• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.414-417
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• 2001

Recently, developments of device using characteristics of ceramics as a new technical material is in progress. While doing so, Ultrasonic motor which is a part of research & flat-type $L_1-B_8$ mode Ultrasonic motor and measured the operation characteristics of its. The size of USM is 80*20*1.5[$mm{^1}$](length*width*thickness) and is constructed with stator by piezo-ceramics and stainless elastic body and rotator by bearings. As results of experiments, the fastest speed of revolution($\upsilon$), the maximum torque(T) and the efficiency($\eta$) were 37.5[cm/sec], 5.0[mN$\cdot$M] and 1.17[%] respectively when 27.9[kHz], 150[gf], 50[V] were applied. SO, we think this flat-type $L{_1}-B{_8}$ mode Ultrasonic motor is able to be used for applications in forwarding device of a paper or electric card so on. Key Words: Flat=type $L{_1}-B{_8}$ mode Ultrasonic Motors, Piezoelectric ceramics, forwarding device.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.664-667
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• 2001

A flat-type L$_1$-B$_{8}$ Mode Ultrasonic motor(USM) uses longitudinal-bending multi-mode vibrator which is constructed with the metal-piezoceramic composite thin plate vibrator. Especially, the characteristics of vibrating displacement of the vibrator are important for the fabrication of USM. So, in this study, we tried to analyze them by the FEM(finite element method) simulation program. ANSYS 5.6 we used is a finite element software enabling the analysis of 2 or 3 dimensional structure of piezoelectric materials. Using this made us analyzing the resonance frequency and calculating displacement of vibrator and then the position of the projection.n.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2023

본 논문은 전자기기에 사용되는 전원의 노이즈 저감을 위한 전도성(Conducted) EMI 필터의 경험적 설계를 통하여 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 A형, B형, C형, D형의 구조를 설계하였으며, 다양한 X-커패스터와, Y-커패스터, Air-인덕터로 LC 네트워크 사용으로 전도성 노이즈 저감을 확인하였다. L1, L2는 10[μH]를 사용하였으며, C1, C2는 4.7[nF]를 사용하였다. 공통모드(Common Mode)용 L3는 13[μH]를 사용하였으며, C5, C6, C7은 10[nF]을 사용하여 설계하였다. 설계된 EMI 필터의 측정된 삽입손실 값은 3.2MHz에서 -74.4[dB], 4MHz에서 -75.4[dB], 13.56MHz에서 -75.3[dB]로 나타났다. 따라서 제안한 EMI 필터는 다양한 전자기기에 사용되는 전원 노이즈 저감에 이용될 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.177-198
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• 2007

Since 1970s, there are many tries to realize electronic bills of lading(e-B/L) in the world and great attention has been shown to the question of law, international trade customs and realizing strategy concerned that instrument. However that tries, include Bolero which is most famous company serving e-B/L, don't succeed yet. Meanwhile, Korean government amended commercial code in order to realize e-B/L on August 3, 2007. Also The Korea Paperless Trade Center set to develop the e-B/L system by spring of 2008. So far, however, no definitive answer has been given to the way of realization of e-B/L in Korea. Getting bigger the importance of analysis to the ways of realization of e-B/L in Korea, in this paper the author attempt to examine the requirements after briefly outlining and analysing the results and problems of the tries and suggest thereby policy and strategy about the realization classified three categories.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.177-218
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• 2000

Global Electronic Trading means that trading partners trade each other via Global Electronic Trading Network, that is, global business to business electronic commerce. Recently, where the cargo arrives ahead of the B/L, the importer cannot take delivery of the cargo without the B/L. This situation is referred to as the B/L dilemma. But the BOLERO system will resolve this B/L dilemma. Bolero Project is developing a cross industry utility platform for the secure, electronic transfer of commercial trade information world wide. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. Bolero International Limited published the first edition of Bolero Rulebook in 1999. The Bolero Rulebook as amended from time to time, governing the relationship between Users and their rights and obligations arising from the Bolero system. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. Thus, this study deals with the functions of Bolero Bill of Lading and the problems and solutions in the Bolero Bill of Lading in point of definitions and operation under the Bolero Rulebook.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.349-370
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• 2016

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic bill of lading for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. First, to build a negotiation system for electronic B/Ls, active participation from related parties in addition to the government support is essential. Second, electronic B/Ls cannot be utilized within a short period of time in current commercial practices. Third, there should be infrastructure which connects all parties of international commerce through an electronic system. Fourth, instead of promoting mutual recognition through international treaty, there should be a plan which legally specifying mutual recognition between certification authorities. Fifth, it is needed to ease the strictness of electronic signature to promote the global negotiation of electronic B/Ls. Lastly, in prima facie weight of evidence, there was a significant difference with the Rotterdam Rules even in comparison with the Commercial Act which was amended with the significantly advanced rules on electronic B/L. He believed there should be a discreet consideration on these matters at the revision of the Commercial Act. For this, the government has to provide support more aggressively with more interest and commitments.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.1033-1055
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• 2000

Almost business enterprises have recently used electronic commerce to conduct their business. Electronic commerce has come to encompass the Internet as well as EDI on private networks begun in the 1960s. The Internet is already changing the way that many companies conduct their business. Domestic electronic commerce has rapidly enhanced, while Int'l electronic commerce has gone steady. There are four issues for developing of Int'l Electronic Commerce. Firstly, The EDI Standardization is to be uniformed and prevailed over the world in UN/EDIFACT authorized by ISO. Secondly, There are two useful systems on Electronic Document Transmission, so called, Bolero project system and Trade Card System. It is thought that Bolero system will be more useful for large trading enterprises, especially, who need a Letter of Credit and electronic B/L, while T/C system is proper to small trade companies who do not need those. Successful results of Bolero system is very important for Int'l electronic commerce enterprises. Thirdly, to secure electronic signature, Int'l Certification Authority is essential for the users of Int'l electronic commerce. Trusted way of distributing public keys is to use a Int'l Certification Authority. The Int'l Certification Authority will accept user's public key, along with some proof of identity and serve as a depository of digital certificates. Both governments and the International business community must involve archiving keys with trusted third parties. Finally, It is important that all the nations and UNCITRAL continue efforts to make legal bases in Int'l electronic commerce concerned, including electronic signature, certification etc.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.68-83
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• 2019

Purpose - The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (Model Law) is based on the principles of non-discrimination against the use of electronic means, functional equivalence, and technology neutrality underpinning all UNCITRAL texts on electronic commerce. Investigating the disagreements between the Model Law and the Koran Commercial Act (KC Act), including the B/L Regulation, and suggesting the revision of the KC Act including the B/L Regulation, could be a valuable study. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the harmonization of Korean legislation regarding electronic bill of lading in compliance with the Model Law. Design/methodology - The Model Law is flexible to accommodate the use of all technologies and models, such as registries, tokens, and distributed ledgers: that is, blockchain. In 2007, the KC Act was revised to regulate electronic bills of lading to promote the widespread legal use of electronic bills of lading. In addition, The Regulation on Implementation of the Provisions of the Commercial Act Regarding Electronic Bills of Lading (the B/L Regulation) was enacted to regulate the detailed procedures in using electronic bills of lading in 2008. This paper employs a legal analysis by which this paper does find differences between two rules in light of technology neutrality and global standard of electronic bills of lading model. Findings - The main findings are as follows: i) the Korean registry agency has characteristics of a closed system. ii) The KC Act has no provision regarding control. iii) The KC Act discriminates other electronic bills of lading on the ground that it was issued or used abroad. Moreover, this study does comprehensive analysis of Korean Acts in comparison with the Model Law and, in particular, this study analyzes the differences between the KC Act and the Model Law by comparing article by article in view of the harmonization of the two rules. Originality/value - The subject of previous several studies was draft provisions on Electronic Transferable Records before completion of the Model Law; thus, these studies did not take into consideration the character of the Model Law as the Model Law was chosen at the final stage of legislation. This study is aimed at the final version of the Model Law. So, this study is meaningful by finding the suggestion and directions for the Korean government to revise the KC Act and the B/L Regulation in line with the Model Law.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1990년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.108-109
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• 1990

For the purpose of fabricating of L-B Films, (N-alkyl pyridinium)-TCNQ(1:1) complex is synthesized. This complex is verified by U.V, I.R and elemental analyzer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.414-417
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• 2001

Recently, developments of device using characteristics of ceramics as a new technical material is in progress. While doing so, Ultrasonic motor which is a part of research & development of piezo-actuator by piezo-effects is being used in the various applications. So, we fabricated a flat-type $L_{1}-B_{8}$ mode Ultrasonic motor and measured the operation characteristics of its. The size of USM is 80*20*1.5[$mm^{3}$](length*width*thickness) and is constructed with stator by piezo-ceramics and stainless elastic body and rotator by bearings. As results of experiments, the fastest speed of revolution(v), the maximum torque(T) and the efficiency( $\eta$ ) were 37.5[cm/sec], 5.0[ $mN{\cdot}m$ ] and 1.17[%] respectively when 27.9[kHz], 150[gf], 50[V] were applied. So, we think this $flat-type_{1}-B_{8}$ mode Ultrasonic motor is able to be used for applications in forwarding device of a paper or electric card and so on.