• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.724-728
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• 2004

Several studies have shown that a low frequency stimulation can depress blood pressure in hypertension. We had developed a new auriculoelectrostimulator as an electronic blood pressure regulator for simple and easy stimulation. The new auriculoelectrostimulator was employed in hypertensive rat model induced by immobilization stress, diabetic and essential hypertensive rat models. Rats were stimulated by auriculoelectrostimulator at ear acupoint (Ear point for hypertension) bilaterally. Ear stimulation by auriculoelectrostimulator significantly decreased blood pressure in all hypertensive rat models and inhibited the increase of heart rates in stressed and spontaneous hypertensive rats. The results showed that auriculoelectrostimulator had depressive effects on hypertension in rat hypertensive models, suggesting that it is useful in treatment of hypertension.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2000

It has long been known that SOAT is effective for sudden palpitation occurring unexpectedly in Oriental Medicine. However, effect of SOAT on the isolated heart has not been studied yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat hearts induced by electrical stimulation using Langendorff perfusion apparatus for nonworking heart. SOAT extract was manufactured by water-alcohol precipitated method. Sprague-Dawley rats weighting $120{\sim}150g$ were used for the experiments, Subject animals were divided into four groups, which are consisted of 1) control(Group orally administered by normal saline 1ml for 14days), 2) sample A(Group orally administered by SOAT extract 1ml for 14days), 3) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 0.5ml after stimulation, 4) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 1ml after stimulation. To evluate the effects of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat heart induced by stimulation, heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume and ECG were measured using Langendorff apparatus in both stimulation mode(5 volts, 450 beats/min) and arrythmic mode(5 volts, 420 beats/min including 60 beats/min) The results obtained are as follows : 1. After receiving stressful electrical stimuli, isolated heart showed the heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume were all decreased temporarily, but perfusion continued longer recovery to the control state appeared. However, the coronary artery perfusion volume diminished continuously. 2. The heart rates did not change significantly with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, among experimental groups. 3. The left ventricular pressure showed with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, the significant changes(p<0.05) especially in the injection sample group. In case of stimulation mode, low concentration injection group(0.5ml) was more significantly increased rather than high concentration group(1ml) and in case of arrhythmic mode, high density group(1ml) was so increased than the other(0.5ml). 4. For the systolic power and diastolic power, no significant changes were noticed in the stimulation mode, but in the arrhythmic mode of injection sample groups, significant change(p<0.05) was noticed in both systolic power and diastolic power. Specially the high concentration group(1ml) showed more significant increase than the low concentration group. 5. For the coronary artery perfusion volume, no significant change difference among sample groups was observed in both the stimulation mode and the arrhythmic mode. 6. For the ECG recordings, arrhythmia was induced by electrical stimulus of arrythmia mode and after the stimulus was removed, irregular wave appeared temporarily, but as perpusion continued, recovery to the control state was abtained like the stimulation mode. According to the above results, SOAT significantly changed the hemodynamic data from the electrically stressed, isolated hearts of connected Langendorff perfusion apparatus and we propose SOAT has the direct effects on the muscular function of heart.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

절연보호막 처리된 Al-1%Si 박막배선에서 DC와 PDC 조건하에서의 Electromigration 현상에 관하여 조사하였다. $SiO_2$와 PSG/$SiO_2$ 절연보호막 층을 갖는 박막배선은 표준 사진식각 공정으로 제작되었고, 테스트라인 길이는 100, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 $\mu\textrm{m}$이다. Al-l%Si 박막배선에 고정된 전류밀도 $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$의 DC와 duty factor가 0.5인 1Hz의 주파수에 고정된 전류밀도 $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$의 PDC를 인가하였다. Electromigration 테스트에서 PSG/$SiO_2$ 절연보호막 시편의 Electromigration 저항성이 $SiO_2$ 절연보호막 시편보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다. PDC 에서 박막 배선의 수명이 DC 보다 2-4배 정도 길게 나타났으며, 박막 배선의 길이가 증가 할 수록 수명이 감소하다가 임계길이 이상에서 포화되는 경향을 보인다. Electromigration에 의한 결함 형태로는 전기적 개방을 야기시키는 보이드와 전기적 단락을 야기시키는 힐록이 지배적이다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

송변전설비들이 점점 중부하로 운용되어짐에 따라 송전용량이 전력회사에서 중요한 문제로 부각되어 왔다. 한전 시스템의 경우 전체송전용량은 주로 전압 안정도에 의해 제한을 받고 있으며, 이의 향상을 위한 연구들이 계속하여 수행되어 오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 전압안정도 관점에서의 전체송전용량을 향상시키기 위하여 STATCOM 설비를 설치하는 위치를 효과적으로 선택하기 위한 송전용량지수가 제시된다. 이 지수를 소규모 전력시스템인 IEEE 39모선 시스템에 적용하여 제시된 지수의 효과를 보여준다. 그리고, 이 소규모 시스템을 활용하여 부하가 증가할 때 전체송전용량에 전압안정도뿐 만이 아니라 과도안정도가 미치는 영향을 분석한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2002

염류장애에 의한 작물의 생육저해 원인을 밝혀내기 위하여 상추를 대조양액과 대조양액에 30 mM 및 50 mM $KNO_3$를 첨가하여 염류농도를 높인 양액 등 3가지 조건에서 재배하였으며, 이때 이들 양액의 EC는 각각 1.0, 4.5, 6.5 dS/m 이었다. 뿌리세포의 원형질막 및 액포막에 위치한 $H^+$-ATPase 활성은 각각에 특이적 저해제인 vanadate와 $NO_3^-$를 이용하여 측정하였다. 대조양액에서 재배한 상추 뿌리의 ATPase 활성은 $356\pm1.5$ nmol/min/mg protein이었으며, 30 mM과 50 mM $KNO_3$를 첨가한 양액에서는 활성이 대조활성에 비하여 각각 1.6배, 1.9배 증가하였다. 이것은 상추가 염류장애시 뿌리조직의 ATPase 활성증가를 통하여 적응함을 보여주는 것이며, 활성증가는 주로 액포막 $H^+$-ATPase 활성증가에 의해 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 마이크로솜 ATPase 활성에 미치는 여러 가지 중금속 이온들의 효과를 측정하였으며, 중금속 이온은 100 ${\mu}M$ 농도에서 콩류에 따라 활성을 10$\sim$25% 저해하였다. 특히, $Cu^{2+}$는 주로 액포막 $H^+$-ATPase 활성을 저해함을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 상추는 염류집적 환경에서 뿌리의 ATPase 활성, 특히 액포막에 위치한 $H^+$-ATPase 활성을 증가시켜 적응하며, $Cu^{2+}$는 주로 액포막 $H^+$-ATPase 활성을 저해하는 성분으로 뿌리의 ATPase 활성변화 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.