• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2000

An elastic-plastic finite element analysis is performed to investigate detailed closure behavior of fatigue cracks and the numerical results are compared with experimental results. The finite element analysis performed under plane stress using 4-node isoparametric elements can predict fatigue crack closure behavior. The mesh of constant element size along crack surface can not predict the opening level of fatigue crack. The crack opening level for the constant mesh size increases linearly from initial crack growth. The crack opening level for variable mesh size, is almost flat after crack tip has passed the monotonic plastic zone. The prediction of crack opening level using the variable mesh size proportioning the reversed plastic zone size with the opening stress intensity factors presents a good agreement with the experimental data regardless of stress ratios.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2001

A crack with electrically impermeable surfaces in an electrostrictive material subjected to uniform electric loading is analysed. The effect of electric yielding on stress intensity factor is investigated by using a small scale yielding model and a strip yield zone model. Complete forms of electric fields and elastic fields are derived by using complex function theory. The electrical yield zone shapes for two models are different each other. The two models, however, predict similar yield zone sizes under the small scale yielding conditions. It is found that the influence of electric yielding on the stress intensity factor is insensitive to the modeling of the electrical yield zone shape.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

Aiming at the mechanical and structural characteristics of the contact zone composite rock, the shear tests and numerical studies were carried out. The effects of the differences in mechanical properties of different materials and the normal stress on shear properties of contact zone composite samples were analyzed from a macro-meso level. The results show that the composite samples have high shear strength, and the interface of different materials has strong adhesion. The differences in mechanical properties of materials weakens the shear strength and increase the shear brittleness of the sample, while normal stress will inhibit these effect. Under low/high normal stress, the sample show two failure modes, at the meso-damage level: elastic-shearing-frictional sliding and elastic-extrusion wear. This is mainly controlled by the contact and friction state of the material after damage. The secondary failure of undulating structure under normal-shear stress is the nature of extrusion wear, which is positively correlated to the normal stress and the degree of difference in mechanical properties of different materials. The increase of the mechanical difference of the sample will enhance the shear brittleness under lower normal stress and the shear interaction under higher normal stress.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1997

콘크리트에 발생하는 변형률 국소화는 연화거동에 수반하여 변형이 국부적으로 집중되는 현상으로 이를 유한요소해석 할 수 있는 일관된 알고리즘을 개발하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 변형률 국소화현상이 발생한 콘크리트는 변형률이 집중되는 국소화영역과 그외의 영역인 비국소화영역으로 크게 구분할 수 있으며 국소화영역에서는 연화현상을 포함하는 탄소성거동을 하게 되며 비국소화영역은 손상제하거동을 수반하게 된다. 변형률 국소화현상이 진행중인 콘크리트의 국소화영역을 모델링하기 위하여 열역학적으로 정식화된 전형적인 소성모델에 콘크리트의 극한응력 이후에 비선형 연화로 표현되는 소성거동을 고려할 수 있는 일반화된 Drucker-Prager모델을 도입하였으며 소성이론식의 적분을 위해 return-mapping 알고리즘을 사용하고 일관된 알고리즘을 전개하였다. 또한, 콘크리트의 비국소화영역의 모델링을 위하여 열역학적 자유에너지함수를 수정하여 비선형 탄성 및 손상의 일관된 알고리즘을 전개하였다. 개발된 알고리즘에 의한 유한요소해석을 통해 압축을 받는 콘크리트 부재의 변형률 국소화 현상을 해석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.635-647
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• 2009

For the calculation of foundation settlement it is recommended to take into account so called influence zone inside the subsoil bellow the foundation structure. Influence zone inside the subsoil is the region where the load has a substantial influence on the deformation of the soil skeleton. The soil skeleton is pre-consolidated or over consolidated due to the original geostatic stress state. An excavation changes the original geostatic stress state and it creates the space for the load transferred from upper structure. The theory of elastic layer in Westergard manner is selected for the vertical stress calculation. The depth of influence zone is calculated from the equality of the original geostatic stress and the new geostatic stress due to excavation combined with the vertical stress from the upper structure. Two close formulas are presented for the influence zone calculation. Using ADINA code we carried out several numerical examples to verify the proposed analytical formulas and to enhance their use in civil engineering practice. Otherwise, the FEM code accuracy can be control.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

To improve the design equation for the evaluation of the bursting force in the post-tensioned anchorage zone, this paper presents the analyses and design of the post-tensioned (PT) anchorage zone on the basis of three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses. The structural behavior was investigated through linear elastic finite element analyses upon consideration of the change in design parameters such as the bearing plate size, the eccentricity, and the tendon inclination. Moreover, consideration of the duct hole, which causes an increase of the bursting stress with a change in its distribution along the anchorage zone as well, is emphasized. Since that an exact prediction of the bursting force is the primary interest in design practice, additional parametric analyses are carried out to evaluate the relative contribution of all design parameters in determining the bursting force, and a comparison with the design guidelines mentioned in AASHTO-LRFD has been provided. Finally, an improved design guideline that takes into account the influence by the duct hole is suggested.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

Friction welding has may merits such as energy efficiency, simple processing, etc. but it is difficult to obtain good welding at the welded interfaces and heat affected zone. It is discovered that stress singularity exists at the interferes and heat affected zone. The computer program based on boundary element method is utilized in this study. A mathematical model is implemented based on results from several experiments performed at and around the welded interfaces and heat affected zone of disimilar metals under static and dynamic loadings. This stay is to investigate the characteristics of the deformation and fracture behavior around interfaces for friction welded materials under static tensile load. Also, the stress distribution at the tip of crack is analyzed by using BU based on Kelvin's solution of 2-dimensional binding zone. The results of BEM are identical with those in case of considering interfaces of both heat affected zone. Also, stress singularity at the tip of interfaces appears when the elastic modulus ratio is 1.07.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

This paper presents a tri-uniform bond stress model for predicting the lap splice strength of reinforcing bar at the critical bond splitting failure. The proposed bond distribution model consists of three zones, namely, splitting zone, post-splitting zone and yielding zone. In each zone, the bond stress is assumed to be constant. The models for bond strength in each zone are adopted from previous studies. Combining the equilibrium, strain-slip relation and the bond strength model in each zone, the steel stress-slip model can be derived, which can be used in the nonlinear frame analysis of the column. The proposed model is applied to derive explicit equations for predicting the strength of the lap splice strengthened by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in both elastic and post-yield ranges. For design purpose, a procedure to calculate the required FRP thickness and the number of FRP sheets is also presented. A parametric investigation was conducted to study the relation between lap splice strength and lap splice length, number and thickness of FRP sheets and the ratio of concrete cover to bar diameter. The study shows that the lap splice strength can be enhanced by increasing one of these parameters: lap splice length, number or thickness of FRP sheets and concrete cover to bar diameter ratio. Verification of the model has been conducted using experimental data available in literature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.817-828
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• 2022

In this study, considering dissipated energy in fracture process zone (FPZ), a novel criterion based on maximum strain energy release rate (SER) for orthotropic materials is presented. General case of in-plane loading for cracks along the fibers is assumed. According to the experimental observations, crack propagation is supposed along the fibers and the reinforcement isotropic solid (RIS) concept is employed as a superior model for orthotropic materials. SER in crack initiation and propagation phases is investigated. Elastic properties of FPZ are extracted as a function of undamaged matrix media and micro-crack density. This criterion meaningfully links between dissipated energy due to toughening mechanisms of FPZ and the macroscopic fracture by defining stress intensity factors of the damaged zone. These coefficients are used in equations of maximum SER criterion. The effect of crack initiation angle and the damaged zone is considered simultaneously in this criterion and mode II stress intensity factor is extracted in terms of stress intensity factors of damage zone and crack initiation angle. This criterion can evaluate the effects of FPZ on the fracture behavior of orthotropic material. Good agreement between extracted fracture limit curves (FLC's) and available experimental data proves the ability of the new proposed criterion.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2020

The Hengda Group super high-rise building in Jinan City uses the frame-core tube structural system. With a height of 238.3 m, it is above the B-level height limit of 150 m for buildings within 7-magnitude seismic fortification zones. Therefore, it is necessary to apply performance-based seismic design to this super high-rise building. In this study, response spectrum analysis and comparative analysis of the structure are conducted using two software applications. Moreover, elastic time-history analysis, seismic analysis under an intermediate earthquake, and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes are performed. Based on the analysis results, corresponding strengthening measures are implemented at weaker structural locations, such as corners, wall ends connected to framed girders, and coupling beams connected to framed girders. The failure mode and failure zone of major stress components of the structure under rare earthquakes are analysed. The conclusions to this research demonstrate that weaker locations and important parts of the structure satisfy the requirements for elastic-plastic deformation in the event of rare earthquakes.