• 제목/요약/키워드: Electric Power Loads

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A Stable Black-Start Strategy for a Stand-Alone DC Micro-Grid

  • Cha, Jae-Hun;Han, Yoon-Tak;Park, Kyung-Won;Oh, Jin-Hong;Choi, Tae-Seong;Ko, Jae-Hun;MAHIRANE, Philemon;An, Jae-Yun;Kim, Jae-Eon
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2018
  • Unlike an AC system, a DC system does not cause problems with synchronization, stability, reactive power, system losses, and cost. However, more research is still required for the application of DC Systems. This paper proposes a stable black-start strategy for a stand-alone DC micro-grid, which consists of an energy storage system, photovoltaic generator, wind-turbine generator, diesel generator, and DC loads. The proposed method is very important for avoiding inrush current and transient overvoltage in the power system equipment during restoration after a blackout. PSCAD/EMTDC software was used to simulate, analyze, and verify the method, which was found to be stable and applicable for a stand-alone DC micro-grid.

Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
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    • v.2
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

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Estimation on Heating and Cooling Loads for a Multi-Span Greenhouse and Performance Analysis of PV System using Building Energy Simulation (BES를 이용한 연동형 온실의 냉·난방 부하 산정 및 PV 시스템 발전 성능 분석)

  • Lee, Minhyung;Lee, In-Bok;Ha, Tae-Hwan;Kim, Rack-Woo;Yeo, Uk-Hyeon;Lee, Sang-Yeon;Park, Gwanyong;Kim, Jun-Gyu
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.258-267
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    • 2017
  • The price competitiveness of photovoltaic system (PV system) has risen recently due to the growth of industries, however, it is rarely applied to the greenhouse compared to other renewable energy. In order to evaluate the application of PV system in the greenhouse, power generation and optimal installation area of PV panels should be analyzed. For this purpose, the prediction of the heating and cooling loads of the greenhouse is necessary at first. Therefore, periodic and maximum energy loads of a multi-span greenhouse were estimated using Building Energy Simulation(BES) and optimal installation area of PV panels was derived in this study. 5 parameter equivalent circuit model was applied to analyzed power generation of PV system under different installation angle and the optimal installation condition of the PV system was derived. As a result of the energy simulation, the average cooling load and heating load of the greenhouse were 627,516MJ and 1,652,050MJ respectively when the ventilation rate was $60AE{\cdot}hr^{-1}$. The highest electric power production of the PV system was generated when the installation angle was set to $30^{\circ}$. Also, adjustable PV system produced about 6% more electric power than the fixed PV system. Optimal installation area of the PV panels was derived with consideration of the estimated energy loads. As a result, optimal installation area of PV panels for fixed PV system and adjustable PV system were $521m^2$ and $494m^2$ respectively.

Controller Optimization for Bidirectional Power Flow in Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems

  • Chung, Il-Yop;Liu, Wenxin;Cartes, David A.;Cho, Soo-Hwan;Kang, Hyun-Koo
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.750-759
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    • 2011
  • This paper focuses on the control of bidirectional power flow in the electric shipboard power systems, especially in the Medium-Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) shipboard power system. Bidirectional power control between the main MVDC bus and the local zones can improve the energy efficiency and control flexibility of electric ship systems. However, since the MVDC system contains various nonlinear loads such as pulsed power load and radar in various subsystems, the voltage of the MVDC and the local zones varies significantly. This voltage variation affects the control performance of the bidirectional DC-DC converters as exogenous disturbances. To improve the control performance regardless of uncertainties and disturbances, this paper proposes a novel controller design method of the bidirectional DC-DC converters using $L_1$ control theory and intelligent optimization algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is verified via large-scale real-time digital simulation of a notional shipboard MVDC power system.

Electrical Charateristics of Step-down Piezoelectric Transformer

  • Shin Hoonbum;Ahn HyungKeun;Han Deuk-Young
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.47-51
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    • 2001
  • In this paper, we have explained electrical characteristics of a step-down Rosen type piezoelectric transformer for AC-adapter. When the electric voltage is applied to the driving piezoelectric vibrator polarized in the longitudinal direction, then output voltage is generated at the generating piezoelectric vibrator polarized in the thickness direction due to the piezoelectric effects. From the piezoelectric direct and converse effects, symbolic expressions between the electric inputs and outputs of the step-down piezoelectric transformer have derived with an equivalent circuit model. With the symbolic expressions, load and frequency characteristics have discussed through simulation. Output voltage and current from a 11-layered and a 13-layered piezoelectric transformers were measured under the various conditions of loads and frequencies. First we measured resonant frequency from impedance curve and got equivalent impedance value of the piezoelectric transformer from admittance plot. It was shown from experiments that output voltage has increased and resonant frequency has changed according to various resistor loads. Output current has decreased inversely proportional to changing of loads. Moreover, the measured values of output voltage and current are well agreed with the simulated values of the proposed equivalent circuit model.

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Time-varying Harmonics Measurement and Assessment of the Electric Arc Furnace Loads (시간에 따라 변하는 전기로 부하의 고조파 측정 및 평가)

  • Kim, Kyung-Chul;Jin, Seong-Eun;Park, Sang-Young;Lee, Joo-Hong;Lee, Il-Moo;Jeon, Young-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2006
  • Large steel industries have nonlinear loads including electric arc furnaces and harmonic field measurements have shown that harmonic content of a waveform varies with time. Since the large loads are supplied from the power system grid, it must be recognized that not only will the system of utility be impacted, but neighboring customer system could be impacted as well. In this paper time-varying harmonics are evaluated by international harmonic standards IEEE Std. 519 and IEC 61000-3-6 using a cumulative probablistic approach.

Test and Fabrication of the 1MJ Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (1MJ급 초전도에너지저장시스템 제작 및 평가)

  • Kim, H.J.;Seong, K.C.;Cho, J.W.;Kim, S.W.;Bae, J.H.;Lee, E.Y.;Kwon, Y.K.;Ryu, K.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.685-687
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    • 2002
  • For several decades researches and developments on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system have been done for efficient electric power management. Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute(KERI) have developed of a 1MJ. 300kVA SMES System for improving power quality in sensitive electric loads. We developed the code for design of a SMES magnet. which could find the parameters of the SMES magnet having minimum amount of superconductors for the same stored energy. and designed the 1MJ SMES magnet by using it. This paper describes the design. fabrication and experimental results for the SMES magnet. cryostat, HTS current lead and power converter.

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Fabrication and Test of a 1 MJ Superconducting Energy Storage System for the Sensitive Load (민감부하 보상용 1 MJ 초전도 에너지저장 시스템 제작 및 시험)

  • 성기철;유인근;한성룡;정희종
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2001
  • For several decades researches and development on superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES) system have been done for efficient electric power management. Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) have developed of a 1MJ , 300kVA SMES System for improving power quality in sensitive electric loads. It consists of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) based power conversion module. NbTi mixed matrix conductor superconducting magnet and a cryostat with HTS current leads. We developed the code fro design of a SMES magnet. Which could find the parameters of the SMES magnet having minimum amount of superconductors for the same store denerby. and designed the 1 MJ SMES magnet by using it . And we have design and fabricated cryostat with kA class HTS current leads for a 1 MJ SMES System. This paper describes the design fabrication and test results for a 1MJ SMES System.

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Development of a 3MJ/750kV A SMES System

  • Kim Hae-Jong;Seong Ki-Chul;Cho Joon-Wook;Bae Joon-Han;Sim Ki-Deo;Ryu Kyung-Woo;Kime Sang-Hyun
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 2005
  • Research and development on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system have been done to realize efficient electric power management for several decades. Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) has developed a 3MJ/750kV A SMES system to improve power quality in sensitive electric loads. It consists of an IGBT based power converter, NbTi mixed matrix Rutherford cable superconducting magnet, and a cryostat with HTS current leads. A computer code was developed to find the parameters of the SMES magnet which has minimum amount of superconductors for the same stored energy, and the 3MJ SMES magnet was designed based upon that. This paper describes the fabrication and experimental results of a 3MJ/750kV A SMES system.

Power demand pattern analysis for electric appliances in residential and commercial building (주택 및 사무용 빌딩 내 전기기기의 전력 수요 패턴 분석)

  • Noh, Sung-Jun;Lee, Soon-Jeong;Lee, Sang-Woo;Kim, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.30 no.A
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2010
  • Recently, Smart Grid is a emerging topic in power and communication industry. Smart Grid refers to a evolution of the electricity supply infrastructure that monitors, protects, and intelligently optimize the operation of the interconnected elements including various type of generators, power grid, building/home automation system and end-use consumers. In order to successful implementation of Smart Grid, energy management function will be the key factor that coordinates and optimally controls the various loads according to the operating condition and environments, and the load patterns in residential and commercial building will be required as fundamental element for load management. In this study, we collects many types of energy usage data of electric appliances, analyze their load curves, and make the general load patterns for electrical appliance.

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