• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.2801-2808
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• 2022

The synergistic effect of ZrC nanoparticle pining and Re solution in W matrix on the thermal stability of tungsten was studied by investigating the evolution of the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties after annealing in a temperature range of 1000-1700 ℃. The results of metallography, electron backscatter diffraction pattern and Vickers micro-hardness indicate that the rolled W-1wt%Re-0.5 wt% ZrC alloy has a higher recrystallization temperature (1600 ℃-1700 ℃) than that of the rolled pure W (1200 ℃), W-0.5 wt%ZrC (1300 ℃), W-0.5 wt%HfC (1400-1500 ℃) and W-K-3wt%Re alloy fabricated by the same technology. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that solution Re atoms in W matrix can slow down the self-diffusion of W atoms and form dragging effect to delay the growth of W grain, moreover, the diffusion coefficient decrease with increasing Re content. In addition, the ZrC nanoparticles can pin the grain boundaries and dislocations effectively, preventing the recrystallization. Therefore, synergistic effect of solid solution Re element and dispersed ZrC nanoparticles significantly increase recrystallization temperature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2324-2331
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• 2024

The current study investigated Saudi Arabian oil fly ash impacts on Egyptian clay bricks' structural and radiation shielding properties. To produce the required bricks, crushed clay minerals from the Hafafit area were mixed with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 % wt.% Saudi Arabian oil fly ash and pressed at a pressure rate of 68.55 MPa. Identification of the minerals in the chosen clay was achieved via X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the material's morphology and chemical composition were determined through scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray. The fabricated bricks' density was reduced by 36.3 % through increasing the concentration of fly ash from 0 to 40 wt%. Then, the fly ash addition's influence on the fabricated clay bricks' γ-ray shielding properties was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation, which found a reduction in the fabricated bricks' linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) by 41.2, 36.0, 33.8, and 33.8 % at the 0.059, 0.103, 0.662, and 1.252 MeV γ-ray energies, respectively. The LAC reduction caused an increase in the fabricated bricks' half-value thickness, transmission factor, and the equivalent thickness of the lead. Moreover, the thicker fabricated sample thicknesses were found to have high γ-ray shielding capacity and can thus be used in radiation shielding applications.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1997

Structurally, the rare earth cuprate superconductor of Nd2-xCexCuO4-$\delta$ has T' structure and has been known as having a quite complicated microstructural phenomena, so far. In order to be superconductivity, both small amount of cation substitution of Nd3+ by Ce4+ and oxygen reduction are required. In the present study the crystallographic study on the structural transition for the Nd2-xCexCuO4-$\delta$ crystal has been con-ducted by observing the CBED (Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction) pattern with STEM(Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope). Three different samples of Nd2CuO3,Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 and Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO3.965 were prepared by solid-state sintering and their CBED patterns were observed by STEM to study the structural transition accompanying the substitution of Ce and the reduction of oxygen. Experimental HOLZ lines of these samples were compared with those plotted by a computer-programmed simulation to de-termine the lattice parameter of Nd2-xCexCuO4-$\delta$ crystal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2011

ZnO는 직접 천이형 반도체로써, 상온에서 3.4eV에 해당하는 띠틈을 가지고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 60meV의 큰 엑시톤 결합에너지를 가지고 있어 단파장 광전 소자 영역의 LED(Light Emitting Diode)나 LD(Laser Diode)에 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만 일반적으로 격자틈새 Zn(Zni2+)이온이나 O 빈자리(V02+)이온과 같은 자연적인 도너 이온이 존재하여 n-형 전도성을 나타낸다. 그러므로 ZnO계 LED와 LD의 개발에 있어서 가장 중요한 연구 과제는 재현성 있고 안정된 고농도의 p-형 ZnO박막을 성장시키는 것이다. 하지만, 자기보상효과나 얕은 억셉터 준위, 억셉터의 낮은 용해도로 인하여 어려움을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고품질의 p-형 ZnO박막을 제작하기 위해 AlN를 도핑시킨 ZnO박막을 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법을 이용하여 Ar과 O2분위기에서 성장시켰다. ZnO와 AlN타겟을 동시에 사용하였으며, ZnO타겟에 걸어준 RF 파워는 80W, AlN타겟에 걸어준 RF 파워는 5~20W로 변화시켰다. 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성은 XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), REELS (Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy), Hall measurement를 이용하여 연구하였다. XPS측정결과, AlN를 도핑시킨 ZnO박막의 Zn2p3/2와 O1s피크는 undoped ZnO박막의 피크보다 낮은 결합에너지에서 측정되었다. 모든 박막이 결정화 되었으며, (002)방향으로 우선적으로 성장된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 홀 측정 결과, 기판을 $200^{\circ}C$로 가열하면서 성장시킨 박막이 p-형을 나타내었으며, 비저항(Resistivity)이 $5.51{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}m$, 캐리어 농도(Carrier Concentration)가 $1.96{\times}1018cm^{-3}$, 이동도(Mobility)가 $481cm^2$/Vs이었다. 또한 QUEELS -Simulation에 의한 광학적 특성분석 결과, 가시광선영역에서 투과율이 90%이상으로 투명전자소자로의 응용이 가능하다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2017

The hardening effect by ice-quenching after oxidation of a Pd-Ag-Sn-Au metal-ceramic alloy during porcelain firing simulation was investigated by means of hardness test, field emission scanning electron microscopic observations, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The hardness decreased by ice-quenching after oxidation, which was induced by the homogenization of the ice-quenched specimen. The decreased hardness by ice-quenching after oxidation was recovered from the wash stage which was the first stage of the remaining firing process for bonding porcelain. After wash stage, the hardness of the ice-quenched specimens decreased during the subsequent porcelain firing process. But the final hardness of the ice-quenched specimens after oxidation was higher than that of the specimens cooled at stage 0 after oxidation. The increase in hardness of the specimens during the first firing process was caused by the lattice strains generated at the interface between the face-centered cubic Pd-Ag-rich matrix and the face-centered tetragonal Pd3(Sn, Ga, In) precipitate. The decrease in hardness of the specimens during the remaining firing process was caused by the microstructural coarsening.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2016

This experiment was carried out to examine whether the post-firing heat treatment is effective in increasing the hardness of metal-ceramic alloy of the Pd-Au-Ag-Sn system. Precipitation hardening by holding at $600^{\circ}C$ after simulated complete porcelain firing in a metal-ceramic alloy of the Pd-Au-Ag-Sn system was examined by observing the change in hardness, crystal structure, and microstructure using a hardness test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The hardness of the alloy increased apparently by holding the specimen at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min after simulated complete porcelain firing. The formation of fine grain interior precipitates during holding at $600^{\circ}C$ caused the formation of lattice strain in the grain interior, resulting in apparent hardening. The faster cooling rate (stage 0) during simulated complete porcelain firing resulted in more effective precipitation hardening during holding at $600^{\circ}C$. From the above results, an appropriate post-firing heat treatment, such as holding at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min after complete porcelain firing may increase the durability of metal-ceramic prostheses composed of Pd-Au-Ag-Sn alloy.