• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted at a request for cooperation through an analysis of the effect of toothbrushing facilities at a public health center in Seongdong-gu. Also, with the aim of furnishing basic data to the proposal of a program for improving the ability of school aged children in managing oral cavities and developing a correct toothbrushing habit, the study conducted an investigation of how toothbrushing facilities affect change in the oral environment management ability and behavior of oral health care. Methods: From among elementary schools located in Seongdong-gu, Seoul the study selected A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities were established and have been operated since 2008, B Elementary School in an adjacent region within the jurisdiction of Seongdong-gu where the demographic environment was similar among schools where toothbrushing facilities were newly established in 2012, and C Elementary School without toothbrushing facilities. Then the study was aimed at first grade students of the schools and an investigation was carried out from April to December 2012. Through a dental checkup, the study evaluated the teeth and periodontal health conditions, and a test of the oral environment management ability was undertaken three times. Regarding change of oral health care behavior, the study carried out a self-recording survey. Results: 1. Concerning decayed and filled tooth(dft) and decayed and filled surface (dfs), A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities have been established and operated from the past showed a relatively lower decayed, missing, and filled teeth index than B Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities were established in 2012 or C Elementary School without toothbrushing facilities; however, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). For CPI, there was no significant difference by school; however, in looking into the difference between boy students and girl students, Code (0) was discovered higher in boy students whereas Code (1) was shown higher in girl students. 2. In the PHP index test in accordance with the existence of toothbrushing facilities before the installation of toothbrushing facilities, for A Elementary School where toothbrushing facilities have been established and operated from the past, the school recorded 4.28 points whereas B Elementary School where the facilities were established in 2012 recorded 3.51 points. Meanwhile C Elementary School without the facilities posted 4.30 points. Therefore there was a statistically significant difference according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities (p<0.05). 3. In a comparison of teeth health care behavior according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities, the number of answers that the respondent did not brush their teeth after lunch over the past one week was higher in B Elementary School and C Elementary School where there were no toothbrushing facilities. Regarding the average number of brushing after lunch for one week, it was discovered higher in A Elementary School (p<0.01). 4. In change of teeth health care behavior before and after the establishment of toothbrushing facilities, the case of answering that the respondents did not brush their teeth after lunch for one week increased more after establishment than before establishment. Also the average number of teeth brushings after lunch for one week decreased further after the establishment of toothbrushing facilities; however, it did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). One of the reasons that they do not brush their teeth, "the lack of a place", decreased significantly after establishment than before establishment (p<0.05), whereas the answer, "because their friends do not brush their tooth" increased greatly after establishment than before establishment; however, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 5. In the comparison of the degree of knowledge about dental health according to the existence of toothbrushing facilities, the degree of knowledge about dental health was shown significantly higher in A Elementary School with toothbrushing facilities than in B Elementary School and C Elementary School where there were no toothbrushing facilities (p<0.01). Conclusions: Given the above results, it is difficult to attract change in behavior only with an environmental improvement; therefore, it is deemed necessary to develop an educational program that will help children to make a habit of oral health care not only through a school but also through a related policy and financial support of government organizations as well as the construction of the basis of a systematic and consistent cooperative system with relevant organizations.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to find out the change in graduate students' perceptions before and after they take a class on qualitative research. The class on qualitative research was held by the researcher in the winter semester of 2009. The subjects are nine graduate students (two male and eight female) and all elementary school teachers. An open-ended questionnaire with 5 items was used. The responses were interpreted, analyzed and categorized into several main conceptions. The results are as follow: First, some students perceived qualitative research as the counterpart for quantitative research, some perceived that qualitative research supplements quantitative research, while the rest of them had no concept of either before they took the class. Second, they all agreed that qualitative research is necessary in gifted education after they took the class. In order to better understand what is happening in classrooms, in terms of gifted education, a well organized curriculum for gifted education should be developed and conducted in graduate schools.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.651-658
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• 2006

This study was performed to provide the analysis on their size and the structural factors required in the process of design and manufacture of school girls' shoes. 371 elementary school girls in Kyungin and Youngnam area were participated in the size measurement. 25 foot items and 6 main body items were measured directly or indirectly using a digital photography. The results of the study are as follows: first, by most of measured items, the range of their foot size was very wide from the size of toddlers to adults'. That shows that the change of school girls' foot size occurred with their growth is pretty big. Second, from the structural factor analysis on 25 foot items, five factors were extracted such as 'the size of the foot', 'the volume of the foot,' 'the height and inclination of the foot,' 'the shape of the foot,' and 'the inside and outside inclination of the foot'. Third, from the cluster analysis, three clusters were classified: Cluster 1 was the group of 10 to 11 year old girls who had big-sized feet. The elementary school girls in the fourth to sixth grade belonged to this group. Cluster 2 consisted of girls who had small-sized and big-volumed feet. Cluster 3 had medium-sized and slim-shaped feet. Most of 6 to 7 year old elementary school girls belonged to this group. The above-mentioned results imply that many continual researches are required on children's shoe production reflecting the change of elementary school girls' feet size owing to their growth. The quantitative data on elementary school girls' feet size in this study could be used as basic information for the development of children's shoe design and its production.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.356-366
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the required cognitive levels of the current 6th graders' science textbooks conform to the children's cognitive levels and to examine the students' sensed psychological difficulty of the current science textbooks. The eighty five students (boy: 39, girl: 46) from one elementary school were participated in this study. The results of the study are as follows. First, the 2/3 out of the contents in the six graders' science textbooks require concrete level of operation and the 1/3 out of the contents in the textbooks requires the formal level of operation. So the 70% students at the concrete operational level are likely to undergo difficulties with the 1/3 contents in the textbooks. Second, the students' psychological difficulty on the science textbooks is relatively low (approximately two out of five points) and there is not any special pattern between the cognitive level of the textbooks and the students' psychological difficulty of the textbooks.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 1999

This study had been analysed the establishment, the closing and the actual conditions of the fisheries school according to the four times revision and promulgation of the law of education of korea which were devided by the early term (the first Chosun educational decree), the middle term (the second Chosun educational decree) and the last term (the third and fourth Chosun educational decree), and also been investigated how the fisheries education of the school had been acted to the mobocracy and the assimilation policy and together with it's back ground through this analysis. The aim of this study is to contribute to the study of the history of the fisheries school education, analysis of change of the fisheries school education according to practical application of the Chosun educational decree. The summary of the characteristic of the each term are as under. First, in the early term of the fisheries education under the first Chosun educational decree, Experts were despatched to the each province with donated money from emperor and opened seasonal the fishing training centre, a kind of social fisheries education, and trained directly fishing technic and were going to train fisheries trainees regularly under name of elementary fisheries school. Japanese imperialism attached great importance to the vocational education in order to snack economical products from colonized Korea but actually had a purpose to train low quality technician who follow blindly their colony policy of Japanese imperialism. The fisheries schools in the circle of system in early time of Japanese imperialism, Kunsan public elementary fisheries school was established in April 1915, Yosu public elementary fisheries school was established ill May 1917 and Kyungnam Tongyoung training school was established in March 1917. Secondly, After 3.1 movement, the Japanese imperialism established an appeasement policy so called cultural politics and continued assimilation policy with skilful methods. After revision of the second Chosun educational decree, the Elementary vocational school was changed as the vocational training school. The school of fisheries education in middle of Japanese imperialism trained low quality technicians to snack fisheries resources from colonized Korea. After the middle of Japanese imperialism they paid attention on training fisheries technician through fisheries school rather than training school. With high interest and crowded volunteers, Kunsan public fisheries school was promoted in 1922, Tongyoung public fisheries school was promoted in 1923, Yongampo fisheries training school established in 1922 was promoted as Yongampo public fisheries school in 1926. Thirdly, in the time of the third and fourth Chosun educational decree, the end of Japanese imperialism, they met Pacific war after Japan vs China war. During the war time they considered the vocational school as the source of supply for materials and manpower and consequently had to expanded vocational education and systematically despatched students to war field and practiced military training. In 1938, Namhae public fisheries school was established and Chungjin fisheries school was permitted. But in order to supply manpower to Pacific war, the study period of Yosu public fisheries school was shorten from 5 years to 4 year in 1943 and also that of Tongyoung public fisheries school shorten in 1944.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between BMI, eating disorders, physical symptoms and self-esteem. Methods: The research design was a descriptive correlation study. Data collection was done by using a constructive self-report questionnaire, a total 231 elementary school girls were measured. The instrument was a constructive questionnaire that consisted 115 items. Data analysis was done by SPSS WIN 10.0 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefncient. Results: The score of eating disorders differed significantly by the BMI : the score was highest in the group of obesity(F=4.53, p=.023). The score of physical symptoms differed significantly by the BMI : the score was highest in the group of obesity(F=3.16, p=.045). There was positive correlation between BMI and eating disorders(r=.247, p<.01), and BMI and physical symptoms(r=.186, p<.01). And there was positive correlation between eating disorders and physical symptoms(r=.253, p<.01). Conclusions: These results indicated that elementary school girls need more education and counseling on dietary. Also, to promote their normal growth development, the systematic efforts to reestablish the social standard of the beauty should be taken.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.145-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine how the garment sizes by junior brand manufactures reflect Tween Generation's (ages from 5th grade to 9th grade) actual body sizes. They have diverse clothing preferences in styles and fitting levels as well as diverse body sizes and shapes. The subjects of this study were 520 students (the 5th and 6th grades in elementary schools, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades in middle schools) who lived in Jeonju. A questionnaire was used in this study. The data were analyzed by frequency, means, t-test and $\chi^2$. The results were as follows. In the selection of garment size, both the girl and boy students most preferred selecting garments after trying them on by themselves. Boy students tended to select garment size according to their mothers' advice. On the other hand, elementary school students showed a tendency to select garment size with their mothers. In fitting sizes, middle school girls wanted the size to fit tightly rather than loosely on their bodies much more than elementary school girls. Junior brand manufacturers produced sizes that well reflected actual body sizes of elementary and middle school girls. Specifically, the pants best covered their body sizes.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

This study is to find out how much elementary school members have their consciousness against safety in their school. Simple questionnaire 1206 sheets have been distributed to the members and additional interview with teachers to take care of them. Statistically, frequency, and correlation analysis have been made and chi-test has also been made for data reliability. The results of these have been summarized as running on corridor with 53.4% in school safety, warming up exercise 45.2% in leisure safety, evacuation form classroom with 2.4% in fire safety, crossing around just in fromt or rear of vehicle with 61.2% in transportation safety. It is thought that safety training should be provided to more for man than for girl pupils and also, safety consciousness should be improved than all the other area.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate how extracurricular science club activities affect sciencerelated attitudes of female elementary school students. The experimental group was organised with thirty female elementary school students selected from a school in a small city and two schools in a town at Jeju special selfgoverning province. The students were encouraged to participate in a variety of scientific experiences and inquiry activities for ten months. The control group consisted of another thirty girl students chosen from the same schools. The pre-test and post-test on science-related attitudes were administered to both the experimental and control groups. The result of this study shows that meaningful changes have been observed in science-related attitudes of the experimental group, whereas the control group reveals no meaningful changes. Science-related attitudes have been analyzed in three categories such as cognition, interests, scientific attitude. The experimental group shows meaningful changes in all of the three categories, while the control group shows no change in any category. When the female students from small city and those from the town were separated, the result shows that the latter shows more positive changes in science-related attitudes through science club activities than the former.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through $\chi^2$-test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teachers. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC than those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.