• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2020

This study analyzes in detail greenhouse gas emissions in building sector. To this end, this study used data on building characteristics (including building type, region, and construction year) and monthly energy consumptions (including electricity, city gas, and district heat) for all buildings from 2015 to 2018. These data were collected from the National Building Energy Database and the energy consumptions were converted into greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total amount of GHG emissions from the building sector has increased steadily from 2015 (118.1MtCO2eq.) to 2018 (132.6MtCO2eq.). On the other hand, the more recently constructed buildings had lower GHG intensities. This result shows that strengthening building design criteria was effective on the reduction of GHG emissions in buildings, and that the increased buildings contributed to increasing GHG emissions of the building sector. In addition, sales facilities are thought to have the largest reduction potential as they had the highest amount of GHG emissions and GHG intensity. This study is expected to help establish new policies for GHG reduction in building sector as well as to evaluate the effects of existing policies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.915-922
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• 2017

Demand Response Market (DR Market) has risen as one of the key solutions to address the growth and fluctuation of electricity consumptions. In Korea, DR market has been in operation since 2014, where the focus has been mainly on large-scale loads. Small-scale DR market, however, is becoming increasingly important because small power consumers' contribution to the national power consumption has been increasing and because small loads tend to show large fluctuations. Furthermore, small-scale DR can improve social awareness on energy issues which can bring additional impacts. In this paper, we provide the findings from a small-scale consumer DR pilot. The pilot was conducted in the summer of 2016 on over 5,000 small-scale users in Korea, and smartphone applications were used in the pilot. The effectiveness of small-scale DR Market is analyzed and addressed, and the results indicate a promising future of small-scale DR Market.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Currently, the environmental issue is of great urgency and sensitivity to the future of our planet. Global warming caused by increased CO2 concentration has an alarming impact on the earth's fragile environment. Droughts throughout the world are causing crop failures. Wildfires now burn with far greater rage. Melting ice caps and glaciers are causing floods. Sea levels are rising. Warm unseasonable winters are threatening our fragile eco-systems. Global warming is no longer a theory; it is an obvious fact we are confronted with every day, and the only way we can prevent it is to take action now. The need to reduce CO2 emissions and try to become carbon neutral is of national importance and leadership. We have become so reliant on fossil fuels that nearly everything we do generates CO2 emissions; from our modern farming practices to transport, to the electricity used to turn on a light, boil water in a kettle or cook our meals. A reduction of 50% of CO2 emissions can easily be achieved by decreasing the energy amount used. We tracked the carbon footprint throughout the electricity and heating energy use in homes and confirmed the amount of carbon emissions according to its consumptions. In order to reduce the carbon generation from housing constructions, such as Passive House concept of buildings or low energy buildings, we must adjust its applications best fit to our conditions. And technical elements should be applied to improve our conditions, and the methodology should be actively sought. Most of all, each individual's recongnition who uses these elements is more important than any other solutions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest the characteristics and actual state of energy consumption by the analysis of energy consumption data in an office building. This study examines and analyzes daily and monthly energy consumption of an office building located in Seoul, Korea regarding type of load and business classification within a building. The results are as follows. 1) Energy consumption of office building for each type of load show similar consumption patterns, regardless of seasons such as cooling period and heating period. 2) Out of all annual energy consumption, consumption for lighting took about $43\;\%,$ general electric Power about $23\;\%,$ emergency power $25\;\%,$ computer center $5\;\%$ and cooling power $4\;\%,$ showing that the consumption for lighting was highest, and the percentage of energy consumption for cooling power for operation of cooling facilities took the lowest percentage. 3) Annual gas consumption used for heating and hot water supply were $38,\;36\;\%$ for officetel and office respectively, and $26\;\%$ for arcade. 4) Electricity consumptions used for cooling power for each use of building, office and officetel recorded in July and August of cooling seasons. Even though it shows different patterns for each month, energy consumption showed unique pattern throughout the cooling seasons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was $18.7kg{\cdot}CO_2$ in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.614-623
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• 2015

This study aims to estimate the Green-House-Gas emissions from domestic farmed flounder in the southern sea and Jeju-Do, where is mainly produced, by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions from domestic fish farms for establishing reduce standards of greenhouse gas from a sustainable perspective. It needs to analyze such GHG emission components as feed, electricity, fuel, fixed capital, fish respiration, and liquid oxygen in two locations by 4 stage running water type farm size of small, small and medium, large and medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emissions were $36.83kg{\cdot}CO_2/year$ in the southern sea and $24.33kg{\cdot}CO_2/year$ in Jeju-Do, respectively, in the stage of production per fish 1kg at 2 locations and farm size from domestic farmed flounders, and it will give to be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

We have developed a new energy-consuming monitoring system that has made it possible to measure the energy consumption of a gas scrubber, one of semiconductor processing equipments, and installed this system to the gas scrubber under operating at a manufacture site. Using this system, we have measured consumptions of electric power and processing gas consumed at standby to operating mode. In case of the gas scrubber, processing gas flows continuously into it at standby and operating mode. Therefore, if the electric power has been supplied, the processing gas can flows into the device for 24 hours. Moreover, at operating of gas scrubber, the amount of electricity consumption is 5 kWh. At Standby of gas scrubber, it spends 3kwh. It is certain that the energy consumption is greater at operating mode than at standby mode. The carbon emission rates from 24 hour gas scrubber operation are 236 $kgCO_2$/day of $N_2$, 57 $kgCO_2$/day of electric power and 0.001 $kgCO_2$/day of cooling water. Most of carbon is emitted from $N_2$ gas and electric power consumption.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Recently a new technology called the flexible-fiber deep-bed filter (FDF) claimed to replace the conventional sand filter including coagulation and sedimentation filter (CSF) processes in the water treatment plant. Therefore the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was applied for evaluating the life cycle impacts of FDF compared with those of CSF. The used LCA softwares were the Simapro 6 and PASS and their life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies were the Eco-indicator 99 and the Korean Eco-indicator, respectively. The goal of this LCA was to identify environmental loads of CSF and FDF from raw material to disposal stages. The scopes of the systems have been determined based on the experiences of existing CSF and FDF. The function was to remove suspended solids by filtration and the functional unit was $1\;m^3$/day. Both systems showed that most environmental impacts were occurred during the operation stage. To reduce the environmental impacts the coagulants and electricity consumptions need to be cut down. If the CSF was replaced with the FDF, the environmental impacts would be reduced in most of the impact categories. The LCA results of Korean Eco-indicator and Eco- indicator99 were quite different from each other due to the indwelling differences such as category indicators, impact categories, characterization factors, normalization values and weighting factors. This study showed that the life cycle assessment could be a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental impact of the new technology which was introduced in water treatment process.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of pipe network materials and distance on system performance utilizing unused energy sources in large-scale horticulture facility. For this, the modeling was performed with a 100 m long and 100 m wide rectangular shaped glass house having an area of 1ha ($10,000m^2$) using EnergyPlus software. The heat sources considered were air source, geothermal heat, power plant waste heat, sea water heat, and river water. The temperature variation of the fluid with regard to pipe material and distance from the heat source and the resultant heat pump electricity consumptions were calculated. It turned out that the fluid temperature reaching the heat pump increased as the distance from the heat source increased in case of sea water and river water, which have higher temperatures than the surrounding soil, improving the heat pump efficiency. It was vice versa in case of the power plant waste heat. In addition, pipe material of PVC showed the smallest effect on the system performance variation due to the lowest thermal conductivity, compared to PB and HDPE.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2009

Because of the heat island phenomenon and sea wind, there can be thermal conditions' differences around buildings at downtown and coastal area respectively in coastal city, like Busan, Incheon, Mokpo. For the final purpose of the buildings' energy saving design and operation considering of above mentioned environments differences, energy consumption including heating and cooling loads, electric loads are necessary to be accumulated and analyzed in as the database. As a part of this concept, this study aims to survey and analyze each loads of 22 apartments which has at least 100 households respectively and is located at Yeongdo island, Busan, Korea It is cleared that despite the residents living in this district can use sea wind as a natural ventilation and/or cooling methods, they mainly depends on the electric-driven air-conditioners for cooling with window-closed because of anti-salt problems of the sea wind. This leads the maximum power consumption of the surveyed-22-apartments to be appeared in August like that of inland buildings.