• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2021

To comply with CE marking requirements, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and low-voltage directive (LVD) tests are conducted on the sub-racks of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) AC/DC converters and bypass switches. The EMC tests consist of a series of tests, including the electromagnetic interference test, the electromagnetic field immunity test, and the rapid transient burst immunity test. In the LVD test, the electric shock protection test, the xcessive temperature limit and heat resistance of equipment tests, and the fire spread prevention test are performed. This work presents and reviews the European Directive for EMC/LVD and introduces the methods of EMC and LVD tests for the sub-racks of AC/DC converters and bypass switches. It also evaluates the test method and results to meet the European Directive requirements for CE marking. The sub-racks of ITER AC/DC converters and bypass switches successfully pass the EMC and LVD tests.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of procine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer, The porcine ear cell was cultured in vifro for confluency in serum-starvation condition (TCM-199＋0.5% FBS) for cell confluency. The zona pellucida of IVM oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed embryos were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After electric fusion, the embryos were activated and cultured in NCSU-23 medium containing 10% FBS at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 6 to 8 days. Nuclear transferred(NT) oocytes which fused at a field strength of 1.90kv/cm showed a higher (P<0.05) fusion rate(49.5%, 50/101) compared to 2.10 kv/cm(25.8%, 24/93) or 2.50kv/cm(30.3%, 27/89). After electric activation, the cleavage rate of NT embryos was 48.0(24/50), 66.6(16/24) and 70.3% (19/27), respectively and these were not different. There was no significant difference in fusion rate by duration and pulse of electric stimulation. In cleavage rate, however, more NT embryos(76.3%, 45/59) cleaved at 60 $\mu$sec twice than other embryos(49.1 to 56.5%) with different conditions of electric stimulation(P<0.05). NT embryos activated at a field strength of 1.50kv/cm showed a higher developmental rate(9.8%, 5/51) than those embryos activated at 1.25kv/cm(0%) or parthenotes(6.4%, 7/109). These results suggest that some factors such as field strength, duration and pulse of electric stimulation could be affected to in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted porcine embryos.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of caprine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Recipient oocytes were surgically collected after superovulation by using CIDR and FSH, PMSG, hCG and estrous synchronization in Korean native goats. The caprine ear cells were cultured in vitro in serum-starvation condition (TCM-l99 + 0.5% FBS) for 3 to 5 days of cell confluence. The zona pellucida of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After the electofusion, embryos were activated by electric stimulation or Ionomycin + 6-DMAP. Nuclear transfer embryos were cultured in mSOF medium supplemented with 0.8% BSA 6∼7 days at 39 , 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. The fusion rate of donor cells was 60.4% and 40.3 % in ear cell and fetal fibroblast, and cleavage rate were 40.6% and 48.2%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the fusion and cleavage rate in different donor cells. Nuclear transferred oocytes were fused by electric pulses of 1.30∼1.40, 2.30∼2.39 and 2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm. There was no significant difference among different electric pulses in fusion rates (26.7, 34.8 and 43.8%). The cleavage rate was higher (p<0.05) in 1.30∼1.40 ㎸/cm (82.9%) than 2.30∼2.39 ㎸/cm (43.8%) and 2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm. (51.8%). The fusion rates of recipient oocyte source were 1st (43.5% and 23.6%), 2nd (55.7％ and 39.2%) and 3rd (66.1% and 52.8%) in in vivo and in vitro oocytes. However, fusion ratee were significantly higher (p<0.05) in in vivo than in vitro oocyte. The cleavage rate of fused oocytes from in vivo and in vitro sources were 52.6% and 54.4%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the cleavage rate according to the recipient oocyte source. These results suggest that factors such as field pulse of electric stimulation and oocyte source could affect in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted caprine oocytes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) piping, which has recently been applied to safety class III piping in nuclear power plants, can be butt-joined through the thermal fusion process, which heats two fused surfaces and then subject to axial pressure. The thermal fusion process generates bead shapes on the butt fusion. The stress concentrations caused by the bead shapes may reduce the fatigue lifetime. Thus, investigating the effect of the thermal butt fusion beads on fatigue behavior is necessary. This study examined the fatigue behavior of thermal butt fusion via a tensile fatigue test under stress-controlled conditions using finite element elastic stress analysis. Based on the results, the presence of thermal butt fusion beads was confirmed to reduce the fatigue lifetime in the low-cycle fatigue region while having a negligible effect in the medium- and high-cycle fatigue regions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of AC field on the protoplast of plant cells. The results of investigation will be the basis for the development of etectric cell fusion device. For the experiment, we made the electrode and AC and DC pulse generator and observed the behavior of the protoplasts through the inverted microscope which is connected to the monitor and video recorder by the CCD camera. As a result, the numbers of rotating, moving and destructed protoplasts and viability of the protoplasts have close relation to the amplitude of AC field, while the rotation rate is closely related to the frequency of AC pulse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.549-555
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• 2003

The technology of machine condition monitoring is used effectively to detect the machine faults at an early stage using different machine quantities, such as current, voltage, temperature and vibration. Induction motors are most widely used to drive pumps, compressors and fans in industrial drives. This paper presents approach to data fusion using Dempster-Shafer theory because only one technique has uncertainty. So we can obtain advanced accuracy of the machine fault diagnosis. Vibration and current quantities are applied to diagnose three-phase induction motor.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 1995

The fusion rates of nuclear transplant embryos with various DC voltage were 55.6-79.2%. The significantly higher fusion rates of nuclear transplant embryos were achieved at the electric field strenght of DC 1.0-2.0kV/cm(72.0-79.2%) than DC 0.75kV/cm(55.6%, P<0.05). No significant differences in the percentage of embryos that cleaved(48.1, 55.4 and 42.6% respectively) and the percentage of cleaved embryos that developed to morulae/blastocyst(1.9, 5.3 and 1.9% respectively) could be found among the three types of in vitro culture system (Granulosa cell, BOEC co-culture and SOF, P>0.01). The age of the recipient cytoplast(30 vs 40hr) had no effect on the fusion rates and the rates of cleavage development(36.9 vs 44.1%, P>0.01).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1336-1338
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• 1994

Cell fusion device is an artificial equipment which fuses electrically two types of cells fed from the respective micropump to the fusion chamber by electric pulses. In this case, the detective sensor of flowing cell, along with passage, is required to control the time of pulses applied to cell and the injection of cells which are fed from inlet to micropump. There are two methods of detection of flowing cell; optical, impedance method. The difference of output for optical sensor is about 426mV for 805nm wavelength. about 37mV for 665nm wavelength. In impedance method, sensor output is 132.33mV at middle point and 117.10mV at edge point in the channel. Experimental results show that the optimal frequency range of sensor output is Iron 50Hz to 400Hz.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.3681-3685
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• 2012

We developed a simple and effective method for the SERS-based detection of protein-small molecule complexes and label-free proteins using avidin-induced silver aggregation. Upon excitation with light of the appropriate wavelength (633 and 532 nm), the aggregated silver nanoparticles generate a strong electric field that couples with the resonance of the molecules (atto610 and cytochrome c), increasing the characteristic signals of these molecules and resulting in sensitive detection. The detection limit of biotin with the proposed method is as low as 48 ng/mL. The most important aspect of this method is the induction of silver aggregation by a protein (avidin), which makes the silver more biocompatible. This technique is very useful for the detection of protein-small molecule complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

By using LED optical devices and improving the efficiency of optical devices as well as lighting apparatus for humans, LED lighting industry puts the purpose of manufacturing the main products related with information, electric, large-sized LCD BLU, automobile, shipbuilding, agriculture, medical treatment, environment, and telecommunications, etc. Moreover, the main products and the industrial lighting products are manufactured with fusion, as the result, LED lighting industry provides various effects as well as sources of technology based on practical use of LED technology in order to develop the industry from the perspective of the lower price, the higher efficiency, the higher function, the deeper reliance. In the future, not only the development of new LED technology but also the fusion and combination of digital IT technologies using wire-wireless communication, sensor, controller, and artificial intelligence will be expected to create new industrial fields.