• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze architectural planning factors that could contribute to reductions in electricity consumption in the household of apartments, to apply energy saving methods at the design phase. These six architectural planning factors were orientation, building type (flat, tower block), standard floor access type (corridor access type, stair case type, EV hall access type), household location (floor), household opening type (one side opening, right angle opening, two sides opening or three sides opening), and bay on the facade (one bay, two bays, three bays, four bays), and these were derived from literature review. Household electricity consumption data were gathered from 2168 households with a total area of 135~150$m^2$ of 6 apartment complexes over 1000 households in Seoul. The annual characteristics of electricity consumption according to architectural planning factors were analyzed. And, variances between groups with respect to the mean of summer, winter, and annual electricity consumption according to each architectural planning factors were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that an annual electric energy saving of over 1000kWh was facilitated by these planning factors. In addition, high energy efficiency architectural planning factors based on the analysis were as follows: southwest orientation, flat type, corridor access type and staircase type, household loation below the 20th floor, two sides opening and three sides opening, and 2 bays and 3 bays.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

The efficiency of building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) system is mainly determined by solar radiation and the temperature of PV modules. The performance of BIPV systems is reported to be different from that of conventional PV systems installed in the open-air. This paper presents the relationship of solar radiation and electricity generation from a 2kWp roof-integrated PV system that is applied as building elements on an experimental house, and the energy saving effect of the BIPV system for a typical house. For the performance evaluation of the BIPV system, it produced a regression equation with measured data for winter days. The regression equation showed that a comparison of the measured electricity generation and the predicted electricity generation of the BIPV system were meaningful. It showed that an annual electricity generation of the system appeared to cover around 52% of an annual electricity consumption of a typical domestic house with the floor area of $96m^2$.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2017

This study quantitatively assessed the environmental impacts of fuel cell (FC) systems by performing life cycle assessment (LCA) and analyzed their energy efficiencies based on energy return on investment (EROI) and electrical energy stored on investment (ESOI). Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) system and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system were selected as the fuel cell systems. Five different paths to produce hydrogen ($H_2$) as fuel such as natural gas steam reforming (NGSR), centralized naptha SR (NSR(C)), NSR station (NSR(S)), liquified petroleum gas SR (LPGSR), water electrolysis (WE) were each applied to the FCs. The environmental impacts and the energy efficiencies of the FCs were compared with rechargeable batteries such as $LiFePO_4$ (LFP) and Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH). The LCA results show that MCFC_NSR(C) and PEMFC_NSR(C) have the lowest global warming potential (GWP) with 6.23E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity and 6.84E-02 kg $CO_2$ eq./MJ electricity, respectively. For the impact category of abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP), MCFC_NGSR(S) and PEMFC_NGSR(S) show the lowest impacts of 7.42E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity and 7.19E-01 g Sb eq./MJ electricity, respectively. And, the energy efficiencies of the FCs are higher than those of the rechargeable batteries except for the case of hydrogen produced by WE.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Purpose - The paper analyzes basic indicators characterizing the volume of energy sector activity in the Russian Federation, Privolzhsky Federal district, Republic of Tatarstan. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed data from the Privolzhsky Federal district, specifically, industrial production volume, electricity production, energy consumption, energy-balance data, capital investments, and capital investment structure. An array of data has been investigated in recent years. The dataset's dynamics were analyzed in 1998. Fixed capital investment dynamics were studied in 1946 the figures were converted to a comparable form using the index method. Trends were analyzed using multivariate statistics methods and the Statgraphics software package. Results - Hypothesis 1. There are sectoral disproportions in energy flows,taking into account the volume of electricity production and consumption. Trends in electricity production in general coincide with industrial production volume trends. Energy flows have disparities in individual territorial units, and in general. Hypothesis 2. The degree of sectoral economic stability decreases with insufficient levels of investment in fixed capital energy organizations. Conclusions - Because totalelectricity production is largely determined by fixed capital investments, the study of their trends and patterns will coordinate efforts on investment operations in this area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.413-426
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• 2009

Nuclear energy plays an important role in world energy production by supplying 6% of the world's current total electricity production. However, 86% of the energy consumed worldwide to produce industrial process heat, to generate electricity and to power the transportation sector still originates in fossil fuels. To cope with dwindling fossil fuels and climate change, it is clear that a clean alternative energy that can replace fossil fuels in these sectors is urgently required. Clean hydrogen energy is one such alternative. Clean hydrogen can play an important role not only in synthetic fuel production but also through powering fuel cells in the anticipated hydrogen economy. With the introduction of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) that can produce nuclear heat up to $950^{\circ}C$ without greenhouse gas emissions, nuclear power is poised to broaden its mission beyond electricity generation to the provision of nuclear process heat and the massive production of hydrogen. In this paper, the features and potential of the HTGR as the energy source of the future are addressed. Perspectives on nuclear heat and hydrogen applications using the HTGR are discussed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.255-257
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• 2007

Korea electricity market consists of two payment systems, capacity and energy. Capacity payments are given to the generators according to its hourly availability considering hourly and seasonal weighting factors. Energy payments are settled at the marginal generation cost based on generator variable cost. In 2007, base load energy market is closed and single capacity payment system is begun to apply in electricity market. In this revised market rule, energy price cap for base load generators is newly introduced. We analyze impact of market rule revision in 2007 on base load generators and suggest improvement scheme to enforce market system in this study.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.100-105
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• 1998

Along with fusion energy, photovoltaic solar energy conversion has long been considered as one of the few sustainable options for large scale energy supply in the future. In the past, commercial use has been restricted largely to remote area applications where conventional electricity is expensive. However, 1998 marked a year of transition where the major application of the cells changed to become generation of residential electricity in urban areas already supplied by the conventional grid. The current state of the technology is discussed as are major overseas programs to accelerate the urban residential use of photovoltaics, particularly in Japan, Europe and the United States, includng the "million roof" program in the latter. Finally, the planned use of photovoltaics in the Sydney 2000 Olympics is described, where the technology will be used to provide most of the electricity requirements of the 665 residences which will be a legacy of the Olympic Village.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2006

As an electricity industry transforms into a competitive system, an electricity market revolves into a combined market consisting of generation and operating reserve. This paper presents a market model combined by an energy market and an operating reserve market. In a competitive structure, Gencos strive to choose strategic bidding parameters that maximize total profit resulting from an energy market and a reserve market. The primary goal of the paper is to analyze power transactions of generation and operation reserve based on marginal profits and capacity limits at NE(Nash Equilibrium). In case studies, the reserve market and the energy market are compared at the n from the viewpoints of marginal profits, prices and transaction quantities. It is shown that the marginal profit in an energy market is equal to that in a reserve market, and Gencos strategic bidding is greatly influenced by capacity limit.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2000년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

Recently Korea has been achieved highly effective economic growth but it has triggered the high demands of Energy and it makes running out of energy. In addition to the recent oil shock has driven the republic of Korea in hot water. The main reason is that the most electricity production system is based on the heating generation. Accordingly, for the demands of domestic electricity, the generation of electricity(water power, heating power and atomic energy) should be constructed as a pending problem. Especially, the Korea which has very distinctive four seasons might have many problems to establish the generating systems. This study Provides the gate to be out of the energy Problem as a result of the construction of our proper generating systems.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2017

한국지역난방공사 SS지사에서는 시설용량 전기 99MW, 열 98Gcal/h 규모의 열병합(Combined Heat & Power) 발전소를 구역전기사업으로 운영하고 있다. 이 지역은 경기불황과 수요감소로 하절기 6~9월 사이에 잉여열 처리문제가 발생하여 발전기를 가동하기 곤란한 상황이므로 경제성 있는 에너지 신사업모델 개발이 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 이곳의 실제 운영자료를 기반으로 신재생 에너지 하이브리드 시스템을 도입하여 최적화 운영모델을 개발하고자 한다. 특히 신재생에너지 중에서도 입지제약이 작고 열과 전기를 동시에 생산할 수 있는 연료전지(Fuel Cell)발전과 대표적인 신재생에너지인 태양광(Photovoltaic)발전과 심야발전시 전력을 저장하여 주간에 전력을 방출 할 수 있는 ESS(Energy Storage System)의 조합을 검토하였다. 이에 따른 최적화 모델 선정은 HOMER(Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) 프로그램을 활용하였다. 경제성 분석을 수행한 결과, 순 현재비용(NPC) 측면에서는 기존의 99MW 열병합발전이 가장 경제적이지만 신재생에너지를 사용하여 발생되는 탄소배출권 거래와 REC(Renewable Energy Certificate) 거래를 포함한 측면에서는 99MW의 CHP와 5MW의 연료전지, 521kW의 태양광을 하이브리드 시켜서 전력과 열을 공급하는 것이 99MW의 CHP 열병합발전만으로 전력과 열을 공급하는 것보다 최대 2,475억원 경제적인 것으로 나타났다. 구역전기사업에서 최적화 공정모델로 연료전지와 신재생에너지 하이브리드 시스템을 도입함으로써 경제성을 개선시킬 수 있는 결과를 확인하였다.