• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.118-134
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• 2021

In this study, we provide trends on alternative fuel vehicles promoted by postal agencies in 10 countries in North America, the EU, and Asia. It describes the specifications of most EV vehicles in operation, plans, and strategies to replace existing internal combustion engines with new vehicles in the future and provides the current status of alternative vehicle charging networks in each postal agency. This paper will help postal agencies, logistics companies, automobile companies, motorcycle companies, and even individuals who want to use vehicles with alternative fuels, such as electric vehicles, on strategies to establish and implement before introducing and operating the vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2017

This study developed an electric power propulsion personal watercraft by combining a battery and an electric system from the domestic automobile industry with water motorcycle from marine leisure industry in a convergence of technology. It also developed a safety inspection plan and type approval standard for personal watercraft that use electric power propulsion. For the registration and production of the electric power PWC (Personal Watercraft), a safety inspection standard (draft) and type approval standard (draft) have been established. PWC that use this electric power propulsion certification standard have been divided into two categories according to the use of gasoline engines as related to the ship's electrical system. The contents of these safety inspections standards is divided into 7 categories, and their purpose is to confirm the facilities used for the safe operation of PWC. Type approval is divided into 7 categories and is intended to ensure the safe production of PWC. This is basic data can be used to establish criteria for safety inspection and type approval of electric power propulsion vessels and to guide the production of the environmentally friendly PWC in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to head injuries among drivers of personal mobility devices and provide insights into safety perceptions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of 221 trauma patients obtained from electronic medical records and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) over one year, from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. The patients, all in their 20s and 30s, presented to a single emergency medical center following personal mobility device accidents (motorcycles, electric scooters, and bicycles). Results: Among motorcycle riders, 18.2% were not wearing helmets, while the percentage of e-scooter riders not wearing helmets was 87.5%. Wearing a helmet was associated with a 71.2% lower likelihood of head injuries (OR=0.288, CI=0.163 to 0.509, p=0.000). Of the personal mobility devices, motorcycles had a 0.431 times lower odds ratio for head injury compared to e-scooters (p=0.009), and there was no significant difference between e-scooters and bicycles (p=0.776). Conclusion: It is imperative to strengthen safety regulations by mandating helmet use for riders of personal mobility devices. A system to enhance driving enforcement for electric scooters, which are increasingly popular among young adults, should also be established.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2021

To respond to the threat of global warming, countries around the world are promoting the spread of renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions. In accordance with the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal to combat climate change and its impacts, global automakers are pushing for a full transition to electric vehicles within the next 10 years. Electric vehicles can be a useful means for reducing carbon emissions, but in order to reduce carbon generated in the stage of producing electricity for charging, a power generation system using eco-friendly renewable energy is required. In this study, we propose a smart electric mobility operating system integrated with off-grid solar power plants established in Tanzania, Africa. By applying smart monitoring and communication functions based on Arduino-based computing devices, information such as remaining battery capacity, battery status, location, speed, altitude, and road conditions of an electric vehicle or electric motorcycle is monitored. In addition, we present a scenario that communicates with the surrounding independent solar power plant infrastructure to predict the drivable distance and optimize the charging schedule and route to the destination. The feasibility of the proposed system was verified through test runs of electric motorcycles. In considering local environmental characteristics in Tanzania for the operation of the electric mobility system, factors such as eco-friendliness, economic feasibility, ease of operation, and compatibility should be weighed. The smart electric mobility operating system proposed in this study can be an important basis for implementing the SDGs' climate change response.