• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

The effect of organic additives, polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the trivalent chromium electroplating was analysed in the view point of current efficiency, solution stability and metallurgical structure. It was measured that PEG-containing trivalent chromium solution had about 10% higher current efficiency than pure solution and controlled the micro-crack density of electrodeposits. PEG exhibited profound effect on the solution stability by reducing the consumption rate of formic acid which acts as a complexant to lower the activation energy required for electrochemical reduction of trivalent chromium ions. It was also revealed that the formation of chromium carbide layer was facilitated in the presence of polyethylene glycol, which meant easier electrochemical codeposition of chromium and carbon, not single chromium deposition. Trivalent chromium layer formed from PEG-containing solution was amorphous with local nano-crystalline particles, which were prominently developed on the entire surface after non-oxidative heat treatment.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)섬유를 원료로 여러 가지 조건하에서 탄소섬유를 제조하여 리튬이온 이차전지 음극 활물질로 사용하여, 전지의 충$\cdot$방전 특성과 전기화학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 음극활물질 제조에 있어서 고려한 주요한 변수들은 탄화 열처리 온도(HTT : heat treatment temperature), 탄화시의 가스분위기와 안정화(stabilization)시 섬유 축방향으로 가해주는 장력이며, 제조된 탄소섬유의 물성 및 전기적 특성 역시 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 열처리 온도 범위는 $700^{\circ}C\~1500^{\circ}C$로서, 처리온도가 상승 할 수록 전도성은 비례하여 향상되었으나, 900"C 범위는 아직 낮은 전도성을 보였다. 또한 처리온도 증가에 따라 충 방전효율은 증가하는 반면, 충 방전용량은 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 탄화시의 가스 분위기에 따라서 제조되는 음극활물질의 전지특성에 영향을 받았다. 특히, 다른 가스 분위기 하에서 제조된 PAN계 전극들의 측정된 리튬이온의 확산계수 값은 전지의 충$\cdot$방전 특성과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 탄화시 서로 다른 가스분위기에서 탄소섬유 표면상에 형성된 다양한 기능기그룹(surface functional group)들이 리튬이온과의 비가역적 반응이 진행되는 사실을 간접적으로 확인하게 해준다. 산화분위기에서의 안정화시의 PAN섬유에 가해지는 장력은 가교 결합 중에 형성되는 분자의 배향을 유지시켜 주는 역할을 하는데, 안정화처리 후에도 섬유의 길이변화가 없는 장력조건 (fixed-length condition)에서 충 방전효율 및 용량과 사이클 안정성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2011

As part of the Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program an electrochemical technology employing molten salts is being developed for recycle of metallic fast reactor fuel and treatment of light water reactor oxide fuel to produce a feed for fast reactors. This technology has been deployed for treatment of used fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) in the Fuel Conditioning Facility, located at the Materials and Fuel Complex of Idaho National Laboratory. This process is based on dry (non-aqueous) technologies that have been developed and demonstrated since the 1960s. These technologies offer potential advantages compared to traditional aqueous separations including: compactness, resistance to radiation effects, criticality control benefits, compatibility with advanced fuel types, and ability to produce low purity products. This paper will summarize the status of electrochemical development and demonstration activities with used nuclear fuel, including preparation of associated high-level waste forms.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

Electroforming is the highly specialized use of electrodeposition for the manufacture of metal parts and basically a specialized form of electroplating. So, we can apply electrochemical system analysis for electroforming process. Electrochemical systems are concerned with the interplay between electricity and chemistry, namely the measurements of electrical quantities, such as current density, potential, and charge, and their relationship to chemical parameters. This paper based on the basic equations of electrics and electrochemical kinetics, was employed for a theoretical explanation of the current density distribution on electroforming process. We calculated current density distribution and potential distribution on cathode. Also, calculated current density distribution of vertical direction. It was shown that current density is related with distance of between anode and cathode and mass transfer process.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The effect of organic additives, 1-(3-sulfoproyl)-2-vinylpyridineium hydroxide (SVH) and thiourea (TU), on the precision copper electrodeposition was investigated with optical, electrochemical and x-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that SVH played a r ole as a n accelerator and TU as an i nhibitor during the electroreduction of cupric ions in acidic Cu electroplating solution. Through electrochemical measurements, TU showed more strong interaction with cupric ions than SVH and dominated overall Cu electroplating process when both additives were present in the solution. In the case of three dimensional Cu electrodeposition on the 20 ${\mu}m$-patterned Ni substrates, SVH controlled the upright growth of Cu electrodeposits and so determined its flatness, while TU prohibited the lateral spreading of Cu in the course of pulse-reverse pulse current adaptation. With microscopic observation, we obtained the optimum organic additives composition, that is, 100 ppm SVH and 200 ppm TU during the current pulsation.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2003년도 연료전지심포지움 2003논문집
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• pp.63-68
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• 2003

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2017

Due to the inaccuracy of micro-machining, various special processing methods have been investigated recently. Among them, pulse electrochemical machining is a promising machining method with the advantage of no residual stress and thermal deformation. Because the cross section of the wire electrode used in this study is circular, wire-pulse electrochemical machining is suitable for micro-hole machining. By applying the response surface methodology, the experimental plan was made of three factors and three levels: machining time, duty factor, and voltage. The regression equation was obtained through experiments. Then, by referring to the main effect diagram, we fixed the duty factor and machining time with little relevance, and solved the equation for the target 900 microns to obtain the voltage value. The results obtained from the response surface methodology were approximately those of the target value when the actual experiment was carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal conditions for hole processing can be obtained by the response surface methodology.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

Pyroprocessing is the optimal means of treating spent metal fuels from metal fast fuel reactors and is proposed as a potential option for GNEP in order to meet the requirements of the next generation fuel cycle. Currently, efforts for research and development are being made not only in the U.S., but also in Asian countries. Electrorefining, cathode processing by distillation, injection casting for fuel fabrication, and waste treatment must be verified by the use of genuine materials, and the engineering scale model of each device must be developed for commercial deployment. Pyroprocessing can be effectively extended to treat oxide fuels by applying an electrochemical reduction, for which various kinds of oxides are examined. A typical morphology change was observed following the electrochemical reduction, while the product composition was estimated through the process flow diagram. The products include much stronger radiation emitter than pure typical LWR Pu or weapon-grade Pu. Nevertheless, institutional measures are unavoidable to ensure proliferation-proof plant operations. The safeguard concept of a pyroprocessing plant was compared with that of a PUREX plant. The pyroprocessing is better adapted for a collocation system positioned with some reactors and a single processing facility rather than for a centralized reprocessing unit with a large scale throughput.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2023

We examined the martensitic transformation kinetics for metastable stainless steel during electrochemical polishing (EP) using different types of electrolytes. Martensite fraction measured with EBSD showed that the electrolyte with high relative permittivity exhibited comparably higher levels of martensitic transformation. The amount of charge build-up on the specimen surface during EP with different types of electrolytes was calculated using COMSOL multiphysics simulations to understand these phase transformation characteristics. The effect of charge build-up-induced stress was analyzed using previously published first-principles calculations. We discovered that the electrolyte with high relative permittivity accumulated a greater amount of charge build-up, resulting in a stronger driving force for stress-induced martensitic transformation.