• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2007

This paper is research results of investigating the elastic settlement behavior of the coastal caisson structure built on the sandy deposit by comparing results of centrifuge model experiments and those of existing methods of estimating elastic settlement. Basic soil property tests such as specific gravity test, grain size distribution test and organic content test with disturbed soil sampled from the site were carried out. The centrifuge experiment of model satisfying the required design criteria was performed under 50 of artificial accelerated gravitational force condition. The Centrifuge model experimental results were compared and analyzed with the current methods of estimating settlement based on the elastic modulus obtained from the results of odeometer tests and empirical methods from literature reviews.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

사질지반에서 제안식에 의한 침하량 예측시 사용되는 주된 입력 물성치는 표준관입시험에 의한 N치이다. N치는 침하량의 예측치에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소이기 때문에 침하량 예측시 적절한 N치의 산정이 이루어질 때 예측 침하량의 정확성이 확보된다. 그러나, N치가 50/30이상인 지반의 경우 N치는 30cm 관입시 타격수를 기록하는 것이 아니라 50회 타격시 롯드의 관입량을 기록하고 있다. 이러한 경우 침하량 예측시 N치를 50으로 사용할 경우 그 결과의 신뢰성이 결여된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지반의 N치가 50/30이상인 경우 N치의 보정과 보정 N치를 이용한 Elastic Theory 예측치와 평판재하시험에 의한 실측치를 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과 보정 N치를 사용한 경우 보정하지 않은 N치를 사용한 경우에 비해 실측치에 대해 높은 정확성을 보였다. 또한, 순수 사질토에 대한 Elastic Theory의 적용성을 검토하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2018

토압분리형 교량의 보강토옹벽은 교량을 구성하는 중요 구조물이고, 횡방향 토압과 접속슬래브를 지지한다. 보강토옹벽의 침하는 상부 구조의 손상과 접속부의 단차를 유발할 수 있다. 따라서, 토압분리형 교량의 보강토옹에 대한 침하량을 면밀히 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 토압분리형 교량의 보강토옹벽에 대한 높이와 기초지반의 강성에 따른 침하량을 검토하였다. 보강토옹벽을 높이 4.0 ~ 10.0m로 설계하고, 탄성침하량을 산정하였다. 보강토 옹벽의 높이에 따라 보강토옹벽의 저면 면적과 접지압이 선형적으로 증가되었다. 그 이유는 옹벽 높이가 증가됨에 따른 보강토체의 자중의 증가 때문이다. 자중의 증가로 인해 탄성침하량도 선형적으로 증가되었다. 구조물기초설계기준 해설에 제시된 보강토옹벽 탄성침하량 이론식을 통해 침하량을 산정한 결과, 보강토옹벽의 높이가 증가됨에 따라 비례하여 침하량이 증가하였고 기초지반의 N치가 35 이상이 되어야 접속슬래브의 허용침하량을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 유한요소해석을 통해 보강토옹벽의 높이와 기초지반의 강성에 따른 침하량 산정 결과, 기초 지반의 강성이 증가함에 따라 최대침하량은 탄성침하량과 동일하게 감소하였다. 탄성침하량은 유한요소해석을 통해 산정된 침하량보다 과다 산정되었다. 이는 탄성침하량이 보강토체를 연성기초로 가정하고 기초 지반을 반무한 탄성체로 가정하기 때문이다. 토압분리형 교량의 보강토옹벽은 교량을 구성하는 중요 부재이므로 침하량에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 그로인해 유한요소해석을 수행하여 침하량을 산정하는 것이 보다 합리적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

Excavation usually induces considerable ground settlement in soft ground, which may result in damage of adjacent buildings. Generally, the settlement is predicted through elastic-plastic finite element method and empirical method with defects. In this paper, an analytical solution for predicting ground settlement induced by excavation is developed based on the definition of three basic modes of wall displacement: T mode, R mode and P model. A separation variable method is employed to solve the problem based on elastic theory. The solution is validated by comparing the results from the analytical method with the results from finite element method(FEM) and existing measured data. Good agreement is obtained. The results show that T mode and R mode will result in a downward-sloping ground settlement profile. The P mode will result in a concave-type ground settlement profile.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.283-303
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• 2015

To research and analyze the differential settlements of foundations specifically, site investigations of existing railways and metro were firstly carried out. Then, the centrifugal test was used to observe differential settlements in different position between foundations on the basis of investigation. The theoretical model was established according to the stress diffusion method and Fourier method to establish an analytical solution of embankment differential settlement between different foundations. Finally, theoretical values and experimental values were analyzed comparatively. The research results show that both in horizontal and vertical directions, evident differential settlement exists in a limited area on both sides of the vertical interface between different foundations. The foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress and cause relatively less settlement. Differential settlement value decreases as the distance to vertical interface decreases. In the vertical direction of foundation, mass differential settlement also exists on both sides of the vertical interface and foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress. With the increase of relative modulus of different foundations, foundation with lower elastic modulus has larger settlement. Meanwhile, differential settlement is more obvious. The main error sources in theoretical and experimental values include: (a) different load form; (b) foundation characteristics differences; (c) modulus conversion; (d) effect of soil internal friction.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.993-998
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• 2009

This study was conducted to propose the model that is able to predict long-term settlement of sands containing carbonates. We can observe that in addition to the initial elastic compression, a considerable additional compression occurs with long-term period in some sands. The compressibility of sands is significantly dependent on particle characteristics. Some sands have many pores and particularly has an angular shape. To predict of long-term settlement of these sands which contain carbonates, first of all a variety of tests which are to assess chemical, physical and compression characteristics of these sands were conducted. Second, in order to know settlement with time, the time parameter was determined by analyzing the measured data obtained from $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ area. The measured settlement of this area shows that in addition to the initial elastic compression, a considerable additional compression occurring with time. It was caused by the crushing, shattering, and rearrangement of particles, which were real phenomena in sandy soils under loading condition. Based on this case study, we proposed that a simple method is able to predict settlement with time of sandy soil containing carbonates.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.193-207
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• 2023

In general, the numerous classical approaches available in the literature can anticipate the settlement of shallow foundations. As long as the footings are not in close proximity to other subsurface buildings, the findings achieved using these methods are legitimate and acceptable. However, due to increased urbanisation and land scarcity, footings are frequently built close together. As a result, these footings' settlement behaviour differs from those of isolated footings. A simpler approach for assessing the settlement behaviour of two square or rectangular footings placed in close proximity is presented in this work. A Parametric study has been carried out to examine the interference effect on the settlement of these footings placed in close vicinity on the surface of a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic soil medium. The interaction factors are examined by varying the different aspect ratios (L/B), clear spacing ratio (S/B) and intensity of loading on the right footing with respect to the left footing. Further, variation of the settlement ratio (δ/B) with respect to embedment depth ratio D_f/B is examined. For square and rectangular footings, the interference settlement profile is also investigated by varying the clear spacing ratio (S/B) and the degree of loading. The results were compared to 3D finite element analysis and experimental data that were available.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1988

본 논문에서는 기초지반의 부등침하를 해석하기 위하여 추계론적 수치해석 방법을 사용하였다. 부등침하는 토질탄성계수의 공간적 변화와 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있다. Kriging 이론은 탄성계수의 공간적 변화를 설명하기 위하여 사용되었다. 이 방법은 선형최적불편추정기법으로 제한된 자료로 부터 최소의 분산을 가진 추정값을 구할 수 있다. 추계론적 유한요소법을 이용하여 일차근사 2차모멘트 기법으로 변위의 평균값과 분산값 그리고 공분산값을 구한다. 최종적으로 부등침하의 신뢰도모델이 제시되었다. 해석결과 두 기초사이의 거리와 탄성계수의 수평방향 변동거리가 거의 같을 때 최대부 등침하량이 일어난다는 것과 이 때 부등침하량이 허용간을 넋을 확률이 상당히 크다는 것이 밝혀 졌다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.898-905
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• 2005

The settlement of embankment on soft clay includes shear settlement due to shear deformation. Even though the consolidation settlement is not related to lateral displacement, but shear settlement makes the embankment unstable because it deforms ground and decreases the ground strength. In order to determine the shear deformation behaviour during embankment construction, 3 cases (1B, 2B, and 3B) of rapid undrained loading tests on soft clays were performed. Shear settlement is consist of elastic settlement, plastic settlement and viscous settlement. Elastic settlement isn't considered because the range is small, therefore the first is the range of plastic displacement, and the second is that of viscous displacement in the displacement-time curve for each loading stage. After determining that the change in the inclination of the viscous displacement range is larger than in the plastic displacement range after the ground failure occurs for the loading stage, the stability management methods were suggested considering that it is hard to divide the plastic displacement range and the viscous displacement range. The stability management method was based on the ratio of the plastic displacement range's inclination and the viscous displacement range's inclination. A stability management method based on the ratio of the total inclination for each loading stage compared to the whole inclination in the initial loading stage was also recommended.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2014

Laboratory and field data showed that deep mixed (DM) columns accelerated the rate of consolidation of the soft foundations. Most analyses of consolidation of DM column-improved foundations so far have been based on the elastic theory. In reality, the DM columns may yield due to the stress concentration from the soft soil and its limited strength. The influence of column yielding on the degree of consolidation of the soft foundation improved by DM columns has not been well investigated. A three-dimensional mechanically and hydraulically-coupled numerical method was adopted in this study to investigate the degree of consolidation of the DM column foundation considering column yielding. A unit cell model was used, in which the soil was modeled as a linearly elastic material. For a comparison purpose, the DM column was modeled as an elastic or elastic-plastic material. This study examined the aspects of stress transfer, settlement, and degree of consolidation of the foundations without or with the consideration of the yielding of the DM column. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the column yielding on the stress concentration ratio, settlement, and average degree of consolidation of the DM column foundation. The stress concentration ratio increased and then decreased to reach a constant value with the increase of the column modulus and time. A simplified method was proposed to calculate the maximum stress concentration ratios under undrained and drained conditions considering the column yielding. The simplified method based on a composite foundation concept could conservatively estimate the consolidation settlement. An increase of the column modulus, area replacement ratio, and/or column permeability increased the rate of consolidation.