for high-rise building has been reinforced after experiencing the series of disastrous fires. But, we still find many high-rise buildings do not comply with those reinforcement. And also there is a possibility of failure of reinforced fire protection system. Under these situation safe egress guide would be the final layer of protection. In this study existing egress methods were identified and evaluated. According the result of study, priority in egress should be given to the tenants on the floor of fire origin and floors exposed to the risk of fire. Then, the rest of the tenants can be evacuated simultaneously. Floors exposed in fire risk shall be determined by fire tests and/or fire simulations. But, the result of fire monitoring shall override preliminary estimations. Egress time for each algorithm was estimated by egress simulation and the result was compared. There was a little difference in egress time between total egress and phased egress, and a big difference between using stairs only and using elevators and stairs together. to a constant thickness between layers constituting a firefighter's protective clothing should be considered in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2020

The number of medical welfare facilities caring for the elderly with paralysis and dementia has been increasing rapidly because of the change in the way of supporting the elderly, stemming from an increase in the number of the elderly and working couples. These medical welfare facilities are usually installed all over the city and are gradually becoming high-rise. Few inmates are capable of making their own decisions in case of fire at night and when there are no escape routes such as ramps for evacuation, leading to massive casualties. This study aimed to identify problems in evacuation in the medical welfare facilities for the elderly in Goyang city. This city has the largest number of medical welfare facilities for the elderly per unit area. The following strategies could aid in better evacuation: secure ramps or bed escape elevators; the bedrooms of the inmates should have one-hour fire resistance; the stairs should have the structure of an enclosed stairway; the necessary apparatus for evacuation, such as an escape chute, should be installed; and, to conclude, a business agreement with neighboring agencies to help inmates escape during the fire. The state should implement necessary measures to protect the lives and property of the people. Rapid implementation of this proposal is necessary for the evacuation safety of an increasing number of medical welfare facilities for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2021

This study analyzes the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), in the event of a fire at a welfare center for the disabled, using the emergency passage according to the floor arrangement of users to evaluate the safety and the difference in RSET for each emergency passage using the Pathfinder simulation program to suggest an efficient evacuation method. As a result of RSET, it was found that there is no problem in evacuation safety for the current state of the facility's personnel allocation by satisfying the standard RSET in case of fire, and evacuation can be completed safely by evacuating through stairs rather than using elevators if possible. It is necessary for employees to be provided sufficient education and training in advance so that they can evacuate effectively with the disabled in case of fire. This study gives significance in saving many precious lives and safely evacuate in case of fire as evacuation routes were secured through the design, construction and operation of facilities for the disabled and the RSET was shortened through regular evacuation practices. It is necessary to discuss the further RSET studies based on the automatic fire shutters open or not when a fire occurs at a specific location following the installation of automatic fire shutter at the entrance of each floor of the facilities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 2021

The number of elderly people worldwide is rapidly increasing and the mobility handicapped suffering from inconvenient public transportation service is also increasing. In Korea and abroad, various policies are being implemented to provide high-quality transportation services for the mobility handicapped, and budget support and investment related to mobility facilities are being expanded. The mobility handicapped spends more time for transit transfer than normal users and their satisfaction with transit service is also lower. There exist transfer inconvenience points of the mobility handicapped due to various factors such as long transfer distances, absence of transportation facilities like elevators, escalators, etc. The purpose of this study is to find transfer inconvenience points for convenient transit transfer of the mobility handicapped using Smart card Big data. This study process traffic card transaction data and construct transfer travel data by user groups using smart card big data and analysis of the transfer characteristics for each user group ; normal, children, elderly, etc. Finally, find transfer inconveniences points by comparing transfer patterns between normal users and the mobility handicapped. This study is significant in that it can find transfer inconvenience points for convenient transit transfer of the mobility handicapped using Smart card Big data. In addition, it can be applicated of Smart card Big data for developing public transportation polices in the future. It is expected that the result of this study be used to improve the accessibility of transit transportation for mobility handicapped.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.124-132
• /
• 2023

When the building becomes high, the number of households increases and they are adjacent to the elevator. So, frequency of use of elevators will increase. Elevator noise is bound to increase in the future. However, there are currently no legal standards for elevator noise or measurement and evaluation methods that can clearly measure elevator noise in Korea. Although some methods for measuring elevator noise are presented in KS F ISO 16032, this standard is not a standard established for elevator noise. It is a standard that integrates the overall measurement method of building equipment and equipment, and the position of the microphone is selected by the experimenter during measurement. Elevator noise is characterized by a low sound pressure level as the noise in the mid-low frequency band is important. However, even today, complaints from residents about elevator noise are increasing. In this study, the position of the microphone that can most sensitively pick up the elevator noise when measuring the elevator noise was studied. According to the distance from the wall and the height from the floor, a total of 9 microphone positions were measured and analyzed. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the elevator noise has a very high influence in the 63 Hz band. The measured value at the center point was identified as a factor that lowered the overall elevator noise level value.