• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2022

In this work, the bending and dynamic behaviors of advanced composite plates resting on variable visco-Pasternak foundations are studied using a simple shear deformation integral plate model. The research is carried out with a view to a three-parameter foundation including the influences of the variable Winkler coefficient, the constant Pasternak coefficient and the damping coefficient of the elastic medium. The present theory uses a displacement field with integral terms instead of derivative terms by including also the shear deformation effect without introducing the shear correction factors. The equations of motion for advanced composite plates are obtained using the Hamilton principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and dynamic analysis are deduced for simply supported plates resting on variable visco-Pasternak foundations. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the impact of material index, elastic foundation type, and damping coefficient of the foundation, on the bending and dynamic responses of advanced composite plates.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2006

임의의 등방성재료에 대한 종파, 횡파 및 누설표면파의 음속을 알면 해석적으로 그 재료의 탄성정수와 밀도를 산출할 수 있다. 종래, 그 음속들은 각각 다른 진동모드를 갖는 세 개의 초음파 트랜스듀서에 의해 측정되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 하나의 트랜스듀서에 의해 그 세 가지 파의 개략적인 음속을 동시에 측정하기위한 전극분할형 PVDF 직선집속 초음파 트랜스듀서를 새로이 제안하고, 설계, 제작하였다. 그리고 그것에 의한 각 파의 음속측정 방법을 확립한 후, 용융석영 등 몇몇 등방성재료에 적용하였다. 또한, 측정된 각 파의 음속을 이용하여 탄성 강성정수 및 밀도를 산출하고, 각 값들의 오차를 검토하였는데, 얻어진 값들은 문헌치와 비교적 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2024

In the field of electronic components, the potting material, which is a part of the electronic circuit package, plays a significant role in protecting circuits from the external environment and reducing signal interference among electronic devices during operation. This significantly affects the reliability of the components. Therefore, the accurate prediction and assessment of the lifespan of a material are of paramount importance in the electronics industry. We conducted an accelerated thermal aging evaluation using the Arrhenius technique on elastic potting material developed in-house, focusing on its insulation, waterproofing, and contraction properties. Through a comprehensive analysis of these properties and their interrelations, we confirmed the primary factors influencing molding material failure, as increased hardness is related to aggregation, adhesion, and post-hardening or thermal-aging-induced contraction. Furthermore, when plotting failure times against temperature, we observed that the hardness, adhesive strength, and water absorption rate were the predominant factors up to 120 ℃. Beyond this temperature, the tensile properties were the primary contributing factors. In contrast, the dielectric constant and loss tangent, which are vital for reducing signal interference in electric devices, exhibited positive changes(decreases) with aging and could be excluded as failure factors. Our findings establish valuable correlations between physical properties and techniques for the accurate prediction of failure time, with broad implications for future product lifespans. This study is particularly advantageous for advancing elastic potting materials to satisfy the stringent requirements of reliable environments.

• 지질공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.401-416
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 물과 산성용액을 이용한 동결${\cdot}$융해실험을 통하여 강원도 횡성군에서 채취된 셰일의 물리적 특성변화를 측정하였다. 실험에 적용된 동결${\cdot}$융해 온도 범위는 $-20{\pm}2^{\circ}C\~15{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 이고 시료는 12시간 동안 동결한 후 물속에서 8시간 동안 융해시켰다. 이 후 시료를 진공 챔버에서 4시간동안 수침하여 완전히 포화시켰으며, 이러한 일련의 과정을 1 cycle로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 매 5 cycle마다 시료의 흡수율, 탄성파 속도, 쇼어 경도, 슬래이크 내구성시험, 일축압축시험 등을 실시하였다. 동결${\cdot}$융해 실험의 반복횟수가 증가될수록 시료의 물성은 변화하였다. 일축압축강도는 물을 이용한 실험에서는 매cycle마다 0.40MPa정도 감소하였고 산성용액을 이용한 실험에서는 0.48Mra정도 감소하였으며, 탄성계수 역시 물에서 0.21Gpa, 산성용액에서 0.30GPa 감소하였다. 흡수율의 경우는 물에서 $0.29\%$, 산성용액에서 $0.37\%$ 증가되었다. 이러한 결과는 산성용액에서의 풍화속도가 물에서의 풍화속도보다 빠름을 지시한다. 그러나 탄성파속도, 쇼어경도와 슬레이크 내구성 시험에서는 물과 산성용액에 따른 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 동결${\cdot}$융해 실험 결과와 연구지 역의 동절기 기간의 기온분포를 고려해 볼 때 실제 1년이 동결-응해 실험 약 $6\~12\;cycle$에 해당될 것으로 추정된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2009

합성단면을 구성하는 콘크리트 단면에 크리프에 의한 장기변형이 발생되면 합성단면에는 추가의 변형이 발생되며 콘크리트 단면에는 장기변형의 일부구속으로 잔류응력이 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 복잡한 합성단면에서 콘크리트 단면의 장기변형에 대한 반응을 평가하는 기존의 단계별계산법을 보다 효율적으로 적용할 수 있도록 일반화 하였다. 장기변형이 발생하는 콘크리트 단면과 이 변형의 일부를 구속하는 구속단면의 단면특성과 재료특성으로부터 초기 합성단면의 환산단면특성이 유도되고, 각 단계의 크리프계수가 고려된 유효탄성계수가 적용된 환산 단면특성이 유도되었다. 합성단면의 일반화 반응에 대한 5개의 일반화 매개변수로 구성된 단계별계산법의 식이 유도되었다. 각 단계별 계산식에는 크리프계수의 증가가 일정하도록 하여 식의 단순화와 계산시간의 감축 및 균등한 단계별 계산오차가 가능한 균등 크리프 단계별계산법을 제안하였다. 콘크리트 단면의 초기 축방향 탄성 변형률에 대한 일반화 반응은 콘크리트 단면적의 비율에 가장 민감하고, 콘크리트 단면의 단면이차모멘트 비율보다는 구속단면의 단면이차모멘트 비율에 보다 민감하였다. 반면에 콘크리트 단면의 초기 탄성곡률에 대해서는 콘크리트 단면의 단면이차모멘트 비율에 가장 민감하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1998

The paper attempts to estimate the incubation time of a cavity in the interface between a power law creep particle and an elastic matrix subjected to a uniaxial stress. Since the power law creep particle is time dependent, the stresses in the interface relax. The volume free energy associated with Helmholtz free energy includes strain energies caused by applied stress and dislocations piled up in interface(DPI). The energy due to DPI is found by modifying the result of Dundurs and Mura[4]. The volume free energies caused by both applied stress and DPI are a function of the cavity size(r) and elapsed time(t) and arise from stress relaxation in the interface. Critical radius $r^*$ and incubation time $t^*$ to maximise Helmholtz free energy is found in present analysis. Also, kinetics of cavity formation are investigated using the results obtained by Riede [7]. The incubation time is defined in the analysis as the time required to satisfy both the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Through the analysis it is found that 1) strain energy caused by the applied stress does not contribute significantly to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of a cavity formation, 2) in order to satisfy both thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, critical radius $r^*$ decreases or holds constant with increase of the time until the kinetic condition(eq. 2.3) is satisfied. there for the cavity may not grow right after it is formed, as postulated by Harris [15], and Ishida and Mclean [16], 3) the effects of strain rate exponent (m), material constant $\sigma$0, volume fraction of the particle to matrix(f)and particle size on the incubation time are estimated using material constants of the copper as matrix.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.331-341
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• 1993

The propagating crack problems under dynamic antiplane mode in orthotropic material is studied in this paper. To analyze the dynamic fracture problems by theoretical method or experimental method in orthotropic material, it is important to know the dynamic stress intensity factor in the vicinity of crack tip. Therefore the dynamic stress field and dynamic displacement field with dynamic stress intensity factor of orthotropic material in mode III were derived. When the crack propagation speed approachs to zero, the dynamic stress components and dynamic displacement components derived in this paper are identical to the those of static state. In addition, the relationships between dynamic stress intensity factor and dynamic energy release rate are determined by using the concept of crack closure energy with the dynamic stresses and dynamic displacements derived in this paper. Finally, the characteristics of crack propagation are studied with the properties of orthotropic material and crack speed. The variation of angle .alpha. between fiber direction and crack propagating direction and crack propagation speed fairly effect on stress component and displacement component in crack tip. The influence of crack propagation speed on the speed on the stress and displacement is greater in the case of .alpha.=90.deg. than in the case of .alpha.=0.deg. and the faster the crack propagation speed, the greater the stress value and displacement value.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

Residual stress distribution in injection molded short fiber composites is determined by using the layer-removal method. Polystyrene is mixed with carbon fibers of 3% volume fraction (4.5% weight fraction) in an extruder and the tensile specimen is injection-molded. The layer-removal process, in which removing successive thin uniform layers of the material from the surface of the specimen by a milling machine, is employed and the resulting curvature is acquired by means of an image processing. The isotropic elastic analysis proposed by Treuting and Read which assumes a constant Yaung’s modulus in the thickness direction is one of the most frequently used methods to determine residual stresses. However, injection molded short fiber composites experience complex fiber orientation during molding and variation of Yaung’s modulus distribution occurs in the specimen. In this study, variation of Yaung’s modulus with respect to the thickness direction is considered for calculation of the residual stresses as proposed by White and the result is compared with that by assuming constant modulus. Residual stress distribution obtained from this study shows a typical stress profile of injection-molded products as reported in many literatures. Young’s modulus distribution is predicted by using numerical methods instead of experimental results. For the numerical analysis of injection molding process, a hybrid FEM/FDM method is used in order to predict velocity, temperature field, fiber orientation, and resulting mechanical properties of the specimen at the end of molding.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2002

전기변형(electrostriction)이란 물체에 전압을 인가했을 때 맥스웰 응력이 나타나고, 이로 인하여 물체가 변형되는 현상을 말한다. 이러한 성질은 대부분의 유전체에서 나타나는데, 특히 탄성계수가 낮은 엘라스토머에 적용하면 전기에너지가 효율적으로 변환되어 큰 변형과 힘을 발현한다. 이렇게 전기변형을 크게 일으키는 고분자를 전기변형 고분자(electrostrictive polymer, EP)로 분류하며, 이들은 구동체 및 센서, 인공근육, 음향전달 장치 분야로의 활용이 유망한 재료로 예견되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리우레탄과 아크릴 고무 등의 유전성 탄성체(dielectric elastomer)를 이용하여 전극-EP-전극의 적층을 이루는 유니모프 구동체를 제조하여 구동시켰고 주파수를 증가시키면서 작동시킬 때 구동체의 운동범위가 감소하는 현상을 전기적, 기계적으로 해석하고자 유전율과 탄성율을 주파수에 따라 측정하는 한편, 고전적 적층이론을 이용하여 EP의 구동역학을 모델링 하였다. 실험결과, 주파수 증가에 따른 구동체의 운동 변위 감소는 재료의 유전 완화시간과 밀접한 관계를 가졌음을 알 수 있었고, 고전적 적층이론으로 해석한 유니모프 구동체의 운동은 실제 적용한 우레탄 구동체의 운동과 상당히 유사한 거동을 보였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1985

Elastomer-filler interaction in terms of characterization of filler effects was studied using natural rubber(NR) loaded with kaolin fillers modified with sodium polyphosphate and poly(maleic anhydride), respectively. Kaolins modified with sodium polyphosphate or poly(maleic anhydride) show adhering characteristics by Kraus plot. Reinforcement activity according to Cunneen-Russell method is given by those fillers, in which sodium polyphosphate-treated kaolin presents more favorable results than that treated with poly(maleic anhydride) with respect to adhesion constant, reinforcement extent, elastic constant, and crosslink density. When applied to Blanchard's linkage reinforcement theory, NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin modified with sodium polyphosphate meet the requirements for both approximate linkage reinforcement(${\psi}'$) of 1.02 to 4.94 and accurate linkage reinforcement($\psi$) of 1.00 to 1.18, representing the values of effective wetting($C_{\psi}$) for 0.001 to 0.029 and intrinsic linkage reinforcement(${\psi}_0$) for 1.015 to 1.124, respectively, whille negligible linkage reinforcement is shown by NR vulcanizates loaded with kaolin treated with poly(maleic anhydride). Dynamic storage modulus(G') given by surface modified kaolins presents more favorable crosslink density rates of $2.260{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for sodium polyphosphate treated kaolin and $1.305{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$. for poly(maleic anhydride) treated kaolin, respectively, compared to untreated kaolin showing the rate of $1.033{\times}10^{-5}\;mole/cm^3-min$.