• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.405-416
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• 2007

This study was to examine the needs among elementary school dietitians (n = 115) for developing a nutrition information internet site for children. A survey questionnaire included general characteristics, internet use regarding health and nutrition information, and needs for developing a nutrition information site. The mean age of the subjects was 36.2 years. The higher working experience group (> 10 years of working as dieticians) had higher mean age (p < 0.001), had a larger number of enrolled students at school (p < 0.01) and the number of those receiving school lunch (p < 0.01) than the counterparts (${\le}10$ years group). Sources of health and nutrition information were mainly PC/internet (60.4%) and seminar (14.4%). About 95% used health or nutrition information using the internet, however, the majority of users (71.6%) used internet information only when they needed it. Major reasons for using internet information was 'to get nutrition education materials' (63.8%) and 'to obtain general nutrition information' (21%). One third of the subjects were satisfied with nutrition information internet sites; major problems with internet sites were 'lack of content' (38.9%) and 'lack of practical information' (33%). These characteristics regarding internet use were not different between work experience groups. Major problems with nutrition education were 'lack of nutrition educational materials' (41.1 %) and 'lack of nutrition education skills' (32.1%). These were significantly different between the work experience groups (p < 0.01). Subjects preferred CD/internet to leaflet/booklet as nutrition educational materials. In developing nutrition sites for children, subjects wanted topics such as obesity assessment, dietary assessment, and obesity. Subjects responded that contents of nutrition information should be 'suitable to the children's knowledge levels' (31.1%), 'interesting enough by including quizzes, games and songs' (27.8%), 'inserting many illustrations/icons' (16.3%). In terms of designing internet sites for children, they wanted that internet sites should 'be easy enough to find the sites' (29.2%), 'use illustrations and characters' (24.8%), 'use communication channels such as Q&A' (18.7%). Needs for developing internet sites for children were not different by the work experience group. This study suggests that web sites for children should be carefully developed considering the contents and design, have less information with more illustrations, designed to induce the interest of children, as well as including sections such as eating habit assessment and games.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.402-411
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of a school's nutrition environment in explaining students' eating behaviors and weight status has not been examined in an Asian setting. The purpose of this study was to create a school nutrition environment index and to pilot test the index in elementary and middle schools in urban South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach. Environment assessment tools were developed based on formative research, which comprised literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Key elements from the formative research were included in the assessment tool, which consisted of a structured survey questionnaire for school dietitians. Fifteen school dietitians from 7 elementary and 8 middle schools in Seoul completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The formative research revealed four main sections that guided a summary index to assess a school's nutrition environment: resource availability, education and programs, dietitians' perceptions and characteristics, and school lunch menu. Based on the literature reviews and interviews, an index scoring system was developed. The total possible score from the combined four index sections was 40 points. From the 15 schools participating in the pilot survey, the mean school nutrition-environment index was 22.5 (standard deviation ${\pm}3.2$; range 17-28). The majority of the schools did not offer classroom-based nutrition education or nutrition counseling for students and parents. The popular modes of nutrition education were school websites, posters, and newsletters. CONCLUSIONS: This paper illustrates the process used to develop an instrument to assess a school's nutrition environment. Moreover, it presents the steps used to develop a scoring system for creation of a school nutrition environment index. As pilot testing indicated the total index score has some variation across schools, we suggest applying this instrument in future studies involving a larger number of schools. Future studies with larger samples will allow investigation of the validity and reliability of this newly developed tool.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide current information on dietary behaviors and dish preferences of elementary school children and to suggest guidelines for proper dietary behaviors. To accomplish study objectives survey was executed using the questionnaire for 420 fifth and sixth grade school children, chosen from schools in Kangwha-gun and East River District of Seoul. A questionnaire largely consists of categories including general characteristics, dietary behavior and preferences of the subjects for some dishes. Results showed 30％ of the subjects had breakfast irregularly. A majority of the subjects took Korean style dishes of cooked rice and soup for breakfast. fifty-eight percent of subjects had a regular meal time. Imbalanced diet(avoiding specific flood group thereby causing unbalance in nutrient intake) habit group was estimated to be 47.3%. Twenty one percent had a habit of overeating. In choosing the snack, taste was considered to be a more important factor than nutrition. Advertisement of the snack was shown to be one of the Important factors in selecting the snack. The girls were more concerned about weight control than the boys. Also the girls were likely to rely on the diet to control weight since they exercised only in the physical c1ass while the boys exercised regularly. Generally, children liked animal protein containing foods and the preference for vegetables was low. In order to improve overall dietary behavior, systematic nutrition education programs reflecting sex difference should be developed. Dish preference data would be very useful in selecting substitutive dish for the s[hoof lunch menu to improve imbalanced diet. (J Community Nutrition3(2) : 69∼76, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2002

Food waste in school foodservices is an important factor in managing expense or evaluating the acceptance of served meals and a serious environmental hazard factor in all countries. In this study, the perception and attitude towards food waste reduction and the recognition of environmental pollution of students from elementary school foodservices in Busan, Korea were investigated. The questionnaire was responded by 519 students (boy: 255, girl: 264) in the third and sixth grades. School lunch programs were proved to contribute to the improvement of students' food intake habits. The perception and attitude towards food waste reduction of the third grade students (3.61/3.73) were significantly higher than those of the sixth grade students (3.46/3.59) (P<0.01). Food waste education made a significant impact on the perception and attitude on food waste (p<0.01). When dislike food was supplied the students having the higher perception and attitude towards food waste reduction ate it more than those having the lower perception and attitude. The major reason for plate waste was shown to be influenced by the taste and amount of foods supplied in school lunch programs. Most of students recognized that food waste pollution (4.22) was one of the severest problems among the environmental pollutions, followed by air (4.13), tap water (4.09) soil (3.78), noise (3.55) pollution. The students separated the garbage in the house (72.6%) better than in school and the outside (55.2%). The perception of food waste was positively correlated with the attitude toward reduction of food waste and the recognition of environmental pollution (p<0.01). The attitude toward reduction of food waste was also positively correlated with meal quantity taken (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1545-1554
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• 2010

Korean government will set up the nationwide food safety system with strict control of hazardous nutrients like sugar, fatty acids and sodium as well as advanced nutrition education system. In addition, almost one hundred percent of school food service rate forced the government to consider more effective ways to upgrade the nutritional status of school meals. The object of our study was to provide the data on content and consumption of sugar in school meal for the nationwide project. For this purpose, we surveyed the sugar content of 842 school meal menus and their intake level for 154 days in 8 schools in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Sugar contents, the sum of the quantity of 5 sugars commonly detected in food, were analysed with HPLC-RID (Refractive Index Detector). Sugar intakes were calculated by multiplying the intake of each menu to the sugar content of that menu. The sugar content was highest in the desserts, which include fruit juices, dairy products and fruits. Sugar content of side dish was high in sauces and braised foods. Sugar intake from one dish is high in beverage and dairy product, and one dish meals contribute greatly to sugar intake because of their large amount of meal intake. The average lunch meal intakes of second grade and fifth grade elementary school students were 244 g/meal and 304 g/meal, respectively. The meal intake of middle school student was 401 g/meal. The average sugar intake from one day school lunch was 4.22 g (4.03 g on elementary and 5.31 g on middle school student), which is less than 10% of daily sugar reference value for Koreans. The result of this study provides exact data of sugar intake pattern based on the content of sugar which is matched directly to the meals consumed by the students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.630-639
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop children-friendly comic books and animation for dietary education of 3rd or 4th grade elementary students. Through a literature review on current dietary problems and dietary education for children, 15 educational themes were chosen on both healthy eating and safe dietary life. Comic books and animation were developed based on the themes by the brainstorming and help of professional animators, and they were applied and evaluated in the field. The developed comic books and animation, with its own characters, proved to be of high quality and effective educational materials for children's healthy and safe eating. Compared with the reference group, the tested group has shown a significant improvement in dietary knowledge and attitude (p < 0.05). And both parents (level of understanding 4.29, level of interest 4.49, level of usefulness 4.46, level of design satisfaction 3.95 in 5-point Likert scale) and children (level of understanding 4.63, level of interest 4.57, level of usefulness of 1st comic book 4.44, 2nd comic book 4.49, level of design satisfaction 4.06, level of usefulness for knowledge pages 4.22 in 5-point Likert scale) have shown high levels of interests and satisfaction. Therefore, these materials could be utilized as effective educational materials for elementary students in school lunch time, extra-curricular activities, or after school programs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 1997

This research reached conclusions to prepare indications for activity of Oral health Instruction of the first grade in an elementary school by several items of Oral examination and investigation. 1. The frequency of brushing their teeth of the children that were examined was generally two times a day(64.42%) : it showed that it was the highest after breakfast (30.08%), and hardly any brushed their teeth after lunch(6.36%). 2. Most of the toothbrushes used were for children(97.46%), and the proper time to change their toothbrushes was less than two months(65.25%), but 31.37% of them used their toothbrushes for more than three mouths. 3. They usually used toothpaste. Those using toothpaste were 64.41%. By the way, for adults was the percentage 31.36%, and for those including fluorine it was 74.58%. 4. They mainly ate cookies, beverages, (coke, cider, etc.), fruit, bread, milk and so on for their dessert. 5. Most students had dental plaque (95.76%) : 14.4% of then had calculus and 23.73% had gingivitis. 6. The results of disclosing showed that twelve anterior teeth were colored. The Mandible was comparatively more severe than the Maxillary in the colored -degree. the low -right - laterial incisor was the most severe and the right central incisor was the most severe of the Maxillary. 7. The pressure of tooth - brushing showed that half of the students brushed their teeth severely. The width of the brushing movemtnts was more than 8mm for 51.70%, 5-8mm for 33.05% and less than 5mm for 15.25% Therefore 66.5% of them were shown to move their brushes insufficiently or oppositely. 8. When they brushed, the children who opened their mouth while brushing were more than those who kept their mouth closed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify incidence of nonfatal unintentional injuries (accidents) among students, and to investigate compensation payment for five years (2000~2004) in schools located in Seoul. Methods: Subjects were 14,783 students injured among elementary, middle and high school students. The accumulated data for 5 years (2000~2004) was from the Seoul School Safety and Insurance Association. Chi-square, ttest, logistic regression, and MANCOVA were conducted. Results: The most frequent accidents occurred among males (73.2%), and in special school students (3.86 per 1,000) followed by middle school students (3.05 per 1,000), in May (0.25 per 1,000) followed by June and October, in physical education classes (0.73 per 1,000) followed by special activities (0.40 per 1,000), recess (0.31 per 1,000) and lunch (0.29 per 1,000). Fractures (0.86 per 1,000) were followed by mild injuries (0.39 per 1,000), joint and ligament injuries (0.31 per 1,000), and teeth injuries (0.26 per 1,000). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the highest means of final compensation payment was for burns (810 thousand KRW) followed by the teeth injuries (506 thousand KRW), cleaning injuries (550 thousand KRW) followed by injuries incurred during special activities (510 thousand KRW) and injuries incurred at special schools (556 thousand KRW). Conclusion: In school, the highest incidences of nonfatal unintentional injuries were in special schools, among males, fractures and physical education. However, the highest compensation payments were for burns, and injuries taking place at special schools and during cleaning hour. Proper health education including teaching healthy habits for safety/injury prevention is needed to prevent injuries and decrease compensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.160-171
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• 2003

We surveyed dietitians' perception on application of festival foods in the school foodservice in Busan area. The questionnaires were distributed to 244 dietitians working in elementary(143 individuals), middle(50 ind.), and high schools(51 ind.). The mean scores of dietitians' perception for the succession of the festival foods are 4.57/5.00 at Seolnal, 4.28/5.00 at Jeongwoldaeboreum, 4.12/5.00 at Dongji, 4.02/5.00 at Chuseok, 3.91/5.00 at Sambok, 3.27/5.00 at Dano, 3.00/5.00 at Chopail, 2.67/5.00 at Samjitnal, and 2.65/5.00 at YuDu. The dietitians have frequently practice the Sambok foods to the school foodservice menu, followed by the foods for Dongji, Jeongwoldaeboreum, Seolnal, and Chuseok. About two third of dietitians(72.2%) answered that it is needed to provide festival foods as the school foodservice menu for festive days. However, the survey indicate that putting festival foods on the school foodservice is hampered by the facts that foods do not appeal to the students' taste and it is difficult to cook the foods by school foodservice facilities. Mean scores of dietitians' acquaintance with about the origins and contents of festive days are Dongji(3.67/5.00), Seolnal(3.63/5.00), Sambok(3.60/5.00), Jeongwaldaeboreum(3.58/5.00), Chuseok(3.39/5.00) and Dano(3.23/5.00). When the dietitians provided lunch for the students, 80.1% of them occasional give the information on the festival foods to the students. Therefore, it is recommended to hand down festival foods that the dietitians develope the recipe for foods applicable in school foodservice and e government adopt a policy and education programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 1976

It is obvious that adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development of school children, and many elementary schools in this country have already practiced it. Therefore, it would seem apparent that the school feeding program would have a significant effect on the growth and development of school children. This paper presents a two-year experimental school-feeding program from 1973 to 1974, and attempts to evaluate its effects by before-and-after nutrition surveys conducted in two elementary schools, one experimental and the other as a control. The two schools are both located in the same county (Yongin-Kun, Kyunggi-Do), and the families of their students are presumed to share the same socio-economic level. To assess the effect of school-feeding, we measured height, weight, chest circumference and grasping power. Physical examination was done foresigns of nutritional deficiency. A stool examination for parasites and blood examinations for hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum protein were included. Analyses were done for 150 students selected randomly at the beginning of the program. These students attended the school throughout the program period. Results are as follows: 1. The amount of increase of height, weight, chest cirumference and grasping power were greater in the experimental school than in the control school, but the differences are not statistically significant. 2. Signs of vitamin deficiency decreased in both experimental and control schools during the two-year program period. 3. At the time of the 1974 post-survey, values of Hb. & Hct. revealed no significant differences between the two schools, but serum protein level was a little higher than that of general Korean rural children of the same age. 4. Infestation rate of parasites had increased in both schools during the two-year program period. 5. Each student of the two schools was classified into three major classes, according to the level of economic condition of his or her parents, namely higher, middle and lower. The results of each class of the experimental school was compared with that of the corresponding class of the control school, expecting the relative magnitude of change largest in the lower economic class of the experimental school. However, change was greatest in the middle class, still not being statistically significant. Finally, the authors concluded that the two-year period for such a program is not sufficiently long for its beneficial effects to be demonstrated and measured. As long as the growth and development of children are concerned, planning with a more distant perspective is required, as well as the development of new methods of evaluation.