• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.197-205
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• 2005

In estimating designed architectural buildings, many factors in various design domains such as function, structure, form, environment may be considered and then a building design might be selected or modified as final design from many possible design results. This paper proposed a method to obtain complexity values from two dimensional drawings which are floor plans or elevations. The Complexity values could be turned into esthetic values. The method has been developed based on information theory, shape pattern representation and cognitive theory. Results of measuring complexity value can make the computer evaluate and select final results produced from automatic design processes by the computer That is to say, aesthetic values based on order and chaos can be measured using complexity values and then some results having superior values can be selected as final result. Also some cognitive processes as perception of two dimensional drawings are discussed using shape representations. Aesthetic values could be varied in terms of shape properties such as size, individualities and knowledge as well as order and chaos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.112-116
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to extract the design vocabulary of flexibility from analyzing Steven Holl' architectural works. For this purpose, the four works were selected and the design elements like their concepts, elevations, plans, furnitures, lights, materials, and colors were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows ; First, flexible design method is shown in adaptable space planning by using system of hinged panel and multi-functional furniture of various form. Second, Windows were made a plan of the geometric partition of surface and with clear materials for expanding space to outside. Third, the changing of level and the using of the phenomenological elements like a light color, water, and materials were applied for enhancing the image of the flexible space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 1995

The FIT(fully implicit tidal) model which adopts PCGCS (preconditioned conjugate gradient squared) method is developed and is applied to near Mokpo Harbor. Comparing computational results with observed velocities and elevations for the M$_2$ tidal constituent, agreeable correspondence is detected. The validity of the model is also proven by applying it to such areas which have narrow width (therefore showing rapid velocity), irregular topography and complex geometry. Tidal amplification phenomenon according to the constructions of seadike and sea-walls is considered by analyzing the 'filter effect' of Mokpo-ku using the model.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.638-641
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• 2004

Returned laser pulse has certain relationship with vegetation canopy structure (canopy closure, height, LAI, biomass). This study attempts to analyze the characteristics of airborne laser scanner data over very dense forest canopy. Discrete pulse laser scanner data were obtained on April 25, 2004 along with digital aerial color imagery. Using forest stand maps, 14 sample stands of 7 species groups were selected and the elevations from the first and last laser return were compared. From the preliminary analysis, we found that the difference between the first and last return was higher with deciduous forest stand than in coniferous stand. Although difference between the first and the last laser returns often corresponds to tree height, it would not be the case for the forest site having very dense canopy structure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

Veratrum patulum has toxicological relevance because of the potential for misidentification of this plant as mountain garlic. Veratrum patulum has an ester-alkaloid that provokes cardiac arrhythmias by excessive vagal stimulation and depression of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the heart and hypotension, cardiomegaly. We report on a retrospective case of successful outcome in patients with veratrum patulum poisoning through active treatment from the early phase after ingestion. We report on a case involving a patient who experienced dizziness, dyspnea, hypotension, and elevation of cardiac enzyme, cardiomegaly. These cases were kept under observation and generally recovered with supportive care. We report on cases of veratrum patulum poisoning with review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.353-360
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of backrest elevation of 0 degree and 30 degrees that minimize the risk of increasing ICP when CVP is measured. Methods: Subjects were sixty-four patients who stayed in the neurosurgical intensive care unit after brain surgery at two university-based hospitals. CVP, blood pressure, heart rate and ICP were measured along with position changes in order of backrest position with primary 30 degrees backrest position, 0 degree backrest position and secondary 30 degrees backrest position. For data analysis, one-group, repeated-measures analysis of variance design was used in SAS program. Results: Backrest elevations from 0 degree to 30 degrees did not alter the CVP without increasing the ICP. Therefore, 30 degrees backrest position is a preventive position without increasing ICP. Conclusion: 30 degrees backrest position might be appropriate for brain injury patients when CVP is measured.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.465-468
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• 2009

There is to solution the environmental data which the importance is seriously taken into consideration in the the 21st century that is set up whether or not be a welfare society advanced country according to quality of life elevations through environments in question to a preferential assignment for an environmental control will decrease of measures, and be proceeded so as to be urgent. However, shall get measurement of a correct environmental pollution duty and reduction measures stopped on bases of the data which there is reliability, and decrease excessive pollution than what, and may overcome efficiency of waste of cost environmental pollution management. Environmental pollution data collected are regarded as important, and, specially, a collection of environmental data forecast a pollution circle, or to analyze future development is important very at an environmental policy decision or decision making step to be national besides pollution reductions.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

Along with the development of creative design ideas, how to effectively present design concepts is also an important consideration on housing plan process. This could consequently make it possible to automate presentations. In spite of such needs of presentations any significant efforts for the systematic design presentation have not been made yet. The research goals established in order to solve these problems are to develop structures of presentation and analyze the cases of it. This paper explains structures of housing plan presentations in two ways: the compositional elements of panel presentations and the relationships among the elements. The elements include a project title, a synopsis, design concepts, building layouts, floor plan1 and 2, longitudinal and latitudinal elevations, sections, projection and perspective views, and model photographs. Among various relationships among panel compositional elements this study uses relationships based on the Gestalt theory, the balance theory by Rudolf Arnheim and the optical array theory by Gibson. The relationships investigated on the basis of the visual perception theories include the relationships between compositional elements and background space, visual weight balance, horizontal and vertical balances, grouping, and visual layout patterns.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This Study is about the Axis used for creating forms of interior spaces in representative works of Peter Eisenman architecture. The plans, elevations, photos of interior spaces of his architecture were collected and analysed. In conclusion, the methods using axises were classified in the axises crossing right angle and the rotating axises crossing right angle. The rotating axis were divided into one-angle rotating and multi-angle rotating. The axises were rotated on the plan or rotated on the elevation. The axises crossing right angle were used for dividing, assembling, transforming and composing different proportions of rectangles in interior spaces. The rotating axises crossing right angle were used for creating divers forms such as triangle, quadrilateral, and polygon. The one-angle rotating emphasizes directions of axises in interior spaces. The multi-angle rotating emphasizes decentered directions in interior spaces. The parts created while crossing axises three-dimensionally were opened or filled. The axises were used dynamically and three-dimensionally for diversity of forms in interior spaces of Peter Eisenman architecture.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

In design PV (photovoltaic) system, there are many important factors to consider for best site selection. It is essential to understand to know the amount of sunlight available and how to minimize the shadings. This study presents basic concepts for understanding sun's position and insolation. also it gives easy tools for topography analysis. Finally, this study shows some theoretical calculations of power generation losses by topographic obstacle's elevations and disadvantages in economic feasibility, that is about 7million won loss per year for case of 10 degree topography elevation with assuming average Korea's topography elevation as 5 degree.