• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

본 연구는 정상인을 대상으로 건강을 위한 유산소 능력과 관계가 깊은 하지에 혈류제한 유산소 훈련을 시행함으로써 하지 근활성도와 운동신경원을 정량적으로 비교·분석하여 효과적인 혈류제한 운동프로그램의 효용성을 제시하는 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 압력 정도가 140 mmHg으로 혈류제한하여 트레드밀 위에서 유산소 운동을 적용한 집단 10명을 실험군I, 트레드밀 위에서 유산소 운동만 적용한 집단을 11명을 대조군으로 각각 무작위 배치한 후, 트레드밀에서 4주간, 주 3회, 1일 1회, 1회 30분간 중재 프로그램을 시행하였다. 중재 전 표면근전도를 활용하여 근활성도와 운동신경원을 측정하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 실험군I의 집단 내 전후 비교에서 넙다리곧은근, 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근 및 장딴지근의 근활성도가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 대조군의 집단 내 전후 비교에서는 넙다리곧은근, 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근 및 장딴지근의 근활성도가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 집단 간 변화 비교에서는 넙다리곧은근의 활성도가 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 하지 혈류제한과 병행하여 유산소운동을 접목하는 것은 엘리트선수 육성과 관절이 약한 노인 등 재활 트레이닝에 기능적인 활동을 회복시킬 수 있는 부상방지 운동프로그램 등으로 발전시킬 수 있을 것이며, 향후 연구에서 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 하여 정상인이 아닌 대상의 영역을 확대하고, 압력강도에 따른 다각적인 연구들이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

The walker provides stability for walking for people whose lower extremities are disabled. It is important to measure and determine the appropriate height of a walker to conserve energy and to improve function. The purposes of this study were to examine effects of walker height and gait velocity on triceps, latissimus dorsi muscle activation, and energy expenditure index (EEI) during ambulation with a walker. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject was assigned a walker with one of three heights (high, standard, lower height) and of two gait velocities (comfortable gait velocity or fast gait velocity). Electromyographic data were collected from triceps and latissimus dorsi, and EEI was determined from each condition. Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance. Post hoc comparison was performed with the Bonferroni test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in the %MVIC of triceps among different walker height factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that %MVIC of dominant triceps brachii was more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05). 2. There were significant differences in the %MVIC of the latissimus dorsi among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the %MVIC of dominant latissimus dorsi was also more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05) and in those who used the faster gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). 3. There were significant differences in the EEI among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the EEI was significantly increased among those who used higher and lower walkers compared with the standard walker. The EEI was also more significantly increased among those who used the fast gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). It has been concluded that increased muscle activation in triceps and latissimus dorsi was required when the walker height increased and that more energy was exp ended when the gait velocity increased. Therefore, from the findings of this study, it is recommended that walker height be adjusted according to the purposes of gait training and that healthy subjects conserve energy when ambulating with standard walkers in a comfortable gait velocity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of the biceps brachii muscle in the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position of the shoulder in patients with anterior instability. Materials and Methods: This experimental study include a prospective analysis of the electromyographic(EMG) data on a group of patients with traumatic unilateral anterior instability of the shoulder. The EMG data of unstable shoulders was compared with those of opposite shoulders as control. The optimal sample size for the case-control study was calculated using an nQuery Advisor program(nQuery Adviser 3.0, Statisticl solutions Ltd., Ireland). The EMG analyses were conducted in 76 shoulders in 38 patients who had a traumatic anterior instability in one shoulder. The EMG records were obtained at different position of shoulder, which included 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° of shoulder abduction. In each angle of shoulder abduction, the arms were placed in an external rotation as tolerated by the anterior apprehension. The paired-sample T test was used to compare the difference of the root mean square(RMS) voltages between the stable and unstable shoulders in each degree of arm position. Results : The RMS voltage of the biceps muscle was significantly greater in the unstable shoulder than opposite stable shoulder in all position of the arm(p<0.001). The RMS voltage of the biceps was maximal at 90° and 120° of external rotation in the unstable shoulder(p<0.05). The RMS voltage of the supraspinatus muscle revealed no differences in any of the test conditions(p=0.904, 0.506, 0.119 and 0.781 in 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° , respectively) Conclusion: In the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position, the biceps muscle plays an active compensatory role in the unstable shoulder while not in the stable shoulder.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2013

본 연구는 컴퓨터 마우스 사용으로 인한 근골격계 질환을 예방하기 위해 개발한 랩보드(lap board)의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 20대의 근골격계 증상이 없는 대학생 10명이었으며, 랩보드에서 마우스를 사용할 때와 책상에서 마우스를 사용할 때 상지의 움직임, 근전도, 작업수행도 및 주관적 불편도의 차이를 비교분석하였다. 동작분석결과, 어깨 굽힘(shoulder flexion), 어깨 안쪽돌림(shoulder internal rotation) 및 아래팔 엎침(pronation)의 평균 각도가 랩보드와 책상에서 마우스 작업 간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러나 랩보드와 책상에서 마우스 작업을 할 때의 근활성도, 수행도 및 주관적 불편도는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 랩보드를 사용할 때 작업자의 상지는 책상에서 보다 몸통에 가깝게 위치하였으며, 랩보드를 선호하는 학생은 10명 중 6명이었다. 컴퓨터 마우스 작업으로 인한 근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 진전된 연구가 수행되기를 기대한다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.449-462
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• 2012

본 연구는 신체재활을 위해 다양한 꽃꽂이 작업들을 이용하기 위해서 꽃꽂이 작업 시 주로 사용되는 작업들을 분류하고, 각 작업 수행 시 사용되는 상지의 관절가동범위와 근육 활성도를 측정하였다. 또한 꽃꽂이 작업 시 상지의 관절 가동범위와 근육활성도 측정결과를 근거로 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위한 꽃꽂이 프로그램을 개발하여, 실제 임상현장에서 적용하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 상지 움직임을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 주요한 꽃꽂이 작업을 분류한 다음, 작업 분석을 토대로 8가지 꽃꽂이 기본 작업(자르기 1, 굵은 줄기; 자르기 2, 가는 줄기; 꽂기 1, 긴 줄기; 꽂기 2, 짧은 줄기; 말기; 관엽 이용; 휘기 1, 굵은 줄기; 휘기 2, 가는 줄기; 감기, 절화용 와이어 이용)을 재분류하였다. 강원도 소재 대학의 8명의 남학생(평균 연령 $24.1{\pm}2.5$세)들이 8가지 꽃꽂이 작업을 수행하는 동안 삼차원 실시간 동작 분석 시스템과 근 전도 측정기를 이용하여 상지의 관절가동범위와 각 근육부위별 활성도를 각각 측정하였다. 이 측정결과를 토대로 상지기능 향상을 위한 꽃꽃이 프로그램을 개발하여, 서울시 소재 재활병원에 입원한 뇌졸중 환자들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 참여대상자들의 의사에 따라 4명은 원예치료군에 나머지 4명은 작업치료군에 배정되었다. 원예치료는 1일 2회(총 33회기)로 실시되었으며, 프로그램 전과 후에 뇌졸중 환자들의 상지기능 평가를 위해서 관절가동범위와 장악력 및 전반적인 상지기능평가가 수행되었다. 꽃꽂이 작업 수행 시 어깨관절은 자르기 1 작업에서 관절가동범위의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 팔꿈치 관절은 감기 작업에서, 손목부위 관절은 휘기 1 작업에서 가장 큰 관절가동 범위를 나타냈다(P < 0.001). 수행된 꽃꽂이 작업에 따라 상지 근육의 부위별 근육 활성도는 다양한 변화를 보였으며, 한 가지 작업에 대해 여러 부위의 근육들이 동시에 사용되었다(P < 0.001). 또한 같은 방법으로 수행하는 작업일지라도 재료의 굵기나 길이에 따라 관절가동범위와 근수축의 차이가 나타났다(P < 0.001). 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위해 실시된 꽃꽂이 작업을 이용한 원예치료 프로그램은 뇌졸중 환자들의 상지(어깨, 팔꿈치, 손목관절)의 가동범위와 장악력 및 전반적인 상지 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 꽃꽂이의 주요 작업을 이용하여 특정 신체부위의 기능향상이 필요한 대상자의 재활치료를 위한 프로그램 개발에 유용한 기초자료를 제시하였다. 추가적으로 실제 재활환자의 상태에 따라 효율적인 맞춤형 원예치료 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 규명하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2006

Muscle weakness in the hemiplegia following stroke is an important factor which determines the quality of life in the future. Therefore, muscle strengthening exercise is essential for functional recovery in hemiplegic patients. Even though the popular conception is that muscle strengthening exercise causes spasticity and associated reaction that hemiplegia patients don't want, and that it disturbs functional recovery, recently there have been many new reports against that opinion. Therefore, the effects of strengthening exercise programs on functional recovery in hemiplegic patients are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strengthening exercise programs for the knee joint using isokinetic exercise on the associated reaction of the upper extremities. Comparing the muscle activities of biceps brachii and triceps brachii during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise, we examined the increase and decrease of associated reaction. Twenty stroke inpatients participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to get muscle activity data from biceps brachii and triceps brachii. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The flexor and extensor peak torque were significantly higher on the sound side than the affected side (p<.05). 2. Before and after strengthening exercise, there was no significant difference in muscle activities (surface electromyographic root mean square values) between the sound and affected side. 3. Muscle activities were examined during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise. There were significant differences in muscle activities between, before and during the exercises, during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the biceps brachii (p<.05), and during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the triceps brachii (p<.05). In conclusion, there was no relation between strengthening exercise and associated reaction in the upper extremities. Rather, muscle activities after exercise had a tendency to decrease relative to before the exercise. Thus, it is considered that intensive strengthening exercise contributes to improvement of functional recovery without increase in associated reaction in hemiparetic patients.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to develop and scientifically investigate the efficacy of the Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest that responds to the spine curvature of the user when seated, and maintains and enhances the natural S-curve of the lower back, thereby helping to relieve fatigue, correct posture and prevent spine deformities. Background: The focus of current development, design guidelines and/or standards for office chairs is mainly placed on the chair's dimensions, incline angle, adjusting features and lumbar support. Research and development was called for developing a chair backrest that maintains and improves the S-curve of the full spine. Method: The Spine S-curve Reactive Backrest was ergonomically designed to maintain correct posture and enhance user comfort. When leaned on, the backrest responds to the user's spine line and the whole lower back sits closely against the backrest, thereby aligning the user's lower back and backrest as one to maintain and improve the natural S-curve formation of the spine. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the newly designed chair (new design) and the comparison target (chair), five male college students of standard body type with normal spine curvature were selected as test subjects, and a motion analyzer and electromyography were utilized to measure S-curve and erector spinae muscle activity when seated. Results: The spine S-curve was better maintained and improved when sitting in the new design than in the comparison chair. Particularly notable was the greater displacement gap of the thoracic spine than the cervical spine, and also that of the lumbar more than the thoracic spine, with the increase of the backrest tilting angle. Furthermore, the electromyogram results showed the new design caused a lower fatigue level of the erector spinae muscles compared to the comparison chair, and also earned a higher preference in the subjective opinion results. Conclusion: The newly designed chair in this study responds to the user's spine curvature and maintains and enhances the lower back's natural S-curve, and thereby relieves fatigue, promotes better posture, and helps to prevent spine deformities better than existing office chairs. There is a need to widely introduce and supply this new design. Application: The new design is applicable to office and student chairs, and is expected to improve concentration and work efficiency.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait patterns and muscle activations with increased loads during stair walking. Also, it can be used as descriptive data about continuous stair walking in a real life setting. Method : Twelve sedentary young male adults(Age: $27.0{\pm}1.8yrs$, Weight: $65.8{\pm}9.9kg$) without any lower extremity injuries participated in this study. Participants performed stair walking up 7 floors and their ascending and descending motion on each floor was analyzed. A wireless electromyography(EMG) were attached on the Rectus Femoris(RF), Biceps Femoris(BF), Gastrocnemius(GN), Tibialis Anterior(TA) muscle to calculate integrated EMG(iEMG), median frequency(MDF) and co-contraction index(CI). Chest and left heel accelerometer signal were recorded by wireless accelerometer and those were used to calculate approximate entropy(ApEn) for analyzing gait pattern. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was LSD. Results : During ascending stairs, there were a statistically significant difference in Walking time between 1-2nd and other floors(p=.000), GN iEMG between 2-3th and 6-7th(p=.043) floor, TA MDF between 1-2nd and 5-6th(p=.030), 6-7th(p=.015) floor and TA/GN CI between 2-3th and 6-7th(p=.038) floor and ApEn between 1-2nd and 6-7th(x: p=.003, y: p=.005, z: p=.006) floor. During descending stairs, there were a statistically significant difference in TA iEMG between the 6-5th and 3-2nd(p=.026) floor, and for the ApEn between the 1-2nd and 6-7th(x: p=.037, y: p=.000, z: p=.000) floor. Conclusion : Subjects showed more regular pattern and muscle activation response caused by regularity during ascending stairs. Regularity during the first part of stair-descending could be a sign of adaptation; however, complexity during the second part could be a strategy to decrease the impact.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Objective : In order for Taekwondo athletes to perform destructive kicking performance, they are expected to have Taekwondo-specific muscle properties such as high muscle strength and power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint angle-dependent force-producing property of Taekwondo athletes' knee extensor muscles, which is one of the primary muscle groups involved in kicking performance. Method : Ten Taekwondo male athletes (age: $19.9{\pm}0.7yrs$, height: $180.6{\pm}6.2cm$, body mass: $75.9{\pm}8.9kg$, career: $9.2{\pm}2.9yrs$.) and 10 healthy male non-athletes (age: $26.3{\pm}2.6yrs$, height: $174.2{\pm}4.8cm$, body mass: $72.8{\pm}7.7kg$) participated in this study. Subjects performed maximum isometric knee extension at knee joint angles of $40^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, and $100^{\circ}$ (the full knee extension was set to $0^{\circ}$) with the hip joint angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $80^{\circ}$ (the full extension was set to $0^{\circ}$). During the contractions, knee extension torque using an isokinetic dynamometer simultaneously with muscle activities of the rectus femoris (RF), and the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) using surface electromyography were recorded. Based on the torque values at systematically different knee-hip joint angles, the joint torque-angle relationships were established and then the optimal joint angle for the knee extensor was estimated. Results : The results of this study showed that the isometric knee extension torque values were greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group at all hip-knee joint angle combinations (p<.05). When the hip joint was set at $80^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($313.61{\pm}36.79Nm$ and $221.43{\pm}35.92Nm$, respectively; p<.05) but the estimated optimum knee joint angles were similar ($62.33{\pm}5.71^{\circ}$ and $62.30{\pm}4.67^{\circ}$ for the Taekwondo athletes and non-athlete group, respectively). When the hip joint was set at $0^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($296.29{\pm}45.13Nm$ and $199.58{\pm}25.23Nm$, respectively; p<.05) and the estimated optimum knee joint angle was larger for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($78.47{\pm}5.14^{\circ}$ and $67.54{\pm}5.77^{\circ}$, respectively; p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study suggests that, compared with non-athletes, Taekwondo athletes have stronger knee extensor strength at all hip-knee joint angle combinations as well as longer optimum muscle length, which might be optimized for the event-specific required performance through prolonged training period.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercises program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during four types of exercises using a sling and a mat. Twenty healthy males were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Exercise 1 was performed in a quadruped position with the subjects lifting the left arm and the opposite leg on the mat. Exercise 2 was performed in a prone position while holding a sling with the right hand and the left knee was fully extended while lifting the left arm and right leg. Exercise 3 was performed in quadruped position while holding a sling with one the right hand and lifting the opposite arm and leg. In exercise 4, subjects were instructed to maintain a balance push-up position while holding slings with both hands in 10 cm forward reaching with extended elbows. Electromyographic(EMG) activities were recorded from the multifidus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal rectus, and erector spinalis muscles during the exercises. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle. Repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used to compare the differences in the muscle activity according to the types of exercise. The EMG amplitudes of all the muscles were significantly different according to the types of exercises (p<.05). The highest EMG activities of each muscle was as follow; multifidus was 73.38%MVIC in exercise 3, the erector spinalis was 40.03%MVIC in exercise 3, the external oblique was 135.88%MVIC in exercise 4, the internal oblique was 128.60%MVIC in exercise 4, and the rectus abdominalis was 95.24%MVIC in Exercise 4. The types of exercises showed a significant difference in composition rate of EMG amplitudes of each muscle (p<.05). EMG composition rate of the multifidus was high in exercise 1 and 3. However, EMG composition rates of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominals were high in exercise 2 and 4. These results showed differences in EMG activities of muscles contributing to trunk stabilization during different therapeutic exercises. Therefore, the type of exercise should be carefully selected to effectively strengthen a specific trunk stabilizer.