• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.971-995
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• 2014

The parts of semi-rigid connected and partially embedded piles in elastic soil, above the soil and embedded in the soil are called the first region and second region, respectively. The upper end of the pile in the first region is supported by linear-elastic rotational spring. The forth order differential equations of both region for critical buckling load of partially embedded and semi-rigid connected pile with shear deformation are established using small-displacement theory and Winkler hypothesis. These differential equations are solved by differential transform method (DTM) and analytical method and critical buckling loads of semirigid connected and partially embedded pile are obtained, results are given in tables and graphs are presented for investigating the effects of relative stiffness of the pile and flexibility of rotational spring.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2024

In order to study the soil seasonal dynamic characteristics in the regions with four distinct seasons, the soil dynamic triaxial experiments were conducted by considering the environmental temperature range from -30℃ to 30℃. The results demonstrate that the dynamic soil properties in four seasons can change greatly. Firstly, the dynamic triaxial experiments were performed to obtain the dynamic stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, and damping ratio of soil, under different confining pressures and temperatures. Then, the experiments also obtain the dynamic cohesion and internal friction angle of the clay under the initial strain, and the changing rule was summarized. Finally, the results show that the dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic cohesion will increase significantly when the clay is frozen; as the temperature continues to decrease, this increasing trend will gradually slow down, and the dynamic damping ratio will go down when the freezing temperature decreases. In this paper, the change mechanism is objectively analyzed, which verifies the reliability of the conclusions obtained from the experiment.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-112
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• 2011

Wind turbine structures are long slender columns with a rotor and blade assembly placed on the top. These slender structures vibrate due to dynamic environmental forces and its own dynamics. Analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind turbines is fundamental to the stability, performance, operation and safety of these systems. In this paper a simplied approach is outlined for free vibration analysis of these long, slender structures taking the soil-structure interaction into account. The analytical method is based on an Euler-Bernoulli beam-column with elastic end supports. The elastic end-supports are considered to model the flexible nature of the interaction of these systems with soil. A closed-form approximate expression has been derived for the first natural frequency of the system. This new expression is a function of geometric and elastic properties of wind turbine tower and properties of the foundation including soil. The proposed simple expression has been independently validated using an exact numerical method, laboratory based experimental measurement and field measurement of a real wind turbine structure. The results obtained in the paper shows that the proposed expression can be used for a quick assessment of the fundamental frequency of a wind turbine taking the soil-structure interaction into account.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2021

A two dimensional model of linearly elastic soil spring used for the settlement analysis of the flexible mat foundation is suggested in this study. The spring constants of the soils underneath the foundation were modeled assuming uniformly vertical load applied onto the foundation. The soil spring constants were back calculated using the three-dimensional finite element analysis with Midas GTS NX program. Variation of the soil spring constants was modeled as a two-dimensional polynomial function in terms of the normalized spatial distances between the center of foundation and the analytical points. The Lysmer's analog spring for soils underneath the rigid foundation was adopted and calibrated for the flexible foundation. For validations, the newly proposed soil spring model was incorporated into a two dimensional finite difference analysis for a square mat foundation at the surface of an elastic half-space consisting of soft clays. Comparative study was made for elastic soils where the shear wave velocity is 120~180 m/s and the Poisson's ratio varies at 0.3~0.5. The resulting foundation settlements from the two dimensional finite difference analysis with the proposed soil springs were found in good agreement with those obtained directly from three dimensional finite element analyses. Details of the applications and limitations of the modified Lysmer's analog springs were discussed in this study.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2022

Simplified analytical solutions are developed for the dynamic analyses of an axially loaded pile foundation embedded in a transverse-isotropic, fluid-filled, poro-visco-elastic soil with rigid substratum. The pile is modeled as a viscoelastic Rayleigh-Love rod, while the surrounding soil is regarded as a transversely isotropic, liquid-saturated, viscoelastic, porous medium of which the mechanical behavior is represented by the Boer's poroelastic media model and the fractional derivative model. Upon the separation of variables, the frequency-domain responses for the impedance function of the pile top, and the vertical displacement and the axial force along the pile shaft are gained. Then by virtue of the convolution theorem and the inverse Fourier transform, the time-domain velocity response of the pile head is derived. The presented solutions are validated, compared to the existing solution, the finite element model (FEM) results, and the field test data. Parametric analyses are made to show the effect of the soil anisotropy and the excitation frequency on the pile-soil dynamic responses.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2024

Unlike artificially created homogeneous materials, the process of calculating the elastic modulus of natural soil involves the possibility of errors. Because the stress-strain behavior of soil is nonlinear, the secant modulus of elasticity is often used based on 1/2 of the stress at failure. Since soil has the property of changing its elastic modulus depending on the confining pressure, numerical analysis models that analyze its behavior inevitably include complex elements. The hyperbolic model, which relatively accurately simulates the behavior immediately after loading in soft ground, assumes that the stress-strain curve of the consolidated undrained triaxial test is hyperbolic and requires the slope of the tangent line at the starting point. However, the slope of the initial tangent in the stress-strain curve obtained from an actual triaxial test is difficult to have regularity according to changes in confining pressure. Additionally, due to the characteristics of a hyperbola, even small changes in related factors cause large changes in the hyperbola. Therefore, there is a lot of randomness in the process of calculating model parameters from the triaxial test results, which causes large differences in the results. Therefore, the method of calculating the initial elastic modulus by the consolidation test presented in this study is also used to verify the method by the triaxial test. It can be applied. However, since this study was applied to only one sample showing typical consolidation characteristics, it is necessary to check samples with various physical properties in the future.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권4C호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 준설토, 폐타이어 분말 및 저회(bottom ash)를 재활용한 폐타이어 분말 혼합경량토의 역학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 본 실험에서 폐타이어 분말의 함량은 건조 준설토 중량대비 0%에서 100%까지 25%간격으로 변화시켜 5개의 공시체를 준비하였다. 혼합된 공시체는 일축압축시험, 탄성파 시험을 수행하여 강도와 지반정수들을 구하였다. 실험결과 폐타이어 함량이 증가함에 따라 일축압축강도와 단위중량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 파괴시 축변형률은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 폐타이어 분말의 함량이 증가할수록 폐타이어 혼합경량토의 응력-변형률 곡선은 취성적 거동보다는 연성적 거동을 나타내었다. 탄성파 시험에서는 폐타이어 함량이 증가함에 따라 탄성파 속도와 전단탄성계수는 감소하는 성질을 나타내고 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Based on the theory of porous media, an interaction system of a floating pile and a saturated soil in cylindrical coordinates subjected to vertical harmonic load is presented in this paper. The surrounding soil is separated into two distinct layers. The upper soil layer above the level of pile base is described as a saturated viscoelastic medium and the lower soil layer is idealized as equivalent spring-dashpot elements with complex stiffness. Considering the cylindrically symmetry and the pile-soil compatibility condition of the interaction system, a frequency-domain analytical solution for dynamic impedance of the floating pile embedded in saturated viscoelastic soil is also derived, and reduced to verify it with existing solutions. An extensive parametric analysis has been conducted to reveal the effects of the impedance of the lower soil base, the interaction coefficient and the damping coefficient of the saturated viscoelastic soil layer on the vertical vibration of the pile-soil interaction system. It is shown that the vertical dynamic impedance of the floating pile significantly depends on the real stiffness of the impedance of the lower soil base, but is less sensitive to its dynamic damping variation; the behavior of the pile in poro-visco-elastic soils is totally different with that in single-phase elastic soils due to the existence of pore liquid; the effect of the interaction coefficient of solid and liquid on the pile-soil system is limited.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 원지반 점토와 시멘트 혼합토를 포함하는 복합지반을 조성하고 이에 대한 실내 일축압축강도 시험을 통해 원지반 점토 함수비 및 치환율, 시멘트 함유율 등에 따른 강도 및 변경 특성치를 분석하였으며, 혼합토에 대한 개별요소 수치모델링을 수행하였다. 시멘트 함유율 15 % 이상에서는 최종적인 복합지반의 강도에 있어 치환율을 증가시키는 것보다 시멘트 함유량 증가 등을 통한 혼합토의 강도를 증가시키는 것이 더욱 유리함을 알 수 있었으며, 회귀분석을 통해 원지반 점성토의 일축압축강도와 시멘트 혼합토의 시멘트 함유율, 복합지반 치환율을 이용하여 최종적인 복합지반의 일축압축강도 및 탄성계수 예측이 가능하였다. 치환율과 함께 최종적인 복합지반의 강도 및 변형 특성치 예측에 가장 중요한 요소인 시멘트 혼합토의 일축압축강도는 실내시험 및 본딩모델이 적용된 3차원 개별요소 수치모델링을 통해 그 검증과 예측이 가능하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

Differential transform method (DTM) for free vibration analysis of both ends simply supported beam resting on elastic foundation is suggested. The fourth order partial differential equation for free vibration of the beam resting on elastic foundation subjected to bending moment, shear and axial compressive load is obtained by using Winkler hypothesis and small displacement theory. It is assumed that the material is linear-elastic, and that axial load and modulus of subgrade reaction to be constant. In the analysis, shear and axial load effects are considered. The frequency factors of the beam are calculated by using DTM due to the values of relative stiffness; the results are presented in graphs and tables.