• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1989

Agricultural materials do not react in a purely elastic manner, and their responses when subjected to stress and strain are appeared from a combination of elastic and viscous behavior. Various researchers have studied the mechanical and rheological properties of the many agricultural materials, but those properties are available mostly foreign varieties of agricultural products. Rheological properties of rice seedlings become important to formulate the principles governing their mechanical behavior. The objectives of this study were to experimentally determine the stress relaxation properties of rice seedlings such as three Japonica-type and one Indica ${\times}$ Japonica hybrid in the transplanting age. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The stress relaxation behavior could be described by the generalized Maxwell model. 2. The phenomenon of stress relaxation happened abruptly just after loading and this phenomenon weakened with the loading time lapsed. 3. With increase of the initial stress, the stress relaxation intensity and residual stress increased, while the relaxation time was constant with increased, while the relaxation time was constant with increase of the level of initial stress. 4. With increase of loading rate, the stress relaxation intensity increased, while the relaxation time and residual stress decreased.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

To assess a creep life of elevated temperature plant components, inspections and analysis are usually focused on the critical locations. In this study, stress analysis of a weld region in branch part of Y-piece was conducted by using a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The stresses at the inner and outer surface in the weld part were estimated by using elastic and elastic-creep analysis. For the elastic-creep analysis two kinds of elastic-creep analysis was conducted. The one was assumed that base and weld material properties were same and the other was that material properties were different between base and weld metal. The material properties of base and weld metal were used from reference data. The results showed the stress relaxation level and its location. The result stresses are also compared with elastic stresses.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 1999

미가교 천연고무의 응력완화와 탄성복원에 대한 카본블랙의 영향을 조사하였다. 카본블랙의 형태가 보다 작고 높은 구조의 특징을 가질 때 응력완화는 더 지연되었고 탄성복원은 더 활발하였다. 이 결과는 결합고무의 크기, 즉 천연고무와 카본블랙의 상호작용의 크기에 기인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2017

This work presents a new strategy to model stress dependent relaxation process in large deformation. The strategy is relied on the fact that in some particular soft materials undergoing large deformation, e.g., elastomers, rubbers and soft tissues, the relaxation time depends strongly on stress levels. To simplify the viscoelastic model, we consider that the relaxation time is the function of previous elastic deviatoric stress state experienced by materials during loading. Using the General Maxwell Model (GMM), we simulate numerically conditions with the constant and the stress dependent relaxation time for uniaxial tension and compression loading. Hence, it can be shown that the proposed model herein not only can represent different relaxation time for different stress level but also maintain the capability of the GMM to model hysteresis phenomena.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.495-502
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• 1998

Y.C. Fung[1]에 의한 연조직의 점탄성에 관한 수학적 모델이론 (Fung's Quasi-linear vlscoelastic theory)을 이용하여 인간의 인두조직의 점탄성(vlscoelatlcity)특성을 측정하기 위하여 반복성하중(cyclic load) ,응력완화 (tensile stress relaxation), incremental load, 그리고 일축성인장 (uniaxial tensile) 시험 등을 실시하였다. 실험적으로 측정한 인두조직의 점탄성특성이 이미 조사된 다른 조직의 점탄성특성과 정량적으로 비교되었다. 인두조직의 점탄성특성의 정량화를 위하여 Y.C.Fung의 수학적 모델이 적용되었는데 응력완화(tensile stress relaxation) 시험 측정결과로부터 도출된 표준화된 응력완화(reduced stress relaxation)함수 G(t)와 일축성인장(uniaxial tensile)시험에서 도출된 탄성반응(elastic response)함수 5(t)를 이용하여 시간에 따른 응력의 궤적을 산출하여 이를 반복성 하중(cyclic load)실험에서 측정된 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 이러한 인두조직의 점탄성특성에 관한 연구결과는 향후 유한요소를 이용한 인두의 생체역학적 모델의 기본 데이터로 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-170
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• 2003

Thermal elastic-plastic analysis was performed to assess the initial residual stress distribution of welded joints considering temperature dependent material properties. The test model was the idealized boxing fillet specimen, frequently appeared in the joints of longitudinal and transverse members of ship structure. Residual stress relaxations due to external loads were analyzed by subsequent elastic-plastic analysis considering loading and unloading steps, and the characteristics of residual stress relaxations were discussed with the levels of external loads. Additionally, to define the fatigue life of crack initiation and propagation, the S-N data for each crack length were appraised.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2018

When designing high temperature piping system, creep phenomena must be considered. Since ASME code does not provide detailed methods of design by rule (DBR) for high temperature piping, Finite element analysis should be performed. However, In the case of piping system with frequent design changes, creep analysis of the entire piping system for every change is ineffective and practically impossible. Therefore, based on elastic and elastic-plastic analysis, which takes a relatively short time, the creep stress is predicted by using elastic follow-up factor method provided in R5 code and plastic-creep analogy presented by Hoff. The predicted creep stress for a virtual piping system was compared with the creep analysis result and the two results showed similar stress relaxation tendency in time.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

비뉴톤 점탄성 Maxwell 요소와 탄성 스프링으로 이루어진 3 요소 비뉴톤 모델로부터 응력완화 식을 유도하였다. 이 식을 응력완화 실험 결과에 적용하여 여러 가지 모델 파라메타를 계산하였다. 모델 파라메타로부터 계산한 이론 곡선은 실험적인 응력완화 곡선과 잘 일치하였다. 비선형 점탄성 모델 파라메타로부터 섬유고분자 물질의 홀부피, 미세구조, 점탄성성질, 역학적인 성질 등을 연구하였다. 응력완화 실험은 용매기를 부착한 인장 시험기를 사용하였으며, 시료는 두 종류의 polyacrylonitrile-polyvinylchloride 공중합체와 또 다른 두 종류의 PVC 모노 필라멘트 섬유를 여러 온도의 공기와 물속에서 응력완화 실험을 하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.216-218
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• 2003

Most of ferrous b.c.c weld materials may experience martensitic transformation during rapid cooling after welding. And it is well known that volume expansion due to phase transformation could influence in the case of welding of high tensile strength steels on the relaxation of welding residual stress. To apply this effect practically, it is a prerequisite to establish a numerical model which is able to estimate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation quantitatively. In this study, we investigated the effect of phase transformation on the relaxation of welding residual stress through experiment. And three-dimensional thermal elastic-plastic FEM analysis is conducted to compare the effect of phase transformation on the relaxation of welding residual stress in high strength steels(POSTEN60, POSTEN80) with analytical results which is not considering the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation. According to the results, the extents of welding residual stress relaxation due to phase transformation in the case of welding of POSTEN60, POSTEN80 are 0.85 $\sigma$/$\sigma$$\sub$Y0/, 0.75$\sigma$/$\sigma$$\sub$Y0/, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1991

Rice plants are subjected to various forces such as natural force of wind and mechanical force of cultivating machines. Rheological behavior of the rice stem can be expressed in terms of three variables : stress, relaxation and time. The objectives of this study are to examine stress relaxation, creep and recovery characteristics on the rice stem in case of axial and radial loading. Stress relaxation with time was studied on three levels of loading rate and on four levels of applied stress. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The hysterisis losses of the rice stem distinctly observed at the radial compression in comparison with axial compression. The hysterisis loss implied that the stem to absorbed energy without being deformed beyond the yield point. 2. Ageneralized Maxwell model consisting of three elements gave a good description of the relaxation behavior of the rice stem. Rate of loading was more significant on the observed relaxation behavior within the short relaxation time, but there were little influences of rate of loading on the relaxation time. 3. The stress relaxation intensity and the residual stress increased in magnitude as the applied stress increased, but the relaxation time was little affected by the applied stress. 4. The coefficients of the stress relaxation model showed much differences in the radial compression and the axial compression, especially the higher relaxation stress of the third element was observed in the radial compression. 5. The behaviors of rice stem in creep and recovery test also might be represented by a four element Burger's model. But the coefficients of the creep model were different from those of the recovery model. 6. The steady-state phenomena of creep appeared at the stress larger than 20 MPa in Samkang and 1.8 MPa in Whajin. 7. The elastic modulus of the stem showed the range from 40 to 60 MPa. It could be considered, as a result, the rice stems had viscoelastic properties.